后路椎体间植骨同时椎弓根内固定治疗峡部裂腰椎滑脱

[目的]探讨后路椎体间自体植骨同时椎弓根内固定治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度峡部裂腰椎滑脱的疗效。[方法]采用腰椎后侧入路椎管减压、椎体间自体植骨融合同时椎弓根内固定，术后腰围固定3个月。[结果]43例患者术后随访6～30个月，椎体间骨性融合率为90．7％，临床疗效优良率为88．37％。[结论]椎体间自体植骨同时椎弓根内固定是治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度峡部裂腰椎滑脱症的理想手术方法。     

后柱切除后伸压缩中柱矫治胸腰段骨质疏松性重度椎体压缩骨折伴后凸畸形

【摘要】 目的：评价后柱切除后伸压缩中柱矫治胸腰段骨质疏松性重度椎体压缩骨折伴后凸畸形的安全性和临床效果。方法：2009年7月～2012年1月经后入路行后柱切除后伸压缩中柱矫治胸腰段骨质疏松性重度椎体压缩骨折伴后凸畸形患者14例,男2例,女12例;年龄62～81岁,平均68岁。骨折均位于T11～L2,其中单椎体骨折12例,两个椎体骨折2例;椎体高度压缩78.5%～92.4%,平均82.5%。后凸畸形的顶椎均位于胸腰段,其中L1 7例,T12 5例,L2 2例。后凸畸形Cobb角39°～59°,平均45°;脊柱矢状位C7铅垂线偏移距离为0.4～2.8cm,平均1.6cm;腰椎前凸41°～62°,平均58.4°,9例出现腰椎前凸代偿性加大。均有腰背部疼痛及疲劳感,疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）8.5分（7.5～9分）。神经功能按Frankel分级：E级12例,D级2例。其中10例采用注射型聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥强化钉道。结果：手术时间187～221min,平均190min;术中出血量372～463ml,平均420ml。1例术中硬脊膜破裂,予以修补,术后未发生脑脊液漏。术后胸腰椎后凸Cobb角0°～9°,平均5°,平均矫正率达88.9%;矢状位C7铅垂线偏移距离0～0.8cm,平均0.3cm;腰椎前凸角28°～43°,平均37°。随访12～33个月,平均21个月。末次随访时,胸腰椎后凸Cobb角0～11°,平均7°;矢状位C7铅垂线偏移距离为0～1.2cm,平均0.4cm;腰椎前凸29°～45°,平均39°;神经功能按Frankel分级均为E级;腰背疼痛消失11例,明显缓解3例,VAS为1.9（0~3.5）分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;均植骨融合及骨折愈合良好,内固定无松动及拔出,固定邻近节段无继发骨折。结论：后柱切除后伸压缩中柱矫治胸腰段骨质疏松性重度椎体压缩骨折伴后凸畸形,与经椎弓根截骨术比较手术操作简单、创伤小。当骨质疏松性重度椎体压缩骨折伴后凸难以施行椎体成形术时,此技术是一种安全有效的补充方法。     

Is anterior release necessary in severe scoliosis treated by posterior segmental pedicle screw fixation?

