螺旋CT3D重建对寰枢关节不全脱位的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT三维（CT3D重建诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的临床价值。方法回顾性分析临床确诊寰枢关节不全脱位69例患者的三维影像特点及诊断结果。并比较多层面重建（MPR）、表面遮盖显示（SSD）、最大密度投影（MIP）及容积重建（VR）显乐寰枢关节结构及病变的优缺点。结果三维CT重建诊断寰枢关节不全脱位69例,诊断符合率100％,其中,旋转脱位37例,后脱位18例,前脱位14例,脱位合并骨折10例,显示寰枢关节上、下关节面错位69例,寰齿间隙增宽36例及齿突侧距不对称31例,并骨折29例？与MPR或MIP比较,VR与SSD法三维图像显示征象最直观清楚。结论CT3D重建能直观显示脱位的各种征象,准确诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的类型及脱位程度,为临床诊断及治疗提供客观依据。     

CT三维成像诊断寰枢关节不全脱位的临床价值

目的 评价CT三维成像对寰枢关节不全脱位的显示及诊断价值，探讨最佳三维成像方法。方法回顾性分析41例寰枢关节不全脱位的CT影像学表现，比较横断面图像、多层面重建(multiplanar reformatting，MPR)法、表面遮盖(surface shade display，SSD)法、最大强度投影(maximum intensity projection，MIP)法及容积重建(volume rendermg，VR)法三维图像显示的病变情况。结果寰枢关节不全脱位41例，其中旋转型脱位31例，前脱位5例，后脱位5例。影像学表现为上、下关节面错位41例，其中错位2～5mm 29例、5～9mm 12例；齿突侧距不对称15例；寰齿间隙增宽合并骨折8例。SSI)法三维影像直观显示移位的寰枢关节上、下关节面，齿突侧距不对称及寰齿间隙增宽；横断面图像和MPR、MIP及VR法三维图像显示移位的上、下关节面差、不直观。结论运用CT三维成像能准确显示及诊断寰枢关节不全脱位，并以SSD法三维成像最佳。     

寰枢关节旋转脱位的CT诊断

目的　研究寰枢关节旋转脱位的CT表现并探索其诊断价值。方法　 3 6例寰枢关节旋转脱位患者行CT扫描 ,9例同时行平片侧位或张口位检查 ;6例正常人行功能性CT扫描。结果　 3 6例寰枢关节旋转脱位CT均可清晰显示寰枢椎间固定角度及寰椎移位、寰枢椎骨折、骨性椎管的形态及周围病变等。平片不能显示寰枢椎之间的旋转情况。正常人寰枢关节可向左右旋转 3 3°～60°。结论　CT可以清晰显示寰枢椎之间旋转情况 ,而寰枢之间旋转固定是诊断寰枢关节旋转脱位的重要基础     

螺旋CT后处理技术对儿童寰枢关节半脱位的诊断价值探讨

目的 评价螺旋CT三维后处理技术对儿童寰枢关节半脱位的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析50例寰枢关节半脱位患儿临床及CT检查资料.扫描范围包括C1～33个完整椎体及附件,图像后处理技术包括多层面重建法(multiplanar reformation, MPR)、表面遮盖法(surface shaded display, SSD) 及最大密度投影(maximum intensity projection, MIP)法.结果 50例均出现寰椎侧相移位,其中4例合并寰椎前后相移位,28例合并寰椎旋转.MPR、SSD、MIP 三维重建及横断面图像对寰枢关节半脱位不同征象的显示情况及显示率不同.结论 螺旋CT三维后处理技术在诊断寰枢关节半脱位时,应以横断面扫描图像为依据,同时结合MPR、MIP、SSD等多种后处理方法全方位观察,综合评价.     

