Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage at the time of admission in two acute geriatric wards

Studies on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the elderly have been concerned with patients hospitalized in nursing homes or long-term care facilities. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of MRSA at the time of admission in two acute geriatric wards with high endemic MRSA incidence in a French teaching hospital. A prospective screening of MRSA carriers was conducted by swabbing nares and wounds during five weeks for all patients on the day of admission. For each patient demographic, administrative, clinical and therapeutic data were recorded. Their associations with MRSA carriage were studied by logistic regression analysis. On the day of admission, 35 patients (14.6%) were MRSA carriers. Variables independently associated with carriage were hospitalization within the six last months (OR = 4.64; P < 0.001) and the existence of wounds or bedsores (OR = 2.864; P = 0.02). The high prevalence of MRSA carriage at the time of admission could explain in part the high incidence of MRSA in these wards. A systematic selective screening targeted on patients with high risk of carriage should be helpful to implement barrier precautions and reduce cross-transmission.     

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in residents of German nursing homes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of and the risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in nursing home residents in the Rhine-Neckar region of southern Germany. DESIGN: Point-prevalence survey. SETTING: Forty-seven nursing homes in the region. PARTICIPANTS: All residents of the approached nursing homes who agreed to participate. METHODS: After informed consent was obtained, all participants had their nares swabbed, some personal data collected, or both. All swabs were examined for growth of MRSA. All S. aureus isolates underwent oxacillin susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction for demonstration of the mecA gene. All MRSA isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion with SmaI. RESULTS: Swabs from 3,236 nursing home residents yielded 36 MRSA strains, contributing to a prevalence rate of 1.1%. Significant risk factors for MRSA carriage in the multivariate analysis were the presence of wounds or urinary catheters, limited mobility, admission to a hospital during the preceding 3 months, or stay in a medium-size nursing home. One predominant MRSA strain could be detected in 30 of the 36 MRSA carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MRSA in German nursing homes is still low. These residents seemed to acquire their MRSA in the hospital and transfer it to their nursing home. Apart from well-known risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA, we identified the size of the nursing home as an independent risk factor. This might be due to an increased use of and microbials in nursing homes of a certain size.     

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the community: a survey from central Italy

Recently, concern has increased regarding the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community. We studied 812 subjects from central Italy to establish the rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns, in the community. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 30.5%. Only one subject, with predisposing risk factors for acquisition, was identified as carrier of MRSA (prevalence of 0.12%). The presence of MRSA in the community of our area still appears to be a rare event. Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, a surprisingly high rate (18%) of resistance to rifampin was observed.     

Studie zum Vorkommen von Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus in Alten- und Altenpflegeheimen in Nordrhein-Westfalen

The reason for conducting this study in North Rhine-Westphalia was the world-wide increase in MRSA hospital infections leading to the question about the occurrence of MRSA in old people's homes and nursing homes. Between March 2000 and March 2001, 21 community health departments on a voluntary basis collected samples to be examined from a total of 1057 residents of old people's homes and 193 nursing staff members and, together with a completed questionnaire, sent them to the Institute of Public Health (lögd) NRW. In this cross-sectional study 32 residents and one staff member proved positive. This corresponds to a prevalence of MRSA of 3.0% with a confidence interval (95% CI) of 2.1–4.2 if the number of participants is taken for reference as has until now been the usual practice in MRSA examinations in old people's homes in Germany. But if examinations are based on a Staph. aureus proportion of almost 50% as is done in MRSA examinations in hospitals, MRSA prevalence increases to 6.3% with a CI of 4.3–8.8. Catheterization, particularly urinary catheterization, entails an almost three times higher risk of contracting MRSA (OR = 2.72, significant). MRSA prevalence for urinary catheterization was 11.2%, related to the S. aureus-positive residents.     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing homes in a major UK city: an anonymized point prevalence survey.

An anonymized point-prevalence survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage was conducted amongst a stratified random sample of nursing home residents in Birmingham, UK, during 1994. Microbiological sampling from noses, fingers and the environment was undertaken. Information about potential risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA was gathered. MRSA was isolated from cultures of the nose or fingers of 33 of the 191 residents who took part in the study (17%) but only 1 of the 33 positive residents had a clinical infection. Although just 10 of the 87 environmental samples were MRSA positive, there was some environmental contamination in most homes. Risk factors for MRSA carriage were hospital admission within the last year (relative prevalence 2.09, 95% CI 1.13-3.88; P < 0.05) and surgical procedures within the last year (relative prevalence 4.02, 95% CI 2.18-7.43; P = 0.002). Phage-typing of the strains revealed similarities with those circulating in Birmingham hospitals. These findings suggest that the prevalence of MRSA in nursing homes in Birmingham was high, and that the strains may have originated in hospitals.     

Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nursing home residents in northern Germany

Nursing home residents are a population at risk for carrying meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To better guide infection control and healthcare network initiatives, we investigated the point prevalence and molecular epidemiology of MRSA colonisation among nursing home residents in Brunswick, northern Germany. Among the 32 participating nursing homes of the available 34 in the region, 68% of residents (1827 of 2688) were screened for nasal and/or wound colonisation. A total of 139 residents (7.6%; 95% confidence interval: 6.4-8.8%) were identified as MRSA positive, almost six-fold more than the 24 MRSA carriers (0.9%) expected according to the nursing homes' pre-test information. Although known risk factors including urinary tract catheters, wounds, preceding hospital admission, and high grade resident care were confirmed, none was sensitive enough to be considered as the sole determinant of MRSA carriage. spa typing revealed that more than 70% of isolates belonged to the Barnim strain (ST-22, EMRSA-15, CC22) typical for hospital-acquired MRSA in northern Germany. There was no evidence for the presence of community-acquired or livestock-associated S.?aureus strains. These data show that in northern Germany MRSA has spread from the hospital environment to other healthcare institutions, which must now be regarded as important reservoirs for MRSA transmission.     

Low prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at hospital admission in the Netherlands: the value of search and destroy and restrictive antibiotic use

In the Netherlands, less than 1% of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus are methicillin-resistant (MRSA). A national search and destroy policy prevents MRSA from becoming endemic. Some MRSA outbreaks cannot be related to patients at risk for MRSA carriage. This study was designed to measure the prevalence of MRSA among patients without risk factors for MRSA carriage at the time of admission to the hospital. In four Dutch hospitals, patients admitted to non-surgical departments in the period 1999-2000 were screened for MRSA nasal carriage. Nasal swabs were streaked on 5% sheep blood agar (BA), submerged in a selective broth, and incubated for two to three days at 35 degrees C. Colonies suspected of being S. aureus were identified with an agglutination test. Susceptibility testing was performed by an automated system and additional oxacillin disk diffusion. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by a DNA hybridization test and mecA PCR. MRSA strains were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Twenty-four percent (2332/9859) of the patients were S. aureus nasal carriers. Only three (0.03%) patients were MRSA carriers. These patients were not repatriated, nor known to be MRSA carriers before screening. Genotyping revealed that the strains were not clonally related and were not related to MRSA outbreaks in the hospital where the patients were admitted. We conclude that at routine admission to a Dutch hospital (excluding high-risk foreign admissions) the MRSA prevalence is low (0.03%), due to the Dutch search and destroy policy and restrictive antibiotic prescribing.     

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among patients receiving allergen-injection immunotherapy: associated factors and quantitative nasal cultures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage among outpatients receiving allergen-injection immunotherapy with the prevalence among healthy controls and to determine predictors of nasal S. aureus carriage. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: Allergy clinic of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample consisting of 45 outpatients undergoing desensitization therapy and 84 first- and second-year medical students. RESULTS: The nasal S. aureus carriage rate was significantly higher among patients (46.7%) than among students (26.2%; P=.019). In a multivariate model adjusted for age and gender, the presence of atopic dermatitis or eczema was the only independent predictor of nasal S. aureus carriage (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.2-16.0; P=.02). The only other participant characteristic associated with nasal S. aureus carriage was immunotherapy with allergen injections (OR, 1.98; CI95, 0.7-6.0), but this association did not reach statistical significance (P=.23). The probability of nasal S. aureus carriage was 88.9% for patients receiving allergen injections and having atopic dermatitis or eczema, and 36.1% for patients receiving allergen injections without atopic dermatitis or eczema. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing desensitization have a higher nasal carriage rate of S. aureus. However, factors other than the regular use of needles, and in particular abnormalities related to the atopic constitution of these patients, may predispose this population for S. aureus carriage.     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): a community-based prevalence survey

A prevalence survey of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage was undertaken on a random sample of adults (aged over 16) resident in the community in Birmingham, UK during 1998. Microbiological samples were taken from the anterior nares at the subjects' general practice or in their home. Information about risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA was obtained via a self-completed questionnaire. A 58% response rate (280/483) was achieved. The prevalence of nasal MRSA colonization was 1.5% [4/274, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03-2.9%]. Twenty-three per cent (63/274) of subjects were nasal carriers of S. aureus. Six per cent (4/63) of S. aureus isolates were MRSA and 2 of the 4 MRSA carriers reported previous contact with health facilities. The prevalence of MRSA colonization in the general adult population in Birmingham appears to be low.     

