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1.
Aim of the study
This study investigated effect of a crude extract of Dodonaea viscosa on the proteinase and phospholipase production and adherence to epithelial cells by Candida albicans isolated from HIV positive and HIV negative patients.Materials and methods
Twenty Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV positive and 20 from HIV negative patients were investigated. The isolates were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of crude plant extract and adherence, proteinase and phospholipase production were assessed. The results were analysed using Student's t-test and a two-way ANOVA.Results
Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia inhibited the adherence of Candida albicans to oral epithelial cells (p = <0.01) but no significant effect of the plant extract on proteinase and phospholipase production was observed. Results from Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV positive and HIV negative patients were similar.Conclusions
Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia inhibited the adherence of Candida albicans to oral epithelial cells, which is the initial step of colonization in the infection process. This plant has a therapeutic potential at subinhibitory concentration. 相似文献2.
Palmeira-de-Oliveira A Gaspar C Palmeira-de-Oliveira R Silva-Dias A Salgueiro L Cavaleiro C Pina-Vaz C Martinez-de-Oliveira J Queiroz JA Rodrigues AG 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,140(2):379-383
Ethopharmacological relevance
Thymbra capitata essential oil is traditionally considered to exhibit powerful antiseptic properties, thus being used to treat cutaneous infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thymbra capitata essential oil upon pre-formed biofilm of different Candida strains while comparing it with the activity against planktonic cells.Materials and methods
Fifteen Candida isolates were included, corresponding to clinical and collection type strains. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its composition analysed by GC/MS. Activity upon planktonic cells was evaluated according to M27-A3 macromethod. Its effect upon 24 h preformed biofilm biomass was determined using the crystal violet procedure and the metabolic activity was studied applying the XTT/menadione technique.Results
Biofilm biomass and metabolic activity of all tested species were reduced up to 50% at MIC values. The effect was more pronounced at double MIC values, achieving >80% reduction, except for Candida albicans that presented a more resistant profile (62%).Conclusion
Thymbra capitata essential oil presented an important effect upon Candida biofilms. It is proposed as a valuable antifungal product to be used in an appropriate pharmaceutical formulation for the management of resistant mucocutaneous candidosis. 相似文献3.
Emmanuel Jean Teinkela Mbosso Silvère Ngouela Jules Clément Assob Nguedia Véronique Penlap Beng Michel Rohmer Etienne Tsamo 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2010
Aim of the study
Seven extracts and eight compounds from four selected Cameroonian medicinal plants, Solanecio mannii Hook f. (Asteraceae), Monodora myristica Dunal (Annonaceae), Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel) C.A. Smith (Fabaceae/Mimosoideae) and Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae), traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis, parasites and other infectious diseases, were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (5 species) and Gram-negative (4 species) bacteria species and pathogenic yeasts (2 Candida species), to establish whether or not they have antimicrobial activity and to validate scientifically their use in traditional medicine.Materials and methods
The agar disc diffusion and the microbroth dilution methods were used to determine the zone of inhibition between the edge of the filter paper and the edge of the inhibition area (IZ) and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) respectively.Results
The most active extracts against Candida albicans and Candida krusei were respectively the cyclohexane extract from the fruits of Monodora myristica and the ethyl acetate extract from the stem bark of Albizia gummifera (MIC = 6.3 μg/ml for both extracts). The lowest MIC value (1.6 μg/ml) for purified compounds was obtained on Candida albicans with a mixture of linear aliphatic primary alcohols (n-C24H50O to n-C30H62O), with n-hexacosanol (1b) as major compound and mixture of fatty acid esters of diunsaturated linear 1,2-diols (6).Conclusion
These results afford ground informations for the potential use of the crude extracts of these species as well as of some of the isolated compounds in bacterial and fungal infections. 相似文献4.
