腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐原因分析及早期护理干预

目的：小剂量地塞米松,恩丹西酮对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心和呕吐（PONV）有预防作用,二者效果尚未评价,对此预防效果作临床观察。方法：对60个择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术的病人进行随机、双盲、安慰剂的比较。空腹前将地塞米松组（D组）静注地塞米松5mg;恩丹西硐（O组）静注恩丹西硐4mg,安慰剂组（A组）静注生理盐水。结果：在超过3次呕吐经历（P〈0．05）,D组和。组明显减少了恶心和呕吐（PONV）的发生（P〈0．01）,D组和O组无显著差异。结论：预防性静注小剂量地塞米松或恩丹西酮4mg明显降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的恶心和呕吐发生率,较安慰剂优。     

地塞米松联合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心、呕吐

目的:探讨地塞米松联合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法:180例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级LC术患者,随机分成3组,各60例,A组术前静脉注射生理盐水10 ml,B组、C组术前分别静脉注射地塞米松10 mg、地塞米松10mg和氟哌利多20μg/kg,观察术后48 h患者的恶心、呕吐情况。结果:A组恶心、呕吐的发生率为68.3%,B组、C组恶心呕吐的发生率分别为26.7%和8.3%,各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论:地塞米松复合小剂量氟哌利多能减少术后恶心、呕吐。     

地塞米松联合恩丹西酮对术后硬膜外吗啡持续镇痛所致恶心呕吐的影响

目的:观察地塞米松联合恩丹西酮对术后患者硬膜外腔吗啡镇痛所致恶心呕吐的防治效果.方法:随机将240例在腰硬联合麻醉下行腹部手术的女性患者分为四组:对照(A)组于手术关腹膜时静脉注射生理盐水4 ml;恩丹西酮(B)组静脉注射恩丹西酮8 mg;地塞米松(C)组静脉注射地塞米松10 mg;恩丹西酮与地塞米松联合(D)组静脉注射地塞米松10 mg 恩丹西酮8 mg.所有患者在手术后均接受硬膜外吗啡镇痛.观察术后48 h内患者镇痛效果和恶心呕吐发生情况.结果:各组间镇痛效果无明显差异.A组恶心呕吐发生率为52.6%,明显高于B组和C组,P＜0.05;D组恶心呕吐发生率为17.5%,与A组比较,P＜0.01,与B组和C组比较,P＜0.05.结论:地塞米松和恩丹西酮单独应用均能有效地减少术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛所致的恶心呕吐;两药联合应用可进一步降低患者的恶心呕吐发生率.     

格拉司琼预防颅脑外科手术后恶心呕吐的临床研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the prophylactic effect of granisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after supratentorial craniotomy. METHODS: Seventy ASA I-II patients undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy were randomly and double-bindly divided into two groups: control group (Group C, n = 35) and granisetron group (Group G, n = 35). All the patients received either 0.9% NS (Group C) or granisetron 3 mg (Group G) via intravenous injection. The incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after supratentorial craniotomy. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV in Group G was lower than that in Group C (25.7% vs 57.1%, P < 0.01). The incidence of server nausea with vomiting or vomiting in Group G was lower than that in Group C (17.2% vs 48.6%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Granisetron can be used effectively and safely to prevent PONV in supratentorial craniotomy.     

穴位神经电刺激预防乳腺癌患者术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的观察乳腺癌仿根术患者超前应用韩氏穴位神经刺激仪(HANS),能否减轻术后恶心、呕吐(PONV)并将其效果与应用昂丹斯琼进行比较。方法拟行乳腺癌根治术的患者90例,随机分为3组,每组30例。A组麻醉前30 min应用HANS,B组手术结束前静脉注射昂丹斯琼,C组为对照组。3组均实行硬膜外麻醉,术后病人采用自控硬膜外镇痛。术后测定2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的VRS评分,恶心、呕吐情况,止吐药的需要情况及不良反应。结果A组12 h内的PONV发生率显著低于C组;B组各时段内PONV发生率均显著低于C组。A、B组两组术后各时段恶心的发生率均显著低于C组。A组仅术后6 h内的呕吐发生率显著低于C组;B组各时段内呕吐发生率均显著低于C组。结论应用HANS刺激内关穴可以降低乳腺癌仿根术后患者的12 h内PONV发生率。     