With the advent of segmental pedicle screw fixation that enables more powerful corrective forces, it is postulated that an additional anterior procedure may be unnecessary even in severe deformities. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the results of a posterior procedure alone using segmental pedicle screw fixation in severe scoliotic curves over 70°. Thirty-five scoliosis patients treated by pedicle screw fixation and rod derotation were retrospectively analyzed after a minimum follow-up of 2 years (range 2–10.4). The mean age of patients was 15.3 years (range 9.8–34.2). Diagnoses were idiopathic scoliosis in 29, neuromuscular scoliosis in 3 and scoliosis associated with Marfan syndrome in 3. Scoliosis consisted of single thoracic curve in 18, double thoracic in 5 and double major in 12. Twenty-five patients showed a major thoracic curve greater than 70° (range 70–100), and different ten patients showed a major lumbar curve greater than 70° (range 70–105), pre-operatively. The deformity angle, lowest instrumented vertebral tilt (LIVT) and spinal balance were measured. Pre-operatively there were nine patients with coronal decompensation. The pre-operative thoracic curve of 80 ± 9° with the flexibility of 45 ± 11% (45 ± 11° in side-bending film) was corrected to 27 ± 10° at the most recent follow-up, showing a correction of 66% (53°) and loss of correction of 3.0% (3.7°). The pre-operative lumbar curve of 79 ± 12° with the flexibility of 62 ± 14% (30 ± 11° in side-bending film) was corrected to 33 ± 14° at the most recent follow-up [59% (46°) curve correction, 3.5% (3.0°) loss of curve correction]. The pre-operative LIVT of 30 ± 8° was corrected to 11 ± 6°, showing a correction of 62% (19°). Residual coronal decompensation was observed in three patients postoperatively. Pre-operative thoracic kyphosis of 27° (range 0–82) improved postoperatively to 31° (range 14–53). In conclusion, posterior segmental pedicle screw fixation without anterior release in severe scoliosis had satisfactory deformity correction without significant loss of curve correction. In this series a posterior procedure alone obviated the need for the anterior release and avoided complications related anterior surgery.     

胸椎椎弓根髓腔内径CT分型在严重僵硬性脊柱畸形矫形中的临床意义

目的探讨基于胸椎椎弓根髓腔内径CT分型在对严重僵硬性脊柱畸形行经后路全脊椎切除术(posterior vertebral column resection,PVCR)矫形徒手植钉中的临床意义。方法 2004年10月-2010年7月对56例严重僵硬性脊柱畸形患者一期行PVCR矫形,T2～12共植入1 098枚椎弓根螺钉。于CT片测量胸椎椎弓根髓腔内径,并划分为4个区间:区间1(0～1.0 mm),区间2(1.1～2.0 mm),区间3(2.1～3.0 mm),区间4(3.1 mm);对各区间椎弓根螺钉植钉成功率进行统计学分析。根据结果将无统计学意义的区间合并,再次行统计学分析。根据Lenke的椎弓根形态学分型,行各型植钉成功率统计学分析。结果 1 098枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉中,826枚(75.23%)植钉成功。根据髓腔内径分区,除区间3与区间4椎弓根植钉成功率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.540,P=0.111)外,其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.008)。区间3、4合并后,区间1、2、3植钉成功率分别为35.05%、65.34%、88.32%,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.017)。根据Lenke的椎弓根形态学分型,A、B、C、D型植钉成功率分别为82.31%、83.40%、80.00%、30.28%,D型植钉成功率显著低于其余各型(P0.008),其余各型间差异均无统计学意义(P0.008)。基于胸椎椎弓根髓腔内径CT分型标准,Ⅰ型椎弓根占总数的17.67%,凹、凸侧椎弓根分别为24.59%、10.75%;Ⅱa型占总数的16.03%,凹、凸侧分别为21.13%、10.93%;Ⅱb型占总数的66.30%,凹、凸侧分别为54.28%、78.32%。各型凹、凸侧分布比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论基于胸椎椎弓根髓腔内径提出了量化分型标准,Ⅰ型为无髓腔型,椎弓根内径0～1.0 mm;Ⅱ型为有髓腔型,其中Ⅱa型椎弓根内径为1.1～2.0 mm,Ⅱb型2.1 mm。该分型标准可在行PVCR时指导徒手植入胸椎椎弓根螺钉,但其有效性需进一步临床观察验证。     

Comparative analysis of pedicle screw and hook instrumentation in posterior correction and fusion of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis

Posterior correction and fusion with segmental hook instrumentation represent the gold standard in the surgical treatment of progressive idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. However, there is a debate over whether pedicle screws are safe in scoliosis surgery and whether their usage might enable a better curve correction and a shorter fusion length. The details of curve correction, fusion length and complication rate of 99 patients with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis treated with either hook or pedicle screw instrumentation were analyzed. Forty-nine patients had been operated with the Cotrel-Dubousset system using hooks exclusively ("hook group"). Fifty patients had been operated with either a combination of pedicle screws in the lumbar and lower thoracic and hooks in the upper thoracic spine or exclusive pedicle screw instrumentation using the Münster Posterior Double Rod System ("screw group"). The preoperative Cobb angle averaged 61.3 degrees (range 40 degrees-84 degrees ) in the hook group and 62.5 degrees (range 43 degrees-94 degrees ) in the screw group. Average primary curve correction was 51.7% in the hook group and 55.8% in the screw group ( P>0.05). However, at follow-up (2-12 years later) primary curve correction was significantly greater ( P=0.001) in the screw group (at 50.1%) compared to the hook group (at 41.1%). Secondary lumbar curve correction was significantly greater ( P=0.04) in the screw group (54.9%) compared to the hook group (46.9%). Correction of the apical vertebral rotation according to Perdriolle was minimal in both groups. Apical vertebral translation was corrected by 42.0% in the hook group and 55.6% in the screw group ( P=0.008). Correction of the tilt of the lowest instrumented vertebra averaged 48.1% in the hook group and 66.2% in the screw group ( P=0.0004). There were no differences concerning correction of the sagittal plane deformity between the two groups. Fusion length was, on average, 0.6 segments shorter in the screw group compared to the hook group ( P=0.03). With pedicle screws, the lowest instrumented vertebra was usually one below the lower end vertebra, whereas in the hook group it was between one and two vertebrae below the lower end vertebra. Both operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher in the hook group ( P<0.0001). One pedicle screw at T5 was exchanged due to the direct proximity to the aorta. There were no neurologic complications related to pedicle screw instrumentation. Pedicle screw instrumentation alone or in combination with proximal hook instrumentation offers a significantly better primary and secondary curve correction in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis and enables a significantly shorter fusion length.     

PVCR技术治疗重度胸腰椎角状后凸畸形疗效观察

目的探讨一期后路全脊柱切除联合前方钛网支撑治疗重度胸腰椎角状后凸畸形的策略及安全性。方法 2007-01-2012-10,采用后路全脊椎切除(PVCR)联合前方钛网支撑手术治疗18例胸腰椎角状后凸畸形患者,术前、术后和末次随访时分别测量患者后凸Cobb’s角,并评估神经功能ASIA分级。结果本组患者手术均顺利,手术时间250~460 min,平均318 min;术中出血量1600~2600 ml,平均2120 ml,术后Cobb’s角平均10~21°,平均16.6°,矫正率77.8%,术中及术后无脊髓及神经根损伤、大血管及脏器损伤等并发症发生,平均随访时间16.8月,复查X线,后凸矫形无丢失,内固定及椎间植骨融合钛网无移位。结论一期后路全脊柱切除联合前方钛网支撑治疗重度胸腰椎角状后凸畸形是较可靠的手术技术。     

影像导航椎体成形术治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折

目的探讨骨科手术导航系统引导椎体成形术辅助短节段椎弓钉内固定治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折应用的有效性和效果。方法对18例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折采用导航引导下的短节段椎弓钉固定结合钙磷骨水泥灌注椎体成形术,内植完成后即做X线片正侧位摄片与导航路径进行吻合测量。结果本组患者术后内植物位置理想,椎弓钉位置评级理想68枚(94%),3枚突破椎弓根外侧皮质(4%),II级1枚。术后1周离床负重行走。椎体高度丢失恢复40%,随访12个月后显示椎体高度平均改变0.15%,过伸过屈动力摄片显示固定段无异常活动,未发现有椎弓钉松动、断裂病例。结论导航引导椎弓钉植入及钙磷骨水泥灌注椎体成形术,只需1次X线片成像就能做出虚拟的手术环境和路径;使内植物精确植入最佳位置,提高了椎弓钉植入及椎体成形手术的安全性,提高手术疗效。     

Influence of bone mineral density on pedicle screw fixation : a study of pedicle screw fixation augmenting posterior lumbar interbody fusion in elderly patients