Salomé Kpoviessi Joanne Bero Pierre Agbani Fernand Gbaguidi Bénédicta Kpadonou-Kpoviessi Brice Sinsin Georges Accrombessi Michel Frédérich Mansourou Moudachirou Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Cymbopogon species are largely used in folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases some of which related to parasitical diseases as fevers and headaches. As part of our research on antiparasitic essential oils from Beninese plants, we decided to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities of essential oils of four Cymbopogon species used in traditional medicine as well as their cytotoxicity.Materials and methods
The essential oils of four Cymbopogon species Cymbopogon citratus (I), Cymbopogon giganteus (II), Cymbopogon nardus (III) and Cymbopogon schoenantus (IV) from Benin obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by GC/MS and GC/FID and were tested in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum respectively for antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and the human non cancer fibroblast cell line (WI38) through MTT assay to evaluate the selectivity.Results
All tested oils showed a strong antitrypanosomal activity with a good selectivity. Sample II was the most active against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and could be considered as a good candidate. It was less active against Plasmodium falciparum. Samples II, III and IV had low or no cytotoxicity, but the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (I), was toxic against CHO cells and moderately toxic against WI38 cells and needs further toxicological studies. Sample I (29 compounds) was characterised by the presence as main constituents of geranial, neral, β-pinene and cis-geraniol; sample II (53 compounds) by trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, trans-carveol, trans-p-mentha-2,8-dienol, cis-p-mentha-2,8-dienol, cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, limonene, cis-carveol and cis-carvone; sample III (28 compounds) by β-citronellal, nerol, β-citronellol, elemol and limonene and sample IV (41 compounds) by piperitone, (+)-2-carene, limonene, elemol and β-eudesmol.Conclusions
Our study shows that essential oils of Cymbopogon genus can be a good source of antitrypanosomal agents. This is the first report on the activity of these essential oils against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Plasmodium falciparum and analysis of their cytotoxicity. 相似文献5.
Fábio C. Sampaio Maria do Socorro V. Pereira Celidarque S. Dias Vicente Carlos O. Costa Nikeila C.O. Conde Marília A.R. Buzalaf 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim
In the Amazon region of Brazil, the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius (Brazilian ironwood) are widely used as an antimicrobial and healing medicine in many situations including oral infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius fruit extract against oral pathogens.Materials and methods
Polyphenols estimation and spectral analysis (1H NMR) of the methanol extract were carried out. The microorganisms Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei were tested using the microdilution method for planktonic cells (MIC) and a multispecies biofilm model. Chlorhexidine was used as positive control.Results
Polyphenols in the extract were estimated at 7.3% and 1H NMR analysis revealed hydroxy phenols and methoxilated compounds. MIC values for Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei were 25.0, 40.0, 66.0, 100.0, 66.0 μg/mL, respectively. For the biofilm assay, chlorhexidine and plant extract showed no growth at 10−4 and 10−5 microbial dilution, respectively. At 10−4 and 10−5 the growth values (mean ± SD) of the negative controls (DMSO and saline solution) for Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sp. and Candida albicans were 8.1 ± 0.7, 7.0 ± 0.6 and 5.9 ± 0.9 × 106 CFU, respectively.Conclusion
Caesalpinia ferrea fruit extract can inhibit in vitro growth of oral pathogens in planktonic and biofilm models supporting its use for oral infections. 相似文献6.
