阴茎切除术和同期改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌10例的近期疗效

目的 总结阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌的近期临床效果.方法 术前5-7天使用抗菌药,阴茎局部及腹股沟区高锰酸钾溶液泡洗,先行阴茎部分切除术或阴茎全切+会阴尿道造口术,同期行改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.清扫时皮肤切缘缝线作为牵引,沿浅筋膜浅层和浅筋膜深层之间少血管平面分离,术后皮瓣下置多孔引流管接负压吸引,皮瓣用丝线固定于相应位置的深筋膜处,皮缘处分浅筋膜浅层,皮肤两层缝合.结果 中位术后住院日14天(范围10～18天),出院时伤口痊愈或仅有小的并发症.伤口部分裂开1侧.皮肤切口边缘坏死6侧(30%),无腹股沟皮瓣感染或深静脉血栓.无下肢淋巴水肿、淋巴囊肿或血肿.随访1-28个月.平均18个月.无瘤生存10例,无阴茎或腹股沟处复发.结论 阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌,并发症发生率无增高.采用改良的腹股沟清扫术可以降低并发症的发生率.由于病例数少,随访时间短,对预防腹股沟淋巴结复发和提高患者长期生存率有待进一步的临床研究.     

阴茎切除术和同期改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌10例的近期疗效

目的 总结阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌的近期临床效果.方法 术前5-7天使用抗菌药,阴茎局部及腹股沟区高锰酸钾溶液泡洗,先行阴茎部分切除术或阴茎全切+会阴尿道造口术,同期行改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.清扫时皮肤切缘缝线作为牵引,沿浅筋膜浅层和浅筋膜深层之间少血管平面分离,术后皮瓣下置多孔引流管接负压吸引,皮瓣用丝线固定于相应位置的深筋膜处,皮缘处分浅筋膜浅层,皮肤两层缝合.结果 中位术后住院日14天(范围10～18天),出院时伤口痊愈或仅有小的并发症.伤口部分裂开1侧.皮肤切口边缘坏死6侧(30%),无腹股沟皮瓣感染或深静脉血栓.无下肢淋巴水肿、淋巴囊肿或血肿.随访1-28个月.平均18个月.无瘤生存10例,无阴茎或腹股沟处复发.结论 阴茎切除术和改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术同期治疗阴茎癌,并发症发生率无增高.采用改良的腹股沟清扫术可以降低并发症的发生率.由于病例数少,随访时间短,对预防腹股沟淋巴结复发和提高患者长期生存率有待进一步的临床研究.     

阴茎癌切除同期行改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的可行性研究

目的 探讨同期行阴茎癌原发病灶切除和改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2010年6月55例同期行阴茎癌切除和改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的患者资料.患者年龄27～73岁,平均49岁.行同期改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术107侧,1侧行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术之前曾行大隐静脉抽出术,2侧行同期经典根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术. 结果 107侧改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后发生切口感染1侧次(0.9％),下肢淋巴水肿18侧次(16.8％),皮瓣坏死6侧次(5.6％).每侧切除淋巴结3 ～23枚,平均11枚.3年总生存率为84％. 结论 阴茎癌切除同期行改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术可保证控瘤效果,不增加手术后并发症,是适合阴茎癌患者的治疗策略.     

改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌26例报告

目的：探讨改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用,为临床治疗阴茎癌提供新的方法。方法：采用改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌患者26例,并对患者的治疗结果进行临床观察。结果：每侧平均浅组清扫出淋巴结13．2枚（10～19枚）,深组清扫出淋巴结2．1枚（1～4枚）。术后早期主要并发症为皮瓣皮缘坏死,2侧轻度,1侧中度,无一例患者发生淋巴瘘及淋巴囊肿。晚期并发症为轻度双下肢水肿,共4例（15．4%）。26例患者平均随访时间为34．2个月（14～86个月）,总体无瘤生存率为80．8％,其中N0为100％（17／17）,N1为80％（4／5）,N2为0（0／4）。结论：改良腹股沟淋巴结清扫术具有手术效果好、并发症少的特点,有助于提高患者的治疗效果。     

阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫术72例临床分析

术前对４７例腹股沟肿大的前哨淋巴结作了活检和穿刺涂片细胞学检查，发现１５例有癌转移，阳性率为３１．３％。术后清扫标本病检证实３２例前哨啉巴结阴性者，其它淋巴结构未见癌转移。提示，前哨啉巴结活检有其可靠性，可为发现阳性者及时提供清扫术的指征。     

阴茎癌的髂腹股沟淋巴结清扫

淋巴结清扫手术是治愈阴茎癌的重要手段,同时也有很多的并发症。临床的争论在于如何选择性的施行手术,制定合理的手术范围,减少手术并发症。本文就这些问题作初步探讨。     

同期改良根治腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌:疗效和并发症

阴茎癌曾为我国发病率最高的男性泌尿系恶性肿瘤,随着大众卫生条件的改善,发病率逐步下降,已成为少见肿瘤。腹股沟淋巴结转移状态是影响阴茎癌患者生存最重要的因素之一[1],因此腹股沟淋巴结清扫术对阴茎癌患者的预后具有重要价值[2]。     

