多导人工耳蜗的临床应用

目的：探讨多导人工耳蜗植入对深度感音神经性耳聋患者的治疗效果。方法;对１１例深度耳聋患者行Ｍｉｎｓｉ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ２２导和Ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ２４导人工耳蜗植入术,其中语前聋６例,语后聋５例。术后１－１．５个月开机调试。结果;１１例虱全部恢复了听力;语后聋患者不需要经过唇读或简单的语言训练就能进行对话和打电话,患者能回到有声世界进行正常的生活和工作;     

人工耳蜗植入术35例报告

多导电极人工耳蜗植入己经成为解决重度或极重度耳聋听力障碍问题的唯一成熟手段。我科于2011-06-2012-06期间对35例重度和极重度感音神经性耳聋患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术,效果满意,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料35例患者,男21例,女14例;年龄14个月～17岁,平均9.6岁。语前聋33例,语后聋2例。其     

语前聋青少年人工耳蜗满意度问卷设计和调查分析

目的：人工耳蜗植入技术(Cochlear Implant)使双侧重度及极重度感音神经性耳聋的语后聋患者和年龄较小的语前聋患者在言语识别方面改善较大，但对语前聋青少年人工耳蜗植入患者术后是否受益尚存在争议。本文研究语前聋青少年人工耳蜗的获益情况。方法：以语前聋青少年为研究对象，关注交流能力和生活质量改善等情况，设计语前聋青少年CI使用效果和满意度的调查问卷并分析患者人工耳蜗术后获益效果和满意度以及相关影响因素。结果：调查结果显示所有家长均对孩子植入人工耳蜗后的声音获得非常满意，且认为人工耳蜗对整体综合交流能力的改善有一定帮助，患者本人及家长都愿意选择CI。结论：对语前聋青少年CI植入者不应把言语测试识别率得分的提高作为评判人工耳蜗获益情况的唯一标准，还应考虑人工耳蜗在提高患者综合交流能力和生活质量方面的帮助效果。     

人工耳蜗咨询问题解答（1）

我国目前有近二千万听力残疾人士，其中有许多为重度或极重度的感音神经性聋。该类耳聋如果发生于语前聋儿童，极可能发展为聋哑症：发生于语后聋成人，则会造成严重的听力语言交流障碍。多导人工耳蜗的成功应用为帮助该类极重度感音神经性聋患者克服听力残障、重返有声世界提供了非常有效的手段。目前世界范围内已有近３万人工耳蜗使用者，我国近年来成功接受人工耳蜗植入者也已达到近２００例。虽然人工耳蜗的研制和临床使用历史已有３０年以上，我国也曾在８０年代研制和应用过单导人工耳蜗，由于没有语言分析，效果很差。只是在近几年国…     

人工耳蜗咨询问题解答(2)

什么是语前聋与语后聋？ 在学会语言之前发生的耳聋称为语前聋，包括先天性聋，各种婴幼儿时期出现的耳聋。由于语言尚处于发育学习期，如果耳聋严重，且未得到早期干预和康复，将会形成聋哑。 言语形成以后出现的耳聋称为语后聋。什么样的耳聋患者适合接受人工耳蜗植入？ 经使用助听器听力语言康复效果不好的双耳重度或深度的感音神经性耳聋，包括各种先天性耳聋、药物性中毒性耳聋、病毒性感染所致的耳聋、突发性聋以及噪声性聋等。人工耳蜗植入的年龄一般在１岁以上（最适年龄是ｌ～４岁）。一般说来，语前聋患者年龄越小越好，语后聋患…     

Nucleus~(R)22导电子耳蜗在老年人的应用

自Medicare提供Nucleus~(R) 22导电子耳蜗解决语后(postlingual)重度感音神经性聋以来,接受这种治疗的老年患者日益增多。作者用含26项内容的调查表对101例65岁以上因这种耳聋行Nucleus~(R) 22导电子耳蜗植入的患者进行调查,该表包括;①耳蜗植入前病史;②植入后的应用;③语言交流的改善;④生活情况。对67份返回的调查表进行统计学分析结果如     