Vera Francisco Gustavo Costa Artur Figueirinha Carla Marques Paulo Pereira Bruno Miguel Neves Maria Celeste Lopes Carmen García-Rodríguez Maria Teresa Cruz Maria Teresa Batista 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf leaves infusion is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, however little is known about their bioactive compounds.Aim of the study
Investigate the compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory potential of Cymbopogon citratus (Cy) on cytokines production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human and mouse macrophages, and the action mechanisms involved.Materials and methods
An essential oil-free infusion of Cy was prepared and polyphenol-rich fractions (PFs) were obtained from it by column chromatography. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) was identified, by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn. The expression of cytokines, namely TNF-α and CCL5, was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, on LPS-stimulated human macrophages. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, a master regulator of inflammation, was investigated by western blot and gene reporter assay. Proteasome activity was assessed using a fluorogenic peptide.Results
Cymbopogon citratus extract and its polyphenols inhibited the cytokine production on human macrophages. This supports the anti-inflammatory activity of Cy polyphenols in physiologically relevant cells. Concerning the effect on the activation of NF-κB pathway, the results pointed to an inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation by Cy and PFs. CGA was identified, by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn, as the main phenolic acid of the Cy infusion, and it demonstrated to be, at least in part, responsible by that effect. Additionally, it was verified for the first time that Cy and PFs inhibited the proteasome activity, a complex that controls NF-κB activation, having CGA a strong contribution.Conclusions
The results evidenced, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Cymbopogon citratus through proteasome inhibition and, consequently NF-κB pathway and cytokine expression. Additionally, Cy polyphenols, in particular chlorogenic acid, were highlighted as bioactive compounds. 相似文献7.
Brusotti G Cesari I Gilardoni G Tosi S Grisoli P Picco AM Caccialanza G 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,142(3):657-662
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Excel (family Euphorbiaceae) stem bark is used in Cameroon by Baka pygmies as a remedy for wound healing and tetanus.Aim of the study
To characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of the plant.Materials and methods
The essential oil was extracted from the stem bark by dynamic head space and by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC and GC-MS analyses. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal–fungicidal concentration (MBC–MFC) by the micro and macrodilution methods. The following bacteria and fungi were used: Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida albicans LM 450, Trichophyton mentagrophytes LM 230, Trichophyton rubrum LM 237, Microsporum canis LM 324.Results
The hydrodistillation afforded 0.06% (dry weight basis) of pale yellow oil. Thirty-eight compounds representing 90.69% were identified. The major component (36.40%) was found to be (E)-isoelemicin, identified by comparison of its 1H-NMR experimental data, with literature data. The oil showed good antibacterial activity against Clostridium Sporogenes, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes with MIC ranging from 13.5 to 126 μg/ml. A weak antifungal activity (MIC 250 μg/ml) was found against Trichophyton rubrum, only.Conclusions
The antimicrobial activity and the chemical composition of Phyllanthus muellerianus stem bark essential oil are reported for the first time. 相似文献8.
Aim of study
The ethnobotanical study surveyed the different types of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in the south-western region of Nigeria.Materials and methods
Information was collected by interviewing indigenous people, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Collected plant samples were identified and authenticated in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria.Results
A total of 151 respondents were interviewed of which 64% were females and 36% males. This population comprised of herbal medicine sellers (39%), traditional doctors (15%), housewives (24%) and farmers (22%). Twenty two plants species used in the treatment of malaria belonging to 18 families were identified and compiled detailing information such as common and vernacular names, parts used, methods of preparation and previous scientific reports. Of the plants identified during the survey, Azadirachta indica (12.9%), Alstonia congensis (11.9%) and Cymbopogon citratus (11.3%) showed the highest incidence of encounter whereas Nauclea latifolia recorded the lowest incidence of encounter (0.2%). The traditional usage of Persea americana and Ludwigia peruviana in the treatment of malaria is reported here for the first time.Conclusion
Though a large number of traditionally used plants for the treatment of malaria were identified, scientific validation of the traditional claims of anti-malarial properties is imperative. This would establish their candidature for any possible future research for active principles and the possible development of new cheaper and more effective anti-malarial drugs, as well as in the conservation of this rich diversity of anti-malarial plants. 相似文献9.