阴茎癌治疗中的腹股沟淋巴结清扫术

阴茎鳞状细胞癌(penile squamous cell carcinoma,PSCC)是一种罕见的生殖器恶性肿瘤。其主要预后因素仍是淋巴结是否存在转移以及淋巴结转移的程度。多年以来,根治性腹股沟淋巴结切除术虽然一直是区域淋巴结治疗的基石,但其仍与显著的术后并发症和心理障碍相关,且在泌尿肿瘤学界在关于根治性腹股沟淋巴结切除术治疗PSCC的最新进展中存在部分争议。本文旨在讨论目前关于腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗的作用及可能存在的争议。     

阴茎癌改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术25例报告

目的：将阴茎癌腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术进行改良,以期降低术后并发症的发生率及其严重程度.方法：2000～2008年对25例阴茎癌患者施行改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术.清扫范围包括腹股沟浅组和深组淋巴结,清除区域内Scarper＇s筋膜下脂肪及纤维组织,不切断大隐静脉主干,旋转带精索的睾丸及鞘膜覆盖股管,而不离断和转移缝匠肌.结果：两侧腹股沟区淋巴结共检出432枚,平均17.3枚,病理证实阳性共17例29枚淋巴结,68%的患者淋巴结转移.术后1例患者出现高热、切口感染、皮缘坏死及远期并发症,另有16%的单侧腹股沟区域出现局部并发症,包括皮缘轻度坏死及愈合延迟、阴囊水肿、淋巴漏.无一例出现严重的大片皮肤坏死、股血管损伤、淋巴管瘤、下肢运动障碍等严重的并发症.五年无进展生存率和总生存率分别为72%和76%.结论：改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫手术保证根治性清扫范围的同时,减少了手术并发症.     

腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用

目的:探讨腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在阴茎癌治疗中的作用,为临床治疗阴茎癌提供成功案例.方法:对15例阴茎癌而接受腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的患者进行临床治疗观察.结果:术后病理检查均发现13例有腹股沟淋巴结转移,2例有淋巴结增大,均诊断为鳞状细胞癌.结论:阴茎癌容易并发腹股沟淋巴结转移,建议常规行预防性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术,这有助于提高患者的生存率.     

Morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy for invasive penile carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and the consequences of complications related to modified and radical inguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with invasive penile carcinoma, defined by invasion of the corpus spongiosum or cavernosum (> or =T2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 modified (67.0%), and 58 radical (33.0%) inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed in 88 patients between 1989 and 2000. To decrease the morbidity, radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was proposed only in patients with palpable inguinal lymph nodes, uni- or bilaterally (N1 or N2). Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed bilaterally in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes (N0), and unilaterally in the side without inguinal metastases in N1 patients. Complications were assessed retrospectively with a median follow-up of 46 months and classified as early (event observed during the 30 days after the procedure) or late (event present after hospitalisation or after the first months). RESULTS: A total of 74 complications after 176 procedures were recorded. After modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, 8 early (6.8%) and 4 late (3.4%) complications were observed. There were a total of 110 dissections with no complications and 8 dissections with 1 or 2 complications. After radical inguinal lymphadenectomy, the morbidity increased with 24 early (41.4%) and 25 late (43.1%) complications, observed in only 18 of 58 radical procedures. Leg oedema was the most common late complication, interfering with ambulation in 13 cases (22.4%). CONCLUSION: Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, with saphenous vein sparing and limited dissection offers excellent functional outcome in patients with invasive penile carcinoma and nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. The morbidity after radical lymphadenectomy still significant, especially in patients with multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes treated by pelvic and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy.     

Long-term followup of penile carcinoma treated with penectomy and bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy

PURPOSE: We evaluated modified inguinal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of penile carcinoma, analyzing the rate of complications compared to complete inguinal lymphadenectomy, the complications in performing lymphadenectomy and penectomy concomitantly, and the long-term locoregional recurrence rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were clinically assessed, and underwent penectomy and bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy at the same operative time. Frozen section analysis of lymph nodes was performed and if metastases were detected a complete ipsilateral inguinal dissection was performed. RESULTS: A total of 52 modified lymphadenectomies were performed. In 10 procedures lymph node metastasis was present. Clinical staging presented false-positive and false-negative rates of 50% and 7.9%, respectively. The complication rate for modified lymphadenectomy was 38.9% and for complete inguinal lymphadenectomy it was 87.5%. Followup ranged from 5 to 112 months and mean followup of recurrence-free cases was 78 months (range 38 to 112). A total of 18 patients underwent bilateral negative modified inguinal lymphadenectomy and 2 of these experienced locoregional recurrence within 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy causes a lower complication rate than complete inguinal lymphadenectomy. Bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy performed at the same time as penectomy does not increase the complication rate. When frozen section analysis is negative bilaterally, 5.5% of inguinal regions might still harbor occult metastasis. Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy is recommended as a staging procedure in all patients with T2-3 penile carcinoma. A straight followup is required for 2 years since all recurrence was within this period.     