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Some biomechanical studies have demonstrated that bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMD) affects the stability of pedicle screws in vitro. PURPOSE: To investigate influence of BMD on loosening and related failure of pedicle screws in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A clinical study of 52 patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation augmenting posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). PATIENT SAMPLE: There were 13 men and 39 women, with an average age of 63 years (range, 45-76 years) at the time of operation. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years (range, 2-6 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between BMD, screw loosening, and its related failures were statistically analyzed. METHODS: BMD was measured by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Radiographic assessments were done by the first author and independently by another orthopedist who was not informed of the values of BMD. RESULTS: The mean BMD of all patients was 0.879 +/- 0.215 (mean +/- S.D.) g/cm2. The mean BMD in patients with and without screw loosening was 0.720 +/- 0.078 g/cm2 (n=11) and 0.922 +/- 0.221 g/cm2 (n=41). There was a significant difference between the mean BMD of patients with and without screw loosening (P<.01). The mean BMD of patients with "union," "nonunion" and "undetermined union" was 0.934 +/- 0.210 g/cm2 (n=40), 0.674 +/- 0.104 g/cm2 (n=4) and 0.710 +/- 0.116 g/cm2 (n=8), respectively. The mean BMD of patients with "union" was significantly greater than those with "nonunion" and "undetermined union" (P<.05). CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that BMD has a close relation with the stability of pedicle screws in vivo, and BMD value below 0.674 +/- 0.104 g/cm2 suggests a potential increased risk of "nonunion" when pedicle screw fixation is performed in conjunction with PLIF.     

Segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis

The role of posterior correction and fusion in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis as well as pedicle screw instrumentation in scoliosis surgery are matters of debate. Our hypothesis was that in lumbar and thoracolumbar scoliosis, segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is safe and enables a good frontal and sagittal plane correction with a fusion length comparable to anterior instrumentation. In a prospective clinical trial, 12 consecutive patients with idiopathic thoracolumbar or lumbar scolioses of between 40° and 60° Cobb angle underwent segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. Minimum follow-up was 4 years (range 48– 60 months). Fusion length was defined according to the rules for Zielke instrumentation, normally ranging between the end vertebrae of the major curve. Radiometric analysis included coronal and sagittal plane correction. Additionally, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement was measured by use of postoperative computed tomographic scans. Major curve correction averaged 64.6%, with a loss of correction of 3°. The tilt angle was corrected by 67.0%, the compensatory thoracic curve corrected spontaneously according to the flexibility on the preoperative bending films, and led to a satisfactory frontal balance in all cases. Average fusion length was the same as that of the major curve. Pathological thoracolumbar kyphosis was completely corrected in all but one case. One patient required surgical revision with extension of the fusion to the midthoracic spine due to a painful junctional kyphosis. Eighty-five of 104 screws were graded “within the pedicle”, 10 screws had penetrated laterally, 5 screws bilaterally and 4 screws medially. No neurological complications were noted. In conclusion, despite the limited number of patients, this study shows that segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure in the surgical correction of both frontal and sagittal plane deformity in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis of less than 60°, with a short fusion length, comparable to anterior fusion techniques, and minimal loss of correction. Received: 23 September 1999 Revised: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 26 January 2000     

椎弓根固定治疗不稳定胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效

目的评估椎弓根固定治疗不稳定胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法1998～2001年,我们对31例T11～L2不稳定胸腰椎骨折患者,行椎弓根固定和横突间植骨治疗,其中男24例,女7例,平均年龄38岁。有或无神经症状的不稳定压缩骨折21例,爆裂性骨折伴不完全截瘫6例,爆裂性骨折伴完全截瘫4例。术前和术后均行X片和CT检查。术后通过平均2年的临床和放射学随访,观察脊柱的稳定性和植骨融合的情况。CT和X片评估标准包括脊柱后突角度、椎体前缘高度的压缩比例和椎管内占位的比例。结果所有椎弓根螺钉在术中的植入过程中都没有出现并发症。术后无1例患者出现内固定的失败或因疼痛原因需要行内固定取出,术后平均4个月出现骨折的愈合和放射学的稳定性。术前平均脊柱后突角度、椎体前缘高度的压缩比例、椎管内占位的比例分别为25°,42%,37%,术后1周平均为9°,10%、13%,术后2年平均为11°,13%、11%。结论后路椎弓根固定是治疗不稳定胸腰椎骨折的一种安全和有效的方法。即使在缺乏后方脊柱完整性的情况下,它仍能提供早期坚强固定,从而维持良好的三柱稳定性。     