Ratul Sarkar Sushil K. Chaudhary Amrita Sharma Kirendra K. Yadav Neelesh K. Nema Mamello Sekhoacha Sanmoy Karmakar Fernão C. Braga Motlalepula Gilbert Matsabisa Pulok K. Mukherjee Tuhinadri Sen 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2014
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Marula (Sclerocarya birrea; family – Anacardiaceae) is an African plant, which enjoys wide socio-economic importance particularly in southern part of Africa. The fruits are consumed as food and also as alcoholic beverage (cream liquor). In different parts of Africa, the decoction of the bark is traditionally used for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea, and various other infectious conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-biofilm properties of the methanol extract of Marula bark (stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea), with a view towards combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance often associated with bacterial biofilms.Materials and methods
The standardized methanol extract was initially tested for its antimicrobial property. The crystal violet assay was used for evaluating anti-biofilm (biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeuginosa) activity. Further in order to study the mechanism of anti-biofilm activity, the same was evaluated for understanding its role on various quorums sensing mediated phenomenon (swarming motility assay, protease and pyoverdin assay) that are known to be associated with the formation of biofilms and pathogenicity.Results
The methanol extract showed no inhibition of bacterial growth up to a concentration of 200 µg/ml. Interestingly, the sample produced anti-biofilm activity (around 75% decrease; 100 µg/ml) at sub-lethal concentration. Further it also significantly reduced the QS mediated swarming motility. The release of various virulent factors (protease and pyoverdin) was found to be lowered when pre-treated with the extract.Conclusion
The present study illustrates the anti-biofilm property Sclerocarya birrea. The standardized extract significantly disrupted the quorum sensing mediated production of biofilm formation and also inhibited swarming ability of the cells. The extract displayed a regulatory role on the secretion of protease and pyoverdin, two QS dependent pathogenic factors found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study also validates the ethnobotanical use of Marula. 相似文献10.
Santos AO Ueda-Nakamura T Dias Filho BP Veiga Junior VF Pinto AC Nakamura CV 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2008,120(2):204-208
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Copaiba oil has been used in folk medicine since the 19th century. The use of copaiba oils to treat leishmaniasis is cited in several ethnopharmacological studies. Nevertheless, the potential antileishmania of copaiba oils had not been studied.Aim of the study
Eight different kinds of Brazilian copaiba oils were screened for antileishmanial activity.Materials and methods
The antiproliferative effect of copaiba oil on promastigote and amastigote axenic were determined. To determine the survival index peritoneal macrophage were infected with promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and treated with copaiba oil. The cytotoxic effect of copaiba oil was assessed on macrophage strain J774G8 by assay of sulforhodamine B.Results
Copaiba oils showed variable levels of activity against promastigote forms with IC50 values in the range between 5 and 22 μg/mL. The most active oil was that from Copaifera reticulata (collected in Pará State, Brazil) with IC50 values of 5, 15, and 20 μg/mL for promastigote, axenic amastigote and intracellular amastigote forms, respectively. Amphotericin B showed IC50 of 0.058 and 0.231 μg/mL against promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay showed that this copaiba oil obtained from Copaifera reticulata showed low cytotoxicity against J774G8 macrophages.Conclusion
Copaiba oils showed significant activity against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. 相似文献11.
Zaidi SF Muhammad JS Shahryar S Usmanghani K Gilani AH Jafri W Sugiyama T 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2012,141(1):403-410
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders. In the present study, effect of selected indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan was evaluated on the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a bid to rationalize their medicinal use and to examine the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in gastric epithelial cells.Materials and methods
AGS cells and clinically isolated Helicobacter pylori strain (193C) were employed for co-culture experiments. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and cytotoxic effects of the selected plants were determined by serial dilution method and DNA fragmentation assay respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the effect on IL-8 secretion and ROS generation in Helicobacter pylori-infected cells.Results
At 100 μg/ml, extracts of Alpinia galangal, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum tamala, Mentha arvensis, Myrtus communis, Oligochaeta ramose, Polygonum bistorta, Rosa damascena, Ruta graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, Tamarix dioica, and Terminalia chebula exhibited strong inhibitory activity against IL-8 secretion. Of these, four extracts of Cinnamomum cassia, Myrtus communis, Syzygium aromaticum, and Terminalia chebula markedly inhibited IL-8 secretion at both 50 and 100 μg/ml. Cinnamomum cassia was further assessed at different concentrations against Helicobacter pylori and TNF-α stimulated IL-8 secretion, which displayed significant suppression of IL-8 in a concentration-dependent-manner. Among the plants examined against ROS generation, Achillea millefolium, Berberis aristata, Coriandrum sativum, Foeniculum vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla and Prunus domestica demonstrated significant suppression of ROS from Helicobacter pylori-infected cells (p < 0.01).Conclusion
Results of the study revealed anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected medicinal plants which could partially validate the traditional use of these plants in GI disorders particularly associated with Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, results obtained may lead to possible future candidates of chemoprevention against peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. 相似文献12.