改良技术减少阴茎癌根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后皮瓣坏死的效果分析

目的 探讨改良技术减少阴茎癌根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术后皮瓣坏死的方法与疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2002年6月至2010年6月63例阴茎癌126侧改良根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术患者资料,清扫范围按照经典的根治性腹股沟淋巴结清扫术方法,减少皮瓣坏死改良技术包括:S形切口,在膜性解剖标志引导下精确分离皮瓣层面. 结果 63例随访12～ 93个月,共发一并发症37侧次,其中轻度皮瓣坏死7侧次(5.6％),切口感染3侧次(2.4％),淋巴水肿19侧次(15.1％),血清肿2侧次(1.6％),淋巴囊肿5侧次(4.0％),下肢深静脉血栓形成1侧次(0.8％).未发生并发症106侧(84.1％),发生1次或2次轻度并发症20侧次(16.0％). 结论 改良根治腹股沟性淋巴结清扫术中采用S形切口和膜性解剖标志精确分离皮瓣层面技术,可减少术后皮瓣坏死发生率.     

腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗阴茎癌及生殖肿瘤的初步临床体会

目的:总结腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术术后并发症及控瘤效果。方法:回顾分析为10例男性患者(14侧)行腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的临床资料。股三角尖部下约3 cm处做10 mm观察孔,另两个切口分别位于距第一切口约6 cm的股三角外侧及内侧(10 mm、5 mm)。分离皮瓣后,以大隐静脉为解剖标志,清扫浅组及深组淋巴脂肪组织,手术清扫范围同开放根治术。记录手术清扫的淋巴结,分析并发症发生原因。结果:手术时间每侧平均(130±24.9)min,每侧平均清扫淋巴结(12.1±1.2)枚,每天每侧引流量平均(60.3±37.3)ml。3例患者发生轻微并发症,1例术中出现高碳酸血症及皮下气肿,1例术后发生50 ml的血清肿,1例手术部位出现180 ml的淋巴液肿。平均随访(24±11.7)个月,无肿瘤复发及其他并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜腹股沟淋巴结清扫术治疗转移性阴茎癌及恶性生殖肿瘤是可行的,不仅可明显减少术后并发症,而且控瘤效果令人满意。但应进行大宗病例的研究,并长期随访以评价其控瘤效果及潜在并发症。     

Single-position robot-assisted versus laparoscopic antegrade bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer: A retrospective controlled study

ObjectivesThe main purpose of this study was to compare the surgical strategy and clinical outcomes of single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.Materials and methods21 patients were diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma and identified from March 2010 to December 2020 in our department. Ten patients were received single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy (robot-assisted group), and eleven patients underwent laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (laparoscopic group). Preoperative physical examination and related auxiliary examinations all indicated bilateral inguinal lymph node enlargement, and there was no distant metastasis patient presented during the follow-up period.ResultsThere was no intraoperative conversion to open surgery. The operation time under robot-assisted group was 104 ± 13 min which was significantly shorter than laparoscopic group (136 ± 11 min, P < 0.01). The average number of lymph nodes was 22.2 ± 4.5 of both sides in robot-assisted group, which was statistically different compared with laparoscopic group (15.4 ± 3.1, p < 0.01). Moreover, there was significant difference of hospitalization cost between two groups (CNY 67429 ± 5586 vs 28582 ± 3774, P < 0.01). No differences in operation time, blood loss, and length of stay were recorded.ConclusionsThe single-position robotic assisted laparoscopic anterograde bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy reveals with shorter operating time, and better surgical effect, Moreover, we prefer to no change the trocars layout and mechanical arm system during the operation.     

改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术医护配合

目的 总结探讨改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术（VEIL）的医护配合经验,为更好配合内镜手术开展及推广提供支持.方法 回顾性总结我院2010年4月至2013年12月9例行双侧改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术的阴茎癌患者医护配合特点,统计相关数据.结果 9例患者（18侧）手术在医护配合下均成功完成,单侧手术时间79～121 min,平均时间97 min,手术清扫淋巴结7～11个,平均8个,每例患者术中出血量45～90 ml,平均51ml,无中转开放,无术中并发症;术后除1例患者发生淋巴漏外,无一例发生皮瓣坏死或切口延迟愈合,无出现腘窝血管压迫及压疮.结论改良内镜下腹股沟淋巴结清扫术在保证肿瘤根治效果的同时降低了手术难度,降低了并发症发生率,注意术中医护配合细节,可更好的完成手术,利于该术式规范化及推广.