反义T0ll样受体4表达质粒对内毒素刺激小鼠巨噬细胞的影响

目的 研究反义Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达质粒对体外内毒素刺激小鼠巨噬细胞的作用。方法反义TLR4表达质粒的构建，及转染人巨噬细胞株RAW 264．7。在不同时间用不同浓度的内毒素刺激转染细胞及对照组细胞。用半定量RT-PCR技术检测TLR4 mRNA的变化，ELISA方法检测TNF-α水平的变化。结果转染细胞的TLR4 mRNA水平低于对照组细胞。在体外用不同浓度内毒素及不同时间刺激的两组细胞NF-α水平低于对照组细胞。结论反义TLR4表达质粒能够下调体外细胞TLR4 mRNA的表达，降低细胞因子NF-α的分泌。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对THP-1细胞Toll样受体4 mRNA表达的影响

目的　观察不同浓度不同时间下粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G CSF)刺激后 ,THP 1细胞表达Toll样受体 4mRNA以及细胞因子TNF α的变化。方法　实验采用人THP 1细胞 ,以 5 0、5 0 0及 10 0 0ng/mL的G CSF分别刺激 4和 2 4h ,继而以 10ng/mL内毒素刺激 4 5min。以RT PCR法分析Toll样受体 4 (TLR4 )mRNA水平 ,ELISA法测定细胞因子TNF α。结果　细胞经G CSF刺激后TLR4基因表达增加 ,细胞分泌TNF α上升 ,且随着G CSF刺激浓度的增加 ,TNF α分泌随之增加。刺激 2 4与 4h比较 ,TNF α分泌也有增加。结论　G CSF可刺激THP 1细胞TLR4mRNA表达及TNF α分泌 ,且其增加程度与G CSF刺激浓度及刺激时间呈正性相关     

LPS对BALB/C小鼠肾小管上皮细胞TLR4和TNFα、IL-6表达的影响

目的 探讨TLR4在BALB/C小鼠肾小管上皮细胞(TEC)的表达和内毒素/脂多糖(LPS)刺激后TLR4的变化,以及对产生肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响.方法 通过RT-PCR方法 检测TLR4 mRNA、TNFα mRNA和IL-6 mRNA在TEC的表达;流式细胞术检测TEC的TLR4膜蛋白水平;ELISA检测培养的TEC上清中TNFα、IL-6的含量.结果 正常TEC有TLR4 mRNA表达,但TNF αmRNA、IL-6 mRNA表达甚弱.经LPS刺激后,TEC中的TLR4 mRNA、TNF αmRNA和IL-6 mRNA表达均显著增强,TLR4膜蛋白以及培养上清中的TNFα、IL-6水平亦相应增加.结论 TLR4在LPS激活的TEC中表达显著增强,同时TEC分泌的炎症因子TNFα、IL-6的水平也相应上调.     

TLR4 及MD2 反义基因对内毒素诱导的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞活化的影响

目的 观察Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4)及myeloid differentiation protein 2(MD2)反义基因对内毒素(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞NF-κB活化的影响. 方法 培养的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞分为:正常细胞(对照)组、LPS组、LPS+转染空载体组、LPS+转染TLR4反义基因组、LPS+转染MD2反义基因组、LPS+转染TLR4-MD2反义基因组(n=8).Northern blot检测转染细胞的TLR4 及MD2 mRNA表达,Western blot检测转染细胞TLR4及MD2蛋白表达,电泳迁移率改变法检测 NF-κΒ的活性,ELISA测定细胞培养上清中TNF-α和IL-6含量. 结果 与对照组比较,LPS刺激后的细胞TLR4及MD2 mRNA和蛋白表达、NF-κB活性、TNF-α和IL-6的生成均显著增加(P<0.01);而转染反义基因组细胞与其他LPS刺激组比较,TLR4 及MD2 mRNA和蛋白的表达、NF-κB活性及TNF-α和IL-6的含量均明显降低(P＜0.01). 结论 TLR4及MD2反义基因能有效抑制LPS诱导的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞的活化.     