先天性语前聋中国儿童双耳人工耳蜗植入疗效观察

目的：评估双侧耳人工耳蜗植入对极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿的听觉与言语康复疗效。方法：2例先天性极重度感音神经性聋儿童，单侧耳人工耳蜗植入术后2年和3年分别施行对侧耳人工耳蜗植入。术后1年评估患儿左、右耳单耳及双耳人工耳蜗助听听阈和言语识别率。以及言语清晰度。结果：①双耳人工耳蜗助听与单耳人工耳蜗助听相比。平均听阈降低分别为13dB和11dB；②在安静环境中双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别平均提高为9％和10％，2例双耳人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率(开放项列)分别达97％和95％；③在嘈杂环境中对言语的识别能力明显提高；④言语清晰度有明显改善。结论：双耳人工耳蜗植入可明显提高极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿在安静和噪声环境下的言语识别率，对语前聋儿童的言语和语言发育有明显的帮助。     

人工耳蜗在前庭水管扩大患者中的应用

目的　研究前庭水管扩大患者人工耳蜗植入手术的经验。方法　对 15例 (15耳 )双侧前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术 ,并对术后结果进行随访。经面隐窝径路行人工耳蜗植入术 ,在圆窗龛前下方行鼓岬钻孔 ,植入多导人工耳蜗电极。结果　①术中电极完全插入耳蜗 ,其中 6耳出现轻微井喷 ;②术后无面瘫、脑脊液耳漏等并发症 ;③所有患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉 ;④术后听阈与耳蜗结构正常植入患者无明显区别 (自由声场平均听阈 30dBHL) ;⑤术后语训在北京同仁医院或中国聋儿康复中心进行 ,听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高 ,其中 2例患者已经进入正常学校就读。结论　前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入与耳蜗结构正常患者植入术后效果基本一致 ,人工耳蜗植入可以作为前庭水管扩大伴有重度感音神经性聋的治疗和康复手段     

人工耳蜗在前庭水管扩大患者中的应用

目的 研究前庭水管扩大患者人工耳蜗植入手术的经验。方法 对15例(15耳)双侧前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术，并对术后结果进行随访。经面隐窝径路行人工耳蜗植入术，在圆窗龛前下方行鼓岬钻孔，植入多导人工耳蜗电极。结果 ①术中电极完全插入耳蜗，其中6耳出现轻微井喷；②术后无面瘫、脑脊液耳漏等并发症；③所有患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉；④术后听阈与耳蜗结构正常植入患者无明显区别(自由声场平均听阈30dBHL)；⑤术后语训在北京同仁医院或中国聋儿康复中心进行，听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高，其中2例患者已经进人正常学校就读。结论 前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入与耳蜗结构正常患者植入术后效果基本一致，人工耳蜗植入可以作为前庭水管扩大伴有重度感音神经性聋的治疗和康复手段。     

人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语效果的影响因素

目的〓〖HTK〗探讨影响人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语恢复效果的相关因素。〖HTW〗方法〓〖HTK〗对24例双耳重度或极重度感音神经性耳聋患者,术前进行智力、听力学、影像学检查,配带助听器评估,并严格掌握手术适应证,经乳突－面隐窝进路行人工耳蜗植入术,记载术中情况,术终测电极电阻,术后1个月开机调试,语前聋者进行听觉语言培训,术后追踪随访疗效满意度和言语可懂度,对所得临床资料进行分析。〖HTW〗结果〓〖HTK〗23例耳蜗植入手术一次成功,1例电极移位二次手术成功,术后暂时性面瘫2例、眩晕1例,两周X线颞骨拍片证实耳蜗电极位于耳蜗内,1个月开机调试,全部病例获取听力。3例语后聋患者听觉言语恢复,其他语前聋患者均行半年以上的听觉语言培训,随访4～6年,半开放式言语识别率＞80％,全部患者及家属达到术前的期望值。〖HTW〗结论〓〖HTK〗人工耳蜗是治疗重度极重度感音神经性耳聋及全聋的有效方法,术后效果主要与人工耳蜗植入时的年龄、术前听力与言语基础、听神经及其传导功能、智力、植入电极在规定的部位、术后调机与康复的有效性等关系密切。     