Ethnopharmacological significance
Callitrisendlicheri and C.glaucophylla were highly valued by Australian Aboriginal people for use in medicinal applications. Pine needles were prepared using modalities of either smoking or topical preparations, requiring either aqueous or lipophilic extraction into animal fat. Extracts treated various ailments consistent with pathogenic infection, or other topical or tracheal ailments not clearly elucidated in ethnopharmacological records.Aim of the study
Here we aim firstly to investigate antimicrobial activities of both smoke, essential oil and solvent extracts and secondly to chemically characterise significant volatile compounds potentially related to medicinal or antimicrobial activities.Materials and methods
Essential oils were produced using traditional hydrodistillation of pine needles collected from Callitrisendlicheri and C.glaucophylla. From the same material, solvent extracts were produced separately, using acetone and methanol, and then smoke extracts were produced with separate methods described herein, using fresh needles. All extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial organisms and sporicidal activity against pathogenic fungi (Trichophytonmentagrophytes, T.interdigitalis and T.rubrum).Results
Essential oils produced only modest antibacterial activity and the Callitris endlicheri essential oil had moderate antifungal activity. Smoke extracts demonstrated considerable broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, but solvent extracts demonstrated more selective activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and the yeast Candida albicans. Chemical character of essential oils was consistent with previous studies; however, solvent and smoke extracts from fresh needles produced high concentrations of potentially medicinal abietane diterpenes, specifically pisiferal, pisiferol and ferruginol; well known from Japanese species with demonstrated bioactivity.Conclusion
The occurrence of these diterpenes and other phenolics, in conjunction with significant antimicrobial activities from the various extracts, is in alignment with the use of Australian Callitris species in Aboriginal medicinal practice. 相似文献13.
Belsem Marzouk Zohra Marzouk Rachel Dcor Hayet Edziri Ehsen Haloui Nadia Fenina Mahjoub Aouni 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009,125(2):344-349
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Resistance to current antibacterial drugs and the rise of opportunistic fungal infections are growing global concerns. Traditional medicine is a potential source of new antibacterials and antifungals. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) endemic in Southern Tunisia, is used in folk medicine against dermatological, gynaecological and pulmonary infections.Aim of study
To assess in vitro antibacterial and anticandidal activity of aqueous and diluted acetone extracts of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. MIC and MBC/MFC were determined for plant organs at different maturation stages.Materials and methods
Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. was harvested and its identification was verified. Aqueous and diluted acetone extracts (from the plant's roots, stems, leaves and three maturation stages of its fruit and seeds) were screened for activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis)—and various Candida spp. (Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida kreusei).Results
All extracts showed activity against all strains. The highest MICs and MBCs/MFCs were obtained from the fruit aqueous extracts (MIC 0.10 mg/ml against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, 0.20 mg/ml against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), lowest activity from the root extracts.Conclusions
Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. shows antibacterial and anticandidal properties. The folk medicinal use as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent is validated. 相似文献14.