关节突自体骨移植后路腰椎间盘植骨融合固定术的临床分析

目的探讨关节突自体骨移植后路腰椎间盘植骨融合固定术治疗椎间盘退变的远期疗效。方法自2001年10月至2007年10月本组收治腰椎退变病人50例(平均53.2岁),用这一方法进行椎间融合,平均随访3年。用日本矫形协会标准(JOA)评分:痊愈率、并发症和X线片的结果进行综合的评定。结果关节突自体骨移植后路腰椎间盘植骨融合固定术,椎间融合率(92.0%),临床效果(JOA评定治愈率78.3%),在治疗椎间盘退变、椎体滑脱锥体骨折取得了良好的效果,术后有3个病人出现了并发症。结论关节突自体骨移植后路腰椎间盘植骨融合固定术治疗椎间盘退变疾病手术疗效满意,显著提高融合率,预防神经根管狭窄、神经卡压的发生,减少术后断钉和椎体滑脱复发等问题。     

单纯后路短节段内固定治疗青壮年胸腰段骨折的中长期疗效观察

[目的]回顾分析青壮年胸腰段爆裂骨折行单纯后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗的临床及影像学特点,探讨其临床疗效。[方法]2002年6月～2006年4月,对54例青壮年胸腰段爆裂骨折采用后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,不行后路植骨,并于术后12～20个月行内固定装置取出。资料完整、得到随访的32例。通过X线片,测量包括Cobb′s角,伤椎上下终板成角及伤椎椎体前缘高度比参数,分析手术前后不同时间的伤椎局部变化情况,并采用VAS(visualanalogscale,VAS)疼痛指数评价病程中腰背痛程度。[结果]术后32例获得随访,随访时间36～56个月,平均43个月。内固定术后复位满意,疼痛缓解明显,椎弓根螺钉断裂4例。随访期间,伤椎椎体高度和伤椎上下终板成角丢失不明显(P0.05),Cobb′s角有一定丢失(P0.05),疼痛程度无明显变化。[结论]对于青壮年,单纯后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定能提供良好复位和高度维持,术后取出内固定装置,可恢复局部运动功能。     

后路钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨应用后路钉棒内固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法 自2009年1月至2010年12月,我科采用后路钉棒内固定系统联合或不联合椎管减压植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折33例,其中,男21例,女12例,年龄21～57岁,平均37.5岁。根据术前脊髓神经损伤Frankel评定分级：A级1例,B级2例,C级2例,D级10例,E级18例,术前Cobb角为23.40±1.64°,椎体平均高度前缘32.02±2.99% 和后缘78.27±1.65%。结果 本组平均手术时间为3.9h（3～5h）,平均出血量为495mL（200～800mL）,术后发生未伤口感染、血肿或其他严重并发症。经术后X线照片检查,未发现内固定材料断裂、松动以及胸腰椎骨折、移位。随访6～24个月,术后Cobb角为3.15±1.64°,椎体平均高度恢复到术后的前缘（90.15±1.72）%和后缘（98.09±1.14）%。神经功能恢复：A级1例,B级0例,C级1例,D级2例,E级29例。结论 后路钉棒系统手术相对简单、操作方便、固定可靠,是胸腰椎骨折的一种有效治疗方法。     

Outcomes of posterior facet versus pedicle screw fixation of circumferential fusion: a cohort study

Purpose

To compare single-level circumferential spinal fusion using pedicle (n = 27) versus low-profile minimally invasive facet screw (n = 35) posterior instrumentation.