螺旋CT多组织三维重建在寰枕和寰枢关节病变中的应用

目的　探讨多组织三维重建方法在寰枕和寰枢关节病变中的诊断作用。方法　 10例正常志愿者 ,42例寰枕或者寰枢关节畸形或外伤者 ,经螺旋CT扫描 ,对枕骨、寰椎和枢椎用同样阈值和灰阶行表面遮盖三维重建 (SSD) ;另对枕骨、寰椎和枢椎单独不同灰阶三维重建 ,再行三维多组织重建 (3DMT)。然后比较两者图像。结果　SSD和 3DMT均清楚显示出寰枕和寰枢之间的解剖结构关系 ,3DMT还能显示单个结构的内外表结构 ,避免相邻结构的重叠和遮挡。 3DMT清楚显示了寰枕融合畸形 ,关节的旋转脱位和椎体的骨折。结论　三维重建在寰枕和寰枢关节病变的诊断中有着重要的意义 ,多组织三维重建技术较常规的三维重建更具有优越性     

CT图像后处理及MR诊断在寰枢关节半脱位的临床分析

目的探讨CT图像后处理及MR扫描在寰枢关节半脱位患者中诊断价值。方法 2010年1月~2013年12月在我院及温州医学院附属第二医院放射科检查的寰枢关节半脱位患者24例,观察X线、CT及后处理、MRI对于24例寰枢关节半脱位患者齿状突是否居中、齿状突断裂、横韧带及脊髓损伤等表现的显示情况。结果 X线检查发现12例患者寰枢关节齿状突不居中,CT扫描、CT图像后重建处理、MRI分别发现22例、24例、20例,CT图像重建及MRI显示齿状突断裂情况较X线及CT扫描更加明显,24例患者寰枢关节处未见骨折征象,脊髓未见明显受压征象;横韧带位于双侧侧块内侧和齿状突后方,T_2WI显示均匀低信号影,MRI显示3例横韧带损伤。结论单纯依靠CT显示寰枢关节齿状突不居中并不能明确诊断寰枢关节半脱位,MRI可以良好的显示横韧带等软组织结构损伤等情况,对寰枢关节半脱位具有重要的诊断价值。     

螺旋CT在寰枢椎病变中的应用

目的 探讨三维CT重建对寰枢椎病变的诊断价值.方法 分析124例寰枢椎病变的三维CT重建图像,并与常规CT和X线平片比较. 结果 124例寰枢椎病变中,骨折42例,旋转性脱位73例,齿状突发育不良4例,先天性畸形5例.其中X线诊断89例,常规CT诊断109例,MIP诊断121例,SSD诊断122例,MPR及VR诊断124例.结论 三维CT重建能发现轻微旋转脱位及伴发的齿状突畸形,是诊断寰枢椎旋转性脱位的最佳方法;寰枢椎骨折的3D和MPR重建是轴位CT扫描有价值的补充,与常规CT和X线平片结合,可明显提高诊断的准确性.     

多层螺旋CT图像后处理技术诊断寰枢椎骨折与脱位价值探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CT图像后处理技术对寰枢椎骨折与脱位的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析36例寰枢椎骨折与脱位患者的临床资料及多层螺旋CT扫描和MPR、MIP及VR后处理图像,通过多平面观察寰枢椎损伤情况,进行综合分析。结果 36例寰枢椎骨折与脱位患者中,齿状突骨折伴寰枢关节半脱位5例,寰椎前弓骨折伴寰枢关节半脱位7例,寰枢关节半脱位8例,枢椎左侧椎板伴横突骨折9例,寰椎后弓骨折3例,寰枢椎突均骨折4例。结论螺旋CT扫描及图像后处理技术可以整体显示寰枢椎的立体解剖结构、评价寰枢椎骨折与脱位,诊断精确度高,为临床诊断、治疗及预后提供可靠依据。     