Jean De Dieu Tamokou Michel F. Tala Hippolyte K. Wabo Jules Roger Kuiate Pierre Tane 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The plant, Vismia rubescens (Guttiferae) is popularly used in Cameroon and in several parts of Africa as febrifugal and for the treatment of various microbial infections (skin diseases, diarrhoea and venereal diseases).Aim of the study
This study was mapped out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from the stem bark of Vismia rubescens.Materials and methods
Structures of the compounds obtained after column chromatography of the methanol-soluble fraction were determined by spectroscopy and in comparison with published data. The broth micro-dilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities against three bacteria species (Salmonella typhi, Stahylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and four yeast species (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans).Results
Chemical analysis of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Vismia rubescens yielded five known compounds 1,4,8-trihydroxyxanthone (1), 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (2), physcion (3), friedelin (4) and friedelanol (5). The crude extract and compounds 1, 2 and 3 exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities that varied between the microbial species (MIC = 3.12–1000 μg/ml). Compounds 2 and 3 were the most active (MIC = 3.12–100 μg/ml) while Stahylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to all the tested compounds. The antimicrobial activity of this plant as well as that of compounds 1 and 2 is being reported here for the first time.Conclusion
These results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of this plant as well as some of the isolated compounds in the treatment of skin diseases and diarrhoea. 相似文献15.
Venera Cardile Alessandra Russo Carmen Formisano Daniela Rigano Felice Senatore Nelly Apostolides Arnold Franco Piozzi 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Aim of the study
Salvia bracteata Banks et Sol. and Salvia rubifolia Boiss. are known in folk medicine of Lebanon for the treatment of microbial infections, cancer, urinary and pulmonary problems. In the present study the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aerial parts of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia collected in Lebanon were evaluated. The oils were also tested for their potential antiproliferative effects against M14 human melanoma cells.Material and methods
The oils were studied by GC and GC–MS and their antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC) was tested against ten bacteria species using the broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells (measurement of cell vitality, cell membrane integrity and genomic DNA fragmentation) was studied using MTT assay, calculation of LDH release and COMET assay.Results
The oils showed a good antibacterial activity (MIC = 50 μg/ml) against Gram+ bacteria. They besides exhibited an inhibitory effect on the human cancer cells examined inducing also apoptotic cell death, but the oil of Salvia rubifolia was significantly (p < 0.001) more active as compared to the oil of Salvia bracteata.Conclusion
The results on the pharmacological activities of these Salvia species provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of these plants in traditional herbal preparations. 相似文献16.
Charles Mutai Christine Bii Constantinos Vagias Dennis Abatis Vassilios Roussis 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2009
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth (Leguminosae) is a subtropical medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional African medicines against various diseases such as pneumonia and malaria.Aim of the study
The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of extracts from the stem bark of Acacia mellifera.Materials and methods
The extracts were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activity using the disc-diffusion method against bacterial strains: Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and fungal strains Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Candida krusei (ATCC 6255), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 6603) and clinical isolates of Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.Results
Some of these extracts were found to be active against some bacterial and fungal strains and were further fractionated to give 12 pure compounds. The methanolic and methanol:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. The two were active against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Activity guided fractionation led to isolation of two active compounds: 3-(Z)-cis coumaroylbetulin and 30-hydroxylup-20 (29)-en-3β-ol which were against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853).Conclusions
These results may partly explain and support the use of Acacia mellifera stem barks for the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Kenya medicine. 相似文献17.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
The leaves of Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia (DVA) are traditionally used for the treatment of fever, colds, oral thrush, toothaches and related problems. Streptococcus mutans is implicated in many oral infections. This study investigated the inhibitory activity of DVA extract against Streptococcus mutans and its biofilm.Materials and Methods
Crude extract of the leaves was prepared using methanol. The time-kill curve for Streptococcus mutans at different concentrations of methanol extract after 6 and 24 h was determined. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans were grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of extract (0.78 mg/ml) for 30 h and the bacterial counts were obtained after 6, 24 and 30 h. The chemical profile of the crude extract was obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results
The reduction of Streptococcus mutans was concentration and exposure time dependent. The crude extract killed 48% of S. mutans at a lowest concentration of 0.1 mg/ml and 100% at 25 mg/ml after 6 h. Biofilm formation was reduced by 95, 97 and 99% after 6, 24 and 30 h of exposure to the subinhibitory concentration of crude extract respectively. GC–MS analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols such as catechin or chromene groups, chalcones with trimethoxyphenyl group and tannin with 4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside. At high concentration the crude extract was bactericidal to Streptococcus mutans but subinhibitory concentration significantly reduced the planktonic cells and biofilm formation.Conclusions
These results suggest that this plant has the potential to be used to control S. mutans and its biofilm which are responsible for oral infections. 相似文献18.