Method

A prospective two-arm cohort study with 5-year outcomes as follow-up was conducted. Assessment included back and leg pain, pain drawing, Oswestry disability index (ODI), pain medication usage, self-assessment of procedure success, and >1-year postoperative lumbar magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

Significantly less operative time, estimated blood loss and costs were incurred for the facet group. Clinical improvement was significant for both groups (p < 0.01 for all outcomes scales). Outcomes were significantly better for back pain and ODI for the facet relative to the pedicle group at follow-up periods >1 year (p < 0.05). Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging found that 20 % had progressive adjacent disc degeneration, and posterior muscle changes tended to be greater for the pedicle screw group.

Conclusion

One-level circumferential spinal fusion using facet screws proved superior to pedicle screw instrumentation.     

智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折

目的:评价智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月收治的22例单节段胸腰段爆裂型骨折患者,其中男12例,女10例,年龄32~56(42.4±8.6)岁。22例患者术前均采用自行研制的智能化充气复位仪体外复位,然后行经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、脊柱后凸畸形角度(Cobb角)及椎体前缘高度对患者手术前后的临床特征进行评价并观察其临床疗效。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间1~2.5年,平均18个月。22例骨折均获得愈合,未出现椎弓根螺钉松动、移位、断裂及脊柱后凸畸形等并发症。术前、术后1周及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为7.82±0.85,3.09±0.92,1.05±0.72;ODI评分为84.2±11.2,46.3±9.0,12.2±4.3;后凸Cobb角为(16.3±5.4)°,(3.7±2.2)°,(5.5±2.6)°;椎体前缘高度为(59.5±7.8)%,(86.9±6.0)%,(83.5±5.5)%。VAS评分和ODI评分在术前、术后1周及末次随访,两两时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。后凸Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度,术后1周、末次随访与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1周和末次随访比较差异无统计学意义。结论:智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术具有复位可靠、创伤小、骨折愈合率高和并发症少等优点,是胸腰段爆裂型骨折较好的治疗方案,值得临床推广应用。     

一期后路全脊椎截骨治疗僵硬性胸腰椎后凸畸形

目的评价一期后路全脊椎切除治疗僵硬性胸腰椎后凸畸形临床效果。方法对25例脊柱僵硬性后凸畸形患者采用一期全脊椎切除截骨,对手术前、后Frankel神经功能分级、Oswestry评分进行评定,观察术后恢复情况。结果 25例均获随访,时间14～31个月。脊柱后凸Cobb角:术前为30°～100°(60.3°±7.5°),术后为5°～58°(21.4°±3.4°),矫正率为49.1%～87.6%(62.5%±4.2%);末次随访时为9°～62°(25.9°±5.7°),矫正率为44.1%～85.6%(57.1%±5.1%),丢失6.5°±1.2°。Frankel分级:末次随访时B级2例恢复至C级,C级6例恢复至E级3例、D级3例,D级5例恢复至E级4例、1例无恢复。Oswestry评分:术前为8.2～33.5(17.34±4.2)分,术后为4.1～25.3(11.75±3.5)分,改善率为30.2%～69.7%(45.7%±6.7%)。结论一期后路顶椎附近椎体全脊椎切除治疗脊柱后凸畸形矫正效果满意,疗效良好。     