血必净对内毒素刺激的THP-1细胞的影响

 目的 观察血必净对内毒素刺激的THP-1细胞的影响,并探究其是否具有诱导内毒素耐受的作用。方法 THP-1细胞先以不同浓度的血必净（10,25,50 mg/mL）作用不同时间（4,12,24 h),再用内毒素进行刺激。用ELISA法测定上清液中TNF-α水平,Real time-PCR技术检测TLR4和IRAK-M mRNA的表达差异。结果 不同浓度血必净不同时间作用下,各实验组细胞TNF-α分泌水平均无显著变化（P>0.05）。在高浓度（50 mg/mL）血必净组,作用24 h时细胞TLR4表达上调,是4 h时的1.547倍（P<0.05）;在作用24 h后,50 mg/mL血必净组IRAK-M表达上调,是对照组的1.349倍（P<0.05）;但其余各浓度及时间组细胞的TLR4和IRAK-M mRNA表达均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 血必净不能阻断内毒素刺激的THP-1细胞TNF-α的分泌,不能诱导内毒素耐受;高浓度血必净长时间作用后虽可能上调THP-1细胞TLR4和IRAK-M mRNA表达,但确切含义仍不清楚。     

槐定碱对小鼠巨噬细胞TLR4及JNK/c-jun mRNA表达的影响

目的观察槐定碱预处理对LPS刺激RAW 264.7巨噬细胞表达TLR4、JNK和c-jun mRNA及分泌TNF-α的影响,探讨槐定碱抗内毒素机制。方法培养RAW 264.7巨噬细胞,实验分为4组：空白对照组、槐定碱对照组、LPS组、槐定碱预处理组,用RT-PCR技术检测RAW 264.7细胞TLR4、JNK和c-jun的mR-NA表达量,放免法检测细胞培养液TNF-α分泌量。结果槐定碱对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞TLR4、JNK、c-jun的mRNA及细胞培养液中TNF-α基础表达无影响,但对经LPS激活的巨噬细胞的TLR4、JNK mRNA表达有显著抑制作用（均P〈0.01）,c-jun mRNA表达亦降低,但与LPS模型组比较差异尚无统计学意义。槐定碱预处理组细胞液中TNF-α含量显著低于LPS模型组（P〈0.01）。结论槐定碱抗内毒素机制与其抑制LPS引起的TLR4、JNK的mRNA高表达,并减少TNF-α分泌有关。     

GPR40反义RNA对胰岛β细胞内Ca2+浓度及胰岛素分泌的影响

目的应用反义RNA技术特异性下调胰岛β细胞G蛋白耦联受体(GPR40)的表达,观察其对胰岛β细胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)及胰岛素分泌的影响。方法体外分离SD大鼠胰岛β细胞,将GPR40反义RNA表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-GPR40(-)用脂质体体外瞬时转染胰岛细胞,Western blot检测GPR40蛋白的表达,将1.0 mmol/L游离脂肪酸(软脂酸∶油酸=2∶1)与胰岛细胞共培养10,30,60 min,进行高葡萄糖刺激胰岛素释放试验,利用荧光探针Fura-2/AM,测定胰岛细胞[Ca2+]i变化,放射免疫法检测培养液中胰岛素浓度变化。结果与对照组和空白质粒转染组比较,GPR40反义RNA可显著降低细胞GPR40蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05),在各作用时间点,GPR40反义RNA转染组[Ca2+]i显著低于对照组(P<0.05),同时GPR40反义RNA转染组胰岛细胞的胰岛素分泌明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 GPR40介导游离脂肪酸刺激β细胞内[Ca2+]i升高和胰岛素分泌。     

槐定碱对小鼠巨噬细胞TLR4及JNK/c-jun mRNA表达的影响

目的观察槐定碱预处理对LPS刺激RAW 264.7巨噬细胞表达TLR4、JNK和c-jun mRNA及分泌TNF-α的影响,探讨槐定碱抗内毒素机制。方法培养RAW 264.7巨噬细胞,实验分为4组:空白对照组、槐定碱对照组、LPS组、槐定碱预处理组,用RT-PCR技术检测RAW 264.7细胞TLR4、JNK和c-jun的mR-NA表达量,放免法检测细胞培养液TNF-α分泌量。结果槐定碱对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞TLR4、JNK、c-jun的mRNA及细胞培养液中TNF-α基础表达无影响,但对经LPS激活的巨噬细胞的TLR4、JNK mRNA表达有显著抑制作用(均P<0.01),c-jun mRNA表达亦降低,但与LPS模型组比较差异尚无统计学意义。槐定碱预处理组细胞液中TNF-α含量显著低于LPS模型组(P<0.01)。结论槐定碱抗内毒素机制与其抑制LPS引起的TLR4、JNK的mRNA高表达,并减少TNF-α分泌有关。     