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among older residents of care homes in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization among older residents of care homes in Leeds, United Kingdom, and to identify resident and care home risk factors for carriage. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional prevalence survey of 715 residents from 39 care homes. All participants were tested for nasal colonization with S. aureus, including MRSA. A short questionnaire was completed about each participant and each care home. A multivariable model was used to determine which risk factors were independently associated with MRSA colonization. SETTING: Care homes for older residents in Leeds, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: All residents in participating homes who were able to give informed consent. RESULTS: A total of 159 of 715 residents tested positive for MRSA, for a prevalence of 22% (95% confidence interval, 18%-27%) The resultant multivariate model showed that residence in a home with a low ratio of nurses to beds, residence in a care home in a deprived area, male sex, presence of an invasive device, and a hospitalization duration of more than 10 days during the previous 2 years were independently associated with MRSA colonization. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a large reservoir of MRSA within the care home population. Control strategies need to be coordinated between care homes and hospitals. Increasing the ratio of nurses to beds, reducing the duration of hospitalization, and improving the management of invasive devices could help reduce the prevalence of MRSA colonization. Further research is required to ascertain the potential health benefits of reducing the rate of MRSA colonization among care home residents.     

幼儿园儿童携带金黄色葡萄球菌及其影响因素分析

目的 了解幼儿园儿童金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的携带状况及其影响因素.方法本研究采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取柳州市六所幼儿园的1 702名健康儿童,进行鼻拭子采样并分离鉴定金葡菌.各组金葡菌携带率的比较采用x2检验,金葡菌携带影响因素的多因素分析采用Logistic回归分析模型.结果 儿童鼻腔金葡菌携带率为16.27...     

Proteeae groin skin carriage in ambulatory geriatric outpatients

Aerobic gram-negative bacillus (AGNB) groin skin carriage was prospectively studied in ambulatory geriatric outpatients: 42 from three nursing homes and 44 from private homes. Initially, 12 (28.6%) Proteeae carriers were in the former group and 3 (6.8%) were in the latter (P = 0.01). At one year, 6 of 7 surviving nursing home carriers remained Proteeae carriers while none from private homes remained carriers (P = 0.007). The annual prevalence of Proteeae carriage was 14 (33.3%) in nursing homes and 4 (9.1%) in private homes (P = 0.008); of non-Proteeae AGNB carriage, the annuyal prevalence was 2 (4.8%) and 4 (11.4%), respectively. Nursing home subjects had similar initial health characteristics; however, by one year, 5 of 12 carriers in contrast to 3 of 30 noncarriers were dead of chronic disease (P = 0.03). These nursing homes included persons with chronic diseases that apparently facilitated Proteeae carriage. Urethral catheters, skin ulcers, and recent antibiotics were not factors.     

Nasal carriage and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital and non-hospital personnel in Abha, Saudi Arabia

The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, antibiograms and prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied in 1999 among healthy hospital and non-hospital personnel in Abha, Saudi Arabia. S. aureus was isolated from 26.1% of 299 adults in the community and 25.4% of 279 hospital personnel. No isolate was resistant to vancomycin. Antibiotic resistance rates, for all other antibiotics tested except cephalothin, were significantly higher for strains from hospital personnel (P values < 0.001-0.04) compared to non-hospital adults. The antibiograms were also compared with those of 140 clinical isolates. The rates of resistance of the inpatient strains to all the antibiotics tested were significantly higher than those of hospital nasal carrier strains (P < 0.001-0.05). MRSA was isolated, respectively, from 5.1% and 18.3% of non-hospital and hospital carriers; MRSA carriage rates were 1.3% and 4.7%, respectively, for non-hospital and hospital carriers, and 61% of S. aureus isolates from infected patients were MRSA. Only 8% of non-hospital but 44% of hospital carrier strains were multiply resistant (P < 0.001). Multiple resistance among inpatient strains (89%) was significantly higher than that among hospital nasal strains (44%) (P < 0.001). Such rates of multiple resistance and endemic MRSA prevalence among healthy carriers (11%) at a much higher rate than those reported in the literature should raise concern in a region with unrestricted availability of antibiotics.     

Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an American Indian population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although reports of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections without healthcare exposure are increasing, population-based data regarding nasal colonization are lacking. We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for community-associated MRSA nasal carriage in patients of a rural outpatient clinic. DESIGN: A cross-sectional population survey was conducted through random sample and stratification by community of residence. Recent healthcare exposure (ie, hospitalization, dialysis, or healthcare occupation) and other risk factors for MRSA carriage were assessed. Cultures of the nares were performed. Community-associated MRSA was defined as MRSA carriage without healthcare exposure. SETTING: A predominantly American Indian community in Washington. PATIENTS: Those receiving healthcare from an Indian Health Service clinic. RESULTS: Of 1,311 individuals identified for study, 475 (36%) participated. Unsatisfactory culture specimens resulted in exclusion of 6 participants. In all, 128 (27.3%) of 469 participants had S. aureus. Nine (1.9%) of 469 had MRSA carriage; of these, 5 had community-associated MRSA (5 of 469; overall community-associated MRSA carriage rate, 1.1%). MRSA carriage was associated with antimicrobial use in the previous year (risk ratio [RR], 7.2; P = .04) and residence in a household of more than 7 individuals (RR, 4.5; P = .03). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that 5 (55%) of 9 MRSA carriage isolates were closely related, including 3 (60%) of 5 that were community associated. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of community-associated MRSA colonization was approximately 1% in this rural, American Indian population. Community-associated MRSA colonization was associated with recent antimicrobial use and larger household.     

The relationship between hand hygiene practices and nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in healthcare workers

Background:The nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare workers (HCWs) is higher than the general population. Their hands serve as vectors for transmitting S.aureus colonized in the nose to patients.Objectives:To determine the rate of nasal S.aureus carriage and methicillin resistance in HCWs and to evaluate the relationship between carriage and personal risk factors and hand hygiene behaviors.Methods:The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, occupational and personal risk factors for S.aureus carriage, the “Hand Hygiene Belief Scale (HHBS),” and “Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory (HHPI)”. Nasal culture was taken from all participants. Presence of S.aureus, methicillin and mupirocin resistance were investigated in samples.Results:The study was carried out with 269 HCWs. The prevalence of S.aureus carriage was 20.1% (n:54). Among 54 S.aureus carriers, only one person had MRSA (0.37%). All S.aureus isolates were susceptible to mupirocin. S.aureus carriage was found to be significantly lower in the smoker group (p:0.015) and in the personnel wearing gloves during the procedures of each patient (p:0.002). S.aureus culture positivity was found to decrease significantly with increasing handwashing frequency (p:0.003). The mean HHPI score was higher in women (p:0.001). The mean HHPI score was lower in the group with nasal carriers than in non-carriers (p:0.176).Conclusion:The knowledge of hand hygiene practices, high frequency of handwashing, and wearing different gloves during the procedure of each patient decrease S.aureus nasal carriage in HCWs. In addition mupirocin is still effective in nasal S.aureus carriers.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, nasal carriage, hand hygiene practices     

Nasal carriage of S. aureus increases the risk of surgical site infection after major heart surgery

Staphylococcus aureus is the main cause of surgical site infection (SSI) after major heart surgery (MHS), with the patient's endogenous flora as the principal source. However, the influence of nasal carriage of S. aureus on the development of SSI after MHS has not been established and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines do not make a recommendation for or against decolonisation. We performed a one-year observational study in which patients undergoing MHS were screened for nasal carriage of S. aureus before surgery. Cases of SSI were recorded and the risk factors of patients with and without SSI were analysed. During the study period, 357 patients were included in the protocol. Ninety-six patients (27%) were found to be nasal carriers of S. aureus and nine (9.4%) of these had meticillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. The overall incidence of SSI was 6.4%, with 4.2% for mediastinitis and 2.2% for superficial SSI. Nasal carriers of S. aureus had a significantly higher incidence of SSI than non-carriers (12.5% vs 5%, P=0.01). Among MRSA carriers, the incidence of SSI reached 33% (P<0.001). S. aureus was responsible for 64% of SSIs. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent factors for SSI were S. aureus nasal carriage [relative risk (RR): 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-7.3; P=0.009], reoperation (RR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.8-19.2; P=0.04) and diabetes mellitus (RR: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.8-19.2; P=0.003). Nasal carriage of S. aureus significantly increases the rate of nosocomial SSI after MHS and decolonisation strategies should be implemented in this population.     

Incidence and prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among healthcare workers in geriatric departments: relevance to preventive measures.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcs aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage was assessed among healthcare workers caring for elderly patients in contact precautions in geriatric departments. Monthly incidence ranged from 0% to 3.3%. Carriage was observed only among nurses and nursing assistants. MRSA was thus infrequently acquired using precautions and carriage was usually transient.     