Speech perception after cochlear implantation over a 4-year time period

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term speech perception of cochlear implantees and to compare the developing auditory performance patterns of prelingual children and postlingual deaf adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine prelingually deaf children and 17 postlingually deaf adults who had been followed up for 4 years were included in the study. Speech perception ability was assessed by means of vowel and consonant confusion tests and the Korean version of the Central Institute of Deafness (K-CID) test (performed without visual cues). The test results were analyzed at 3 and 6 months after implantation and then annually. RESULTS: In the prelingually deaf children, the average results continuously improved over the 4-year period. In the postlingually deaf adults, the average results did not improve further after the first 2 years. Individuals with < 5 years of deafness had a faster rate of recovery of speech perception than those who had been deaf for > 5 years. The K-CID scores were negatively correlated with age at implantation for the prelingually deaf group and with the duration of deafness in the postlingually deaf group. Children fitted with implants at a younger age showed better speech perception ability than those fitted with implants at an older age. Interestingly, prelingually deaf children aged 5-7 years at implantation showed the widest variation in individual outcomes. Amongst this group of children with highly variable outcomes, the metabolic status of brain cortices determined by means of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was available for three patients. The individual with the widest hypometabolic area had the best speech perception ability. CONCLUSION: The extent of hypometabolism as assessed by FDG-PET seemed to be one of the major factors predicting the outcome of cochlear implantation.     

Performance of prelingually and postlingually deaf patients using single-channel or multichanel cochlear implants

The auditory and aided lipreading performance of 8 prelingually and 11 postlingually deaf patients who had received a single-channel or multichannel cochlear implant was evaluated during 2 years of follow-up. Although all the patients improved on both closed-set pattern recognition and speech drimination tests and on a Continouous Discourse Tracking task, the most significant improvement was observed in the postlingually deaf patients who were using a multichannel implant. These patients were the only ones to achieve open-set speech recognition in the auditory-only condition. Only small differences were found between prelingually deaf patients who were using a single-channel system and those who were using a multichannel system. The users' evaluations, obtained by means of a questionnaire, were generally positive in all patients. Based on the study results, the authors concluded that it is feasible to use cochlear implants in highly motivated prelingaully deaf patients who have learned to use oral-aural communication.     

Altered Cortical Activity in Prelingually Deafened Cochlear Implant Users Following Long Periods of Auditory Deprivation

Auditory stimulation during childhood is critical for the development of the auditory cortex in humans and with that for hearing in adulthood. Age-related changes in morphology and peak latencies of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) have led to the use of this cortical response as a biomarker of auditory cortical maturation including studies of cortical development after deafness and subsequent cochlear implantation. To date, it is unknown whether prelingually deaf adults, with early onset deafness (before the age of 2 years) and who received a cochlear implant (CI) only during adulthood, would display absent or aberrant CAEP waveforms as predicted from CAEP studies in late implanted prelingually deaf children. In the current study, CAEP waveforms were recorded in response to electric stimuli in prelingually deaf adults, who received their CI after the age of 21 years. Waveform morphology and peak latencies were compared to the CAEP responses obtained in postlingually deaf adults, who became deaf after the age of 16. Unexpectedly, typical CAEP waveforms with adult-like P1-N1-P2 morphology could be recorded in the prelingually deaf adult CI users. On visual inspection, waveform morphology was comparable to the CAEP waveforms recorded in the postlingually deaf CI users. Interestingly, however, latencies of the N1 peak were significantly shorter and amplitudes were significantly larger in the prelingual group than in the postlingual group. The presence of the CAEP together with an early and large N1 peak might represent activation of the more innate and less complex components of the auditory cortex of the prelingually deaf CI user, whereas the CAEP in postlingually deaf CI users might reflect activation of the mature neural network still present in these patients. The CAEPs may therefore be helpful in the assessment of developmental state of the auditory cortex.     

Results of speech perception and speech production training for three prelingually deaf patients using a multiple-electrode cochlear implant.

Five studies were conducted to measure changes in the perception and production of selected speech targets, with training, in three prelingually deaf patients. The two adults and one adolescent were implanted with the Cochlear (Nucleus) multiple-electrode prosthesis. The studies were perception and production of nasal consonants; perception of syllable-final consonants; perception and production of alveolar consonants; auditory-visual perception of alveolar consonants; and perception and production of vowels. Perceptual data were collected in the audition (implant)-alone condition, except for the auditory-visual perception of alveolar consonants where the audition-alone, vision-alone, and auditory-visual conditions were used. Speech perception data in the audition-alone condition were also collected from four postlingually deaf adult implant patients, without training, to indicate differences between the two classes of patients. The three prelingually deaf patients generally showed some improvements in speech production. In perception, improvements were recorded only for individual patients in some studies. The performance of the adolescent was better than that of the two adults in all cases. The perceptual performance of the postlingually deaf patients was superior to that of the prelingually deaf patients in all cases.     