内窥镜下经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的:探讨在内窥镜下经椎弓根内固定并伤椎椎体内植入异种脱蛋白松质骨颗粒治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果.方法:18例胸腰椎骨折患者,年龄24～72岁,平均39.2岁;损伤节段为T10～L2,均为单椎体中重度压缩性骨折;神经功能按Frankel分级:E级11例,D级7例;采用内窥镜下经椎弓根置钉撑开复位并固定、伤椎椎体内植入异种脱蛋白松质骨颗粒.结果:平均手术时间107min,平均出血量135ml.无感染、神经损伤等并发症.7例术前脊髓功能Frankel D级者术后6例恢复为E级.1例仍为D级.所有病例伤口均一期愈合.平均住院时间为8.3d.随访1～4年,平均25个月,术前、术后和随访时的伤椎前缘高度与相邻上下椎体前缘高度平均值的比值分别为47.9%、95.4%和94.1%.伤椎节段后凸Cobb角分别为27.1°、4.9°和5.6°,椎管矢状径占位率分别为18.6%、8.5%和9.2%,上述3个指标术后与术前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).随访时与术后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).术后1年均复查CT,植骨融合率100%.无螺钉松动和断裂.结论:内窥镜下经椎弓根螺钉内同定并异种脱蛋白松质骨行伤椎植骨成形治疗胸腰椎骨折创伤小、并发症少、能有效恢复并维持伤椎高度.是一种微创而有效的治疗方法.     

Development and validation of a quantitative method to assess pedicle screw loosening in posterior spine instrumentation on plain radiographs

Purpose

Currently, the diagnosis of pedicle screw (PS) loosening is based on a subjectively assessed halo sign, that is, a radiolucent line around the implant wider than 1 mm in plain radiographs. We aimed at development and validation of a quantitative method to diagnose PS loosening on radiographs.

Methods

Between 11/2004 and 1/2010 36 consecutive patients treated with thoraco-lumbar spine fusion with PS instrumentation without PS loosening were compared with 37 other patients who developed a clinically manifesting PS loosening. Three different angles were measured and compared regarding their capability to discriminate the loosened PS over the postoperative course. The inter-observer invariance was tested and a receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was performed.

Results

The angle measured between the PS axis and the cranial endplate was significantly different between the early and all later postoperative images. The Spearman correlation coefficient for the measurements of two observers at each postoperative time point ranged between 0.89 at 2 weeks to 0.94 at 2 months and 1 year postoperative. The angle change of 1.9° between immediate postoperative and 6-month postoperative was 75 % sensitive and 89 % specific for the identification of loosened screws (AUC = 0.82).

Discussion

The angle between the PS axis and the cranial endplate showed good ability to change in PS loosening. A change of this angle of at least 2° had a relatively high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose screw loosening.     

全节段椎弓根螺钉与椎弓根钉、钩系统矫治单胸弯特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的：比较全节段椎弓根螺钉与椎弓根钉、钩系统固定治疗单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者的效果。方法：2002年5月-2003年10月治疗24例单胸弯AIS患者，12例采用全节段胸椎弓根螺钉固定技术进行脊柱畸形的矫正（A组）；12例采用腰或胸腰段椎弓根螺钉＋胸椎钩系统固定矫正畸形（B组）。记录两组的手术时间、失血量和并发症；同时进行影像学检查评价矫形效果；术前、术后及末次随访时行肺功能测试和SRS-24评分。结果：平均手术时间分别为256min（A组）和262min（B组），平均术中失血量分别为735ml（A组）和812ml（B组），均无明显差异；两组均没有出现神经性损害。手术后在冠状面和矢状面上A组胸弯矫正率79．6％；B组胸弯矫正率66．5％，存在显著性差异。A组平均融合10．6个椎体，较B组平均节省了0．8个椎体。术后4年随访时，A组FvC较术前增加0．23L，B组增加0．12L，但组间不存在统计学差异；A组SRS-24评分平均为101，B组平均为108，两组间无明显差异。结论：相对于传统钉钩系统，全节段胸椎弓根螺钉技术可以在更短的固定融合范围内取得并维持更为理想的三维矫正效果。     

椎弓根内固定并后外侧融合治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉内固定并后外侧融合治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法对98例经非手术治疗无效的老年（〉60岁）腰椎管狭窄症患者行全椎板切除减压,植入椎弓根螺钉,并行后外侧融合。结果98例均获得随访,时间15～60个月。根据Nakai标准：优72例,良21例,可5例。结论老年腰椎管狭窄常伴有不稳及关节突增生内聚,在充分减压的基础上,行椎弓根钉内固定并后外侧融合,疗效满意。