L.N. Misra N.A. Vyry Wouatsa Shiv Kumar R. Venkatesh Kumar Francois Tchoumbougnang 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Zanthoxylum leprieurii (Syn. Fagara leprieurii) is a plant extensively used by traditional healers in Cameroon for the treatment of stomach disorders, gonorrhea, intestinal parasites and sterility. The infusion from the fruit is taken in Cameroon for the treatment of sickle cell anemia, as well. Similarly, the roots of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Syn. Fagara zanthoxyloides) are also used for wound dressing, sickle cell anemia and as pain reliever, in addition to the uses mentioned for Zanthoxylum leprieurii.Aim of the study
To scientifically validate their traditional use, the in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer assays were performed. In addition, chemical compositions of their fruit extracts and essential oils were also studied.Material and methods
The chemical compositions of their essential oils and methanol extracts were studied. GC and GC–MS were used for analyzing the essential oils while various chromatographic methods were used to isolate the pure compounds from methanol extracts. MTT assay was used for the cytotoxic studies of methanol extracts, their fractions and some pure compounds. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts, some isolated compounds as well as essential oils was tested against a panel of human pathogenic bacteria by diffusion and dilution methods.Results
The principal constituents of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides were identified as citronellol and geraniol whereas Zanthoxylum leprieurii was rich in E-β-ocimene. Furthermore, we report for the first time, the presence of 7,8-dimethoxycoumarin and sinapic acid in the methanol extract of Zanthoxylum leprieurii. In vitro bioassays reveal that the methanol extracts, essential oil and some of the isolated compounds from fruits of both the plants exhibit moderate anticancer and antimicrobial activities.Conclusion
Altogether, the present findings justify the traditional use of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Zanthoxylum leprieurii in the treatment of stomach disorders and cancer disease. The antimicrobial properties in the essential oil of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides are of additional significance. 相似文献19.
Aim of the study
Despite the extensive traditional use of Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus for medicinal purposes, scientific studies validating the therapeutic properties of this indigenous plant are lacking. As the bark, roots and leaves of C. gratissimus are used separately as well as in combination, this study focused on determining antimicrobial efficacies of the plant parts independently and in combination to assess possible pharmacological interactions (e.g. synergy, antagonism).Material and Methods
The hydro-distilled leaf essential oil and extracts of bark, root and leaf were comparatively assessed for antimicrobial activity by means of microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) were determined for the leaf and root (1:1), bark and root (1:1), leaf and bark (1:1) combination. Isobolograms were plotted to demonstrate interactions between various ratios of the roots and leaves.Results
The MIC and FIC results indicated variable efficacies for the various plant part combinations, the greatest of which was noted for Cryptococcus neoformans in the root and leaf combination (MIC 0.4 mg/ml and FIC of 0.4). Isobolograms indicated the greatest synergy for Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.Conclusion
The observed synergistic interactions clearly indicate that the reductionist approach may often be short-sighted and that biological activity may be improved through combination therapy, where different complex metabolic pools collectively contribute to the enhanced effect. 相似文献20.