针对Toll样受体4基因的小发夹结构RNA对RAW264.7细胞炎症因子分泌的抑制作用

目的构建针对Toll样受体(TLR)4 mRNA的小发夹结构RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体pEGFP-siRNA/TLR4,检测该shRNA诱导的RNA干扰(RNAi)对脂多糖刺激RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子的抑制作用,以探讨针对TLR4基因的RNAi对RAW264.7细胞炎症反应的抑制作用.方法构建携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)及shRNA克隆位点的质粒pEGFP-H1/siRNA,运用网络工具siRNA Wizard(http//www.simawizard.com/)设计针对TLR4 mRNA的寡核苷酸片段.将其克隆入pEGFP-H1/siRNA,构建表达EGFP及TLR4-shRNA的真核表达质粒pEGFP-H1/TLR4-siRNA.运用脂质体转染技术将pEGFP-H1/TLR4-siRNA转染至培养的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7,观察细胞系中荧光蛋白的表达强度;再运用脂多糖刺激转染的RAW264.7细胞,运用ELISA方法检测该细胞系分泌炎症因子水平的变化.结果质粒pEGFP-H1/siRNA及pEGFP-H1/TLR4-siRNA分别用Bbs Ⅰ和MluⅠ酶切电泳后,前者出现4.9 kb和340 bp的的条带,后者出现5.0 kb和220 bp的条带,与实验设计的质粒长度一致,且测序证实克隆序列正确.将pEGFP-H1/TLR4-siRNA转染至RAW264.7细胞后,EGFP的表达率为50%±8%.用脂多糖刺激后,TLR4-SiRNA转染组细胞培养液TNF-α水平(2 h825 pg/ml±136 pg/ml;8 h2190 pg/ml±359 pg/ml)明显低于对照siRNA转染组(2 h1179 pg/ml±240 pg/ml;8 h4720 pg/ml±227 pg/ml,均P＜0.01).结论针对TLR4 mRNA的shRNA可能通过RNAi机制对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的分泌有明显的抑制作用.     

干扰和过表达热休克转录因子2对肠上皮细胞炎症的影响

【摘要】 目的 通过脂质体法干扰和过表达肠上皮细胞的热休克转录因子2（heat shock factor 2,HSF2）,探讨其对肠上皮细胞炎症反应的影响和涉及的信号通路,为溃疡性结肠炎发病机制及诊治靶点提供线索。方法 选取结肠肿瘤上皮细胞Caco 2作为研究材料,采用脂质体法分别转染HSF2 siRNA和pCMV HSF2 FLAG重组质粒,四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测转染前后细胞生理特性的变化;并用脂多糖（LPS）刺激转染组及对照组细胞,Griess Reagent System 测定各组细胞的NO浓度;RT PCR检测细胞炎性酶iNOS、COX 2,炎症因子TNF α、IL 8mRNA转录水平;ELISA检测细胞培养基中TNF α、IL 8含量;Western Blot检测COX 2、IκB、NF κB p65蛋白水平,以及 ERK1/2、JNK和p38磷酸化水平。结果 MTT法检测结果显示,脂质体法转染入siRNA或重组质粒对细胞活性无显著影响;干扰HSF2后,LPS刺激Caco 2产生iNOS、COX 2、TNF α及IL 8,在mRNA和蛋白水平均较对照组表达上调（P＜0.05）,这一过程中信号通路IκB表达降低,而NF κB p65表达升高,MAPK中ERK1/2磷酸化水平降低,而JNK和p38则呈增强趋势。转染入重组质粒过表达HSF2后,结果则相反。结论 HSF2通过增强ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化水平,抑制JNK、P38及NF κB表达,能有效抑制LPS引起Caco 2细胞的炎性酶及炎性因子的表达,在炎症反应中起保护性作用,对研究溃疡性结肠炎的发病机制提供线索,可能成为其治疗新的靶点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.