Role of neck ultrasound during follow-up care of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Cantonese language rehabilitation in 28 prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation was evaluated. All patients were implanted with multichannel devices and the operations went smoothly. They all had improved scores on audiological assessments and speech perception tests. The speech evaluation tests included the recognition of sounds, vowels, consonants and tone. Sentence recognition and story comprehension were both improved after training for 2 years. Cochlear implantation is a useful measure for the speech rehabilitation of prelingually profound deaf children when hearing aids are of no benefit. The multichannel implant device is of clinical significance in the rehabilitation of those patients using tonal language.     

Chinese tonal language rehabilitation following cochlear implantation in children

Cantonese language rehabilitation in 28 prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation was evaluated. All patients were implanted with multichannel devices and the operations went smoothly. They all had improved scores on audiological assessments and speech perception tests. The speech evaluation tests included the recognition of sounds, vowels, consonants and tone. Sentence recognition and story comprehension were both improved after training for 2 years. Cochlear implantation is a useful measure for the speech rehabilitation of prelingually profound deaf children when hearing aids are of no benefit. The multichannel implant device is of clinical significance in the rehabilitation of those patients using tonal language.     

Speech perception and speech intelligibility in children after cochlear implantation

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term speech perception and speech intelligibility of congenitally and prelingually deaf children after cochlear implantation. It was a longitudinal study following 63 congenitally or prelingually deaf children up to 5 years after implantation. They each received a nucleus multichannel cochlear implant before they were 10 years old. METHODS: Perception is evaluated using the Test for the Evaluation of Voice Perception and Production (TEPP) and concerns closed- and open-set word and sentence perception without lip-reading. The intelligibility is classified according to the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR). The evaluations have been made every 3 months for 1 year, then at 18 months, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years after the cochlear implantation. RESULTS: After 5 years of implantation, the median percentage of closed-words speech perception (CSW) is 95.5%-93.67% for closed-sentence speech perception (CSS) and 76.3% for open-sentence speech perception (OSS); the median Speech Intelligibility Rating is 3.83. CONCLUSIONS: Congenitally and prelingually deaf children who receive cochlear implant before the age of 10 years develop speech perception and speech intelligibility abilities. The closed-set perception progresses quickly and seems to reaching a plateau at 5 years post implantation. The improvement of open-sentence perception is not significant until the first year post implantation. The speech intelligibility improves regularly the five first year post implantation.     

Development of audiovisual comprehension skills in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the development of audiovisual comprehension skills in prelingually deaf children who received cochlear implants. DESIGN: We analyzed results obtained with the Common Phrases (Robbins et al., 1995) test of sentence comprehension from 80 prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants who were enrolled in a longitudinal study, from pre-implantation to 5 years after implantation. RESULTS: The results revealed that prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants performed better under audiovisual (AV) presentation compared with auditory-alone (A-alone) or visual-alone (V-alone) conditions. AV sentence comprehension skills were found to be strongly correlated with several clinical outcome measures of speech perception, speech intelligibility, and language. Finally, pre-implantation V-alone performance on the Common Phrases test was strongly correlated with 3-year postimplantation performance on clinical outcome measures of speech perception, speech intelligibility, and language skills. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that lipreading skills and AV speech perception reflect a common source of variance associated with the development of phonological processing skills that is shared among a wide range of speech and language outcome measures.     

The influence of contextual information on the perception of speech by postlingually and prelingually profoundly hearing-impaired Hebrew-speaking adolescents and adults.

OBJECTIVE: To study linguistic context effects on speech perception by prelingually (N = 10) and postlingually (N = 10) hearing-impaired Hebrew-speaking adolescents and adults. DESIGN: Participants were cochlear implant surgery candidates with profound sensorineural hearing loss (95 dB HL+). Four levels of speech perception materials were presented through the auditory-visual modality: monosyllabic nonsense syllables (phonological content), monosyllabic meaningful words (semantic-lexical), sentences without presented topics (semantic-syntactic), and sentences with topics (topical). Data were analyzed via percentage correct recognition and via k andj factors (Boothroyd & Nittrouer, 1988). RESULTS: Both participant groups performed better when speech material having more contextual information was presented, with no significant intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: This similar usage of contextual information among prelingually and postlingually hearing-impaired participants is encouraging and suggests the role of factors other than age of onset.