甲氧氯普胺、氟哌利多、枢复宁对术后自控镇痛患者恶心呕吐预防作用的比较

目的 :通过患者自控镇痛 (PCA)泵 ,硬膜外腔注射甲氧氯普胺、氟哌利多、枢复宁三种镇吐药 ,观察对术后PCA患者恶心呕吐的预防作用。方法 :将 10 0例妇科及腹部手术的病人 ,随机分成 4组 ,即甲氧氯普胺组、氟哌利多组、枢复宁组、枢复宁 +氟哌利多组 ,通过PCA泵分别将镇吐药注入硬膜外腔 ,观察术后 72h内恶心呕吐情况。结果 :枢复宁组和联合用药组预防恶心呕吐的效果明显高于甲氧氯普胺组和氟哌利多组 ,术后恶心呕吐 (PONV)发生率分别为 2 6 .8% ,16 % ,6 0 %和 73.7% (P <0 .0 1) ,单用甲氧氯普胺和氟哌利多预防术后PONV的效果不理想 ,联合用药组PONV发生率最低 ,但与枢复宁组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :枢复宁单用及与氟哌利多联合用药都能很好地预防术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

布托啡诺联合曲马多用于腹腔镜阴式全子宫切除术后静脉镇痛的临床效果

目的 观察布托啡诺联合曲马多用于腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除术术后静脉镇痛的效果.方法 选择在全麻下行腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除术患者90例,美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）1～2级.随机分为布托啡诺组（A组）、曲马多组（B组）和布托啡诺联合曲马多组各30例.3组患者均采用相同的麻醉诱导和麻醉维持方式,术后均采用一次性镇痛泵静脉镇痛.镇痛泵药物：A组给予布托啡诺0.08mg/ml,B组给予曲马多10mg/ml,C组给予布托啡诺0.04mg/ml＋曲马多5mg/ml.分别记录3组术后12、24及48小时疼痛评分及镇静评分,以及48小时内恶心呕吐的发生率.结果 3组患者术后疼痛评分差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;术后12、24及48小时镇静评分差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,A组过度镇静;A组术后48小时内恶心呕吐发生率为10％,且B组为36.67％,C组为20％,组间差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,B组的术后恶心呕吐发生率最高.结论 布托啡诺联合曲马多用于腹腔镜辅助下阴式全子宫切除术术后静脉镇痛,可在镇痛效果不变的前提下,分别减少两种药物的不良反应,提高患者的满意度.     

Ondansetron in prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing breast surgery: a placebo-controlled double blind study

The present study was to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron, 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, versus placebo in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in a homogenous group of female patients undergoing breast reduction surgery under general anaesthesia. Approximately one hour before skin closure, 70 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 35 each. In a double blind manner each group of patients received either intravenous ondansetron (4mg) or a matching placebo. The overall incidences of PONV during first 24-hour were 60% and 20% in placebo and ondansetron group respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference after 24-hour postoperatively. In placebo group 42.9% of patients received rescue anti-emetic (metoclopramide) for the treatment of severe PONV (ie, 2 or more episodes of PONV), whereas, only 8.6% patients were administered such intervention in the ondansetron group (p<0.05). It is, therefore, concluded that prophylactic administration of intravenous ondansetron (4mg) one hour before skin closure is safe and effective in preventing PONV in female patients undergoing breast surgery and routine use of ondansetron in the patient population is recommended.     

艾司洛尔对高血压患者经腹腔镜胆囊切除术后治疗效应的研究

目的 研究高血压患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期输注艾司洛尔对术后疼痛和恶心呕吐（PONV）的影响.方法 收集我院ASAⅡ合并血压控制良好的高血压病人50例,随机分为艾司洛尔组和对照组.艾司洛尔组麻醉诱导前立即给予艾司洛尔1 mg·kg-1静注,术中给予5～10 μg·kg-1·min-1静脉持续注入,心率控制在65～75次/min,对照组诱导前及术中均给予同等容积的林格氏液,拔出气管插管后立即停用.术后分别用VAS法评估疼痛程度和4分法评价PONV情况.结果 术中艾司洛尔有明显的镇痛效应（P〈0.01）,术后艾司洛尔组需止吐药明显减少,其中9例病人没有使用止吐药;而对照组所有病人至少使用一次止吐药,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.PONV发生频率与瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚、女性、吸烟、既往PONV和运动疾病没有相关性.并且术后艾司洛尔组镇痛剂用量较对照组少（P〈0.05）.结论 艾司洛尔在腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中和术后有明显镇痛作用,并且在联合瑞芬太尼的情况下,能够降低早期PONV的发生.     

托烷司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的观察托烷司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的疗效。方法选择ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者100例,随机分为托烷司琼组(T组)和对照组(N组),每组各50例,手术结束前10 min,T组静脉注射托烷司琼0.04 mg/kg,N组静脉注射0.9%生理盐水3 mL。观察并记录术后24 h内2组患者恶心呕吐的发生率。结果 T组恶心呕吐发生率明显低于N组(P<0.01)。结论托烷司琼可以显著降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者24 h内恶心呕吐的发生率,有明显的预防效果。