寰枢关节类风湿关节炎的CT 评价

目的：探讨C T及三维后处理技术在诊断类风湿性关节炎累及寰枢关节中的临床价值。方法分析15例临床类风湿性关节炎确诊病例的寰枢关节CT图像,并利用工作站分别进行多平面重建（M PR）和容积再现（VR）成像等进行CT图像的三维后处理,分析寰枢关节骨质、关节间隙、是否半脱位及方向等CT表现。结果类风湿性关节炎累及寰枢关节的主要CT表现为骨质稀疏（6／15）,骨质破坏（9／15）,关节间隙的变窄或增宽;半脱位7例,其中前半脱位3例,侧方半脱位2例,前后脱位伴侧方脱位2例;2例出现颅底凹陷伴神经病变和椎动脉供血不足,4例因寰枢关节前半脱位引起椎管狭窄,造成脊髓压迫。结论 CT及三维后处理技术在类风湿性关节炎累及寰枢关节的诊断中发挥着重要的临床作用。     

16层螺旋CT重建技术在寰枢椎损伤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT及重建技术在寰枢椎损伤中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院33例寰枢椎损伤患者的16层螺旋CT资料。结果:33例寰枢椎损伤中12例为多处骨折,4例单纯性寰枢关节半脱位,C1骨折13例共17处,C2骨折16例24处,C2齿状突Ⅱ型骨折致寰枢椎脱位6例。轴位CT、多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、容积再现(VRT)显示单纯性寰枢椎关节脱位3、4、4、4处以及C1骨折17、16、17、16处以及C2骨折22、24、24、19处以及齿状突Ⅱ型骨折致寰枢椎脱位5、6、6、6处。结论:16层螺旋CT扫描和三维重建,可清晰显示寰枢椎骨折及脱位情况,可作为寰枢椎损伤检查的首选。     

颌面部骨折并颅颈交界区损伤的CT诊断

目的 探讨颌面部骨折合并颅颈交界区损伤的影像学特点及多层螺旋CT诊断。方法 收集10例颌面部外伤合并颅颈交界区损伤的螺旋CT重建扫描资料，比较常用影像学检查手段的诊断价值。结果 上、下颌骨双骨折并颧弓骨折者5例，下颌骨骨折5例。其中3例合并颞颌关节脱位，3例合并有轻、中度颅脑损伤。合并颅颈交界区损伤有：枕颈脱位2例，枕骨髁撕脱骨折2例，寰枢椎旋转性半脱位6例，结论 颌面部外伤骨折合并上颈椎损伤多为韧带型损伤，影像学特点为小片的撕脱性骨折及枕颈半脱位、寰枢椎旋转性半脱位；多层螺旋CT重建技术是诊断本病的最佳方式；提高对本病的警惕，重视颅颈交界区解剖标志间关系的画线测量是防止漏诊的关键。     

CT patterns of facet fracture dislocations in the thoracolumbar region

Thoracolumbar facets are not as commonly dislocated as are those of the cervical spine. It is, however, crucial to make an early and accurate diagnosis of thoracolumbar facet dislocation since the injury may be unstable and require reduction and internal fixation. This paper presents three major CT patterns of thoracolumbar facet fracture dislocation. The first represents anterior subluxation of the vertebral body with anteriorly locked facets. The second is a lateral vertebral body subluxation with laterally locked facets. The third is an acute kyphosis with little vertebral body subluxation but superiorly dislocated facets. Since the vertebral body subluxation may be missed on axial CT images, these facet-dislocation patterns should be recognized by identifying the paired superior and inferior facets and establishing their congruency. Identification of the facets is accomplished by their orientation with respect to the vertebral body (superior facets are directed posteromedially and inferior facets are directed anterolaterally) as well as by the shape of the articular surface (superior facet articular surface is concave, inferior facet articular surface is flat or convex).     

寰枢关节脱位的影像诊断

寰枢椎脱位是较为常见的上颈部创伤,若不及时诊断治疗常进行性加重,压迫颈髓危及生命。日常工作中常因对寰枢椎旋转脱位影像特征认识不足而导致误诊、漏诊,延误治疗。鉴于此,从齿突距寰椎两侧块间距(寰齿间距),双寰椎侧块冠状面形态、大小,双侧寰枢椎侧块间隙,双侧侧块上下关节面关系及齿突距寰椎前结节间距(寰齿前间隙)等5方面分析寰枢椎相对关系,准确认识寰枢椎正常中立静止状态、相对水平移动、正常旋转时X线及CT表现,以及寰枢椎各类型脱位时X线及CT特征,提高诊断准确率。     