A bundle of care to reduce colorectal surgical infections: an Australian experience

Staphylococcus aureus carriage increases the risk of infection. Demographic and microbiological data from adult patients with nasal S. aureus carriage were analysed in order to define effect modifiers of this association. Predictors for growth of S. aureus from clinical cultures were identified in a case-control study using bivariate and multi-variate logistic regression analysis. Between 1 January 2005 and 1 April 2009, 645 patients with nasal S. aureus colonization and documented follow-up of ≥90 days were identified; 159 (25%) patients were found to carry meticillin-resistant S.?aureus (MRSA). The median age of patients was 58 years, and 421 (65%) were male. During the subsequent 90 days, one or more clinical cultures were positive for S. aureus in 131 patients (20%). Multi-variate analysis identified a prior history of any S. aureus positive culture [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.8; P=0.0005) as an independent predictor of subsequent S. aureus infection. MRSA colonization was a predictor of infection in patients aged >40 years (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.1; P=0.0004), and even more so in patients aged ≤40 years (aOR 12.4, 95% CI 3.0-51; P=0.0005). Age >40 years was an additional independent risk?factor for meticillin-susceptible S. aureus carriers (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.8; P=0.02) but not for MRSA carriers. Preferential screening of patients at high risk for MRSA carriage and subsequent infection, as well as the absence of a universal policy for the use of decolonization regimens, may partly explain the relatively high risk of S. aureus infection in the patient population. MRSA carriers and older patients with recurrent S. aureus positive cultures may gain the greatest benefit from routine decolonization measures.     

Use of perioperative mupirocin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) orthopaedic surgical site infections

We have examined whether topical perioperative prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surgical site infections (SSIs). Using a controlled before and after approach on patients from four orthopaedic wards, undergoing orthopaedic surgery involving insertion of metal prostheses and/or fixation, received perioperative prophylaxis with nasal mupirocin for five days, and a shower or bath with 2% (v/v) triclosan before surgery (PPNMT). After introduction of PPNMT there was a marked decrease in incidence of MRSA SSIs (per 1000 operations) from 23 in the six months beforehand (period A) to 3.3 (P<0.001) and 4 (P<0.001) in subsequent consecutive six-month periods (B and C, respectively). Of 11 MRSA SSI cases that occurred during periods B and C, only one had actually received PPNMT, and 10 occurred after acute, as opposed to elective, surgery (P<0.001). Point prevalence nasal MRSA carriage decreased from 38% before PPNMT to 23% immediately after, and 20%, 7%, 10% and 8% (P<0.001) at six-monthly intervals post-intervention. Conversely, the prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage in a control elderly medicine ward did not change significantly. Vancomycin usage, in terms of defined daily doses, declined by 23%. Low-level mupirocin resistance was found in 2.3% of S. aureus isolates from orthopaedic patients before PPNMT, and in 3.9%, 6.1%, 10% and 0% in subsequent six month periods. No S. aureus isolates with high-level mupirocin resistance were found. PPNMT can reduce the incidence of MRSA SSls after orthopaedic surgery, probably by reducing nasal MRSA carriage in the endemic setting, without selecting for mupirocin resistance.     

柳州市幼儿园儿童金黄色葡萄球菌携带聚集性分析

  目的  探讨柳州市幼儿园儿童金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)携带的聚集性及影响因素,为预防和控制金葡菌在学校儿童中的传播提供重要依据。  方法  2018年4—6月,对柳州市分层整群抽取的1 702名幼儿园儿童进行双侧鼻拭子采样,对其家长进行问卷调查,采用随机效应Logistic回归分析金葡菌携带的聚集性及影响因素。  结果  儿童金葡菌携带率为16.3%(277/1 702)。随机效应Logistic回归分析表明,金葡菌携带在班级水平的随机效应具有统计学意义(Z=2.12,P<0.01),提示具有班级聚集性;影响因素分析提示,6~7岁(OR=2.18,95%CI=1.45~3.27)和5岁(OR=1.65,95%CI=1.08~2.50)儿童金葡菌携带率高于3~4岁儿童,近1年有抗生素服用史(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.05~2.01)和近1年有皮肤软组织感染史(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.04~1.79)与儿童金葡菌携带均呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。  结论  幼儿园儿童金葡菌携带存在明显的班级聚集性,年龄、抗生素服用史和皮肤软组织感染是影响儿童金葡菌携带的重要影响因素。