螺旋CT三维重建技术在评价骨与关节损伤中的应用

目的评价螺旋CT三维表面遮盖法重建(SSD)和多平面重建(MPR)对骨与关节损伤的探测能力。方法87例骨与关节损伤患者(包括82例外伤和5例非外伤)均经螺旋CT三维表面遮盖法重建(SSD)和多平面重建(MPR)成像,并与二维CT图像进行对照。结果螺旋CT3DSSD和MPR在显示骨折的部位方面与二维CT基本一致。但在显示骨折部位的解剖关系方面明显优于二维CT。结论SSD和MPR两种方法重建可互为补充,能够立体直观地显示骨折部位及关节脱位,是诊断骨折的有效手段,对制定手术计划有指导意义。     

Craniovertebral junction tuberculosis: a review of 29 cases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the various imaging findings in craniovertebral tuberculosis and the importance of imaging in treatment in these patients. METHOD: A retrospective review of MR and CT scans in 29 patients with craniovertebral tuberculosis was performed. The images were reviewed, paying special attention to both bony (skull base, atlas, and axis) and soft tissue involvement in addition to atlantoaxial dislocation, lateral subluxation of the dens, and compression of the spinal cord. RESULTS: Suboccipital pain with neck stiffness was the most common presenting symptom in our patients. The skull was involved in 19 of the 29 cases, clivus involvement was seen in 11 patients, and occipital condyle involvement was present in 14 patients. Detailed analysis of atlas involvement due to tuberculosis showed the lateral masses to be predominantly affected. The dens was involved in 18 cases (62%). Soft tissue masses in the prevertebral area were seen in 22 patients, paravertebral in 27 patients, and epidural involvement in 25 patients was identified. Atlantoaxial displacement was present in seven cases, lateral mass-dens subluxation in five, and superior subluxation of the dens through the foramen magnum compressing the medulla was seen in two cases. Spinal cord compression with intrinsic cord changes was noted in 12 cases. All patients received multidrug antituberculous therapy for 1 year. The presence of neurologic deficit and instability of the atlantoaxial complex was pivotal in further management in these patients. CONCLUSION: A high degree of clinical suspicion is necessary when confronted with patients with neck stiffness and tenderness over the upper cervical vertebrae. MRI in these patients provides a sensitive method for the diagnosis of craniovertebral tuberculosis.     

Distal radioulnar joint subluxation and dislocation diagnosed by standard roentgenography

The use of standard lateral roentgenography for diagnosing distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) subluxation and dislocation was investigated. Using a wrist support, bilateral standard lateral roentgenograms of the wrist were obtained in 42 patients with normal wrists and in 56 patients with a unilateral wrist injury. In normal wrists the difference between the radioulnar distance in the right and the left wrist did not exceed 4 mm when the difference in the pisoscaphoid distance was less than 3 mm. Of the 36 patients with wrist injury whose difference in pisoscaphoid distance was less than 3 mm, 15 had a radioulnar distance of 5 mm or more, and computed tomography (CT) confirmed DRUJ dislocation in 14. Concordance between lateral roentgenograms and CT was present in 33 of 36 patients (92%). These results demonstrate the value of a standardized technique for bilateral lateral roentgenography in diagnosing DRUJ subluxation and dislocation.     

上颈椎损伤的CT诊断

目的探讨CT对上颈椎损伤的诊断价值.方法19例上颈椎损伤患者,男14例,女5例,年龄9～49岁,平均23岁.采用螺旋CT行薄层扫描,必要时作三维表面重建,或多平面重建.结果椎体骨折13例,环枢关节脱位10例,其中环齿关节脱位7例,单纯枢椎旋转脱位2例,另1例为环椎旋转脱位合并环枢椎嵌插交锁固定.结论CT能明确显示上颈椎骨折、脱位,椎管及脊髓损伤情况,有助于临床及时准确地制订治疗方案.