游离锌离子在小鼠颈上神经节的分布

目的研究游离锌离子在小鼠交感节后神经元中的分布。方法应用ZnSe金属自显影技术和透射电镜检测硒酸钠注射1.5和24 hr后小鼠颈上神经节内的游离锌离子。结果注射硒酸钠1.5 hr后的小鼠颈上神经节中几乎所有的神经元均有锌阳性反应产物分布,透射电镜下观察锌离子主要分布于神经元细胞核周围的高尔基复合体和小泡状结构内。注射硒酸钠24 hr后有锌阳性反应的神经元约为10%,提示锌离子在交感节后神经轴突内进行轴突运输。结论小鼠颈上神经节神经元胞体内含有丰富的游离锌离子,游离锌离子在轴突内进行轴突运输。     

ZnT7及游离锌离子在小鼠室管膜和脉络丛细胞的分布

目的 研究锌转运体7（ZnT7）和游离锌离子在小鼠脊髓室管膜和脉络丛上皮细胞中的分布.方法 应用ZnSe金属自显影技术（AMG）检测硒酸钠注射1.5h后小鼠脊髓室管膜细胞及脑室脉络丛上皮细胞的游离锌离子;应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测小鼠脊髓室管膜细胞及脑室脉络丛上皮细胞中ZnT7的表达.结果 光镜下观察AMG染色的切片,小鼠脊髓室管膜细胞及脑室脉络丛上皮细胞中均有游离锌离子的分布;免疫组织化学结果表明,脊髓室管膜细胞及脉络丛上皮细胞中均有ZnT7的表达,且与游离锌离子分布区域基本一致.结论 锌离子可能在脊髓室管膜细胞及脉络丛上皮细胞内发挥重要作用,脊髓室管膜细胞及脉络丛上皮细胞可能在脑脊液锌转运过程中发挥重要的作用.     

锌转运体ZNT7在小鼠视网膜的定位分布

目的研究锌转运体-7(zinc transporter 7,ZNT7)在小鼠视网膜的定位和分布。方法应用免疫组织化学技术检测CD-1小鼠视网膜内的ZNT7免疫反应产物的表达。结果ZNT7在小鼠视网膜内分布广泛,在神经节细胞和色素上皮细胞内ZNT7免疫阳性反应产物的表达最丰富,在无长突细胞和视神经纤维层中ZNT7免疫阳性反应产物为中等程度的表达,在内网层、外网层和光感受器外节中ZNT7免疫阳性染色较淡,在外核层和光感受器内节中ZNT7几乎没有表达。结论ZNT7可能在维持视网膜锌稳态过程中起到重要的作用。     

硒酸锌金属自显影技术检测游离锌离子在小鼠肾脏的分布

目的研究游离锌离子在小鼠肾脏的定位分布。方法应用硒酸锌金属自显影技术(ZnSeAMG)检测小鼠肾脏内的游离锌离子分布。结果游离锌离子在肾脏内分布广泛,皮质中有大量AMG反应阳性颗粒,髓质中的AMG阳性颗粒较少。其中,近曲小管、远曲小管、近直小管和远直小管上皮细胞近腔侧均分布有大量的棕黑色AMG阳性颗粒,肾小体、细段和集合管上皮细胞中AMG阳性颗粒较少。结论小鼠肾脏内含有丰富的游离锌离子,锌离子可能参与肾脏的功能。     

硒酸锌金属自显影技术检测游离锌离子在小鼠卵巢的分布

目的研究游离锌离子在小鼠卵巢的定位分布。方法应用硒酸锌金属自显影技术(ZnSeAMG)检测小鼠卵巢内的游离锌离子分布。结果游离锌离子在卵巢内分布广泛,在原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡、闭锁卵泡以及间质细胞中都有大量棕黑色的AMG染色颗粒。结论小鼠卵巢内含有丰富的游离锌离子,锌离子可能参与了卵泡的发育以及性激素的合成。     

脑红蛋白在绵羊视网膜中的分布

目的:探讨脑红蛋白在绵羊视网膜的分布特征。方法:利用免疫组织化学显色SP法,观察脑红蛋白在健康成年绵羊视网膜中的分布情况。结果:脑红蛋白在绵羊视网膜的视神经纤维层、内网状层、外网状层和光感受器内节段中有强阳性表达,在视网膜的内核层和节细胞层有弱阳性表达,在视网膜外核层、光感受器外节段和色素上皮层中未见有阳性表达,内界膜、外界膜和视神经中亦有脑红蛋白阳性表达。绵羊视网膜脑红蛋白阳性表达的细胞类型主要有节细胞、双极细胞和光感受器细胞,其中节细胞的阳性表达定位于细胞质,胞核中未见表达。结论;除外核层、光感受器外节段和色素上皮层外,脑红蛋白在绵羊视网膜其他各层中均有表达,提示脑红蛋白在维持视网膜中氧平衡状态时发挥重要作用。     

VEGF、bFGF在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜的表达

应用免疫组化 ABC法观察生长因子 VEGF、b FGF在早期链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠视网膜的表达。结果如下 :随着病程进展 ,二者的表达呈逐渐增强趋势。病程 3月时 ,除了正常表达 VEGF的内核层及节细胞层部分细胞外 ,尚见血管阳性反应。6月时 ,阳性反应又出现于视杆内节和色素上皮细胞 ;b FGF于正常对照组只表达于外核层细胞 ,而糖尿病 3月组和 6月组阳性反应范围扩大至内核层和视网膜血管     

ZnT1及游离锌离子在小鼠骺板软骨细胞的定位研究

目的研究锌转运体-1(Zinc transporter 1,ZnT1)和游离锌离子在小鼠骺板软骨细胞的定位分布,探讨ZnT1影响骺板软骨细胞锌离子代谢从而参与骨骼生长的可能机制。方法应用浸入式金属自显影技术(AMG)观察锌离子在小鼠肋骨骺板内的定位分布;应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测ZnT1在小鼠骺板软骨细胞的表达。结果金属自显影技术显示游离锌离子在小鼠肋骨骺板肥大带、增殖带和静止带三层区域结构内有不同程度的表达,其中肥大带软骨细胞层锌离子含量最高;ZnT1免疫阳性反应产物主要定位于软骨细胞膜附近,在小鼠肋骨骺板三层区域结构内有不同程度的表达,从肥大带到静止带,软骨细胞膜上的ZnT1免疫反应逐渐减弱。结论小鼠肋骨骺板内存在大量的游离锌离子和ZnT1蛋白,提示ZnT1可能参与锌离子在软骨细胞的转运和代谢,在骨的形成和发育过程中发挥作用。     

游离锌离子在APP/PS1转基因小鼠嗅球内的定位

目的研究锌离子在APP/PSI转基因小鼠嗅球内的定位,为锌离子参与阿尔茨海默病发病的相关性研究提供重要的形态学依据。方法应用浸入式金属自显影技术(AMG)检测锌离子在野生型小鼠和APP/PSI转基因小鼠嗅球内的分布。结果在野生型小鼠和APP/PSI转基因小鼠嗅球内,AMG反应产物呈棕黑色,嗅球的5层结构清晰可见,其中颗粒层锌离子含量最高。在APP/PSI转基因小鼠嗅球内,还可见锌离子聚集在老年斑内,AMG阳性的老年斑主要分布于含锌量较高的颗粒层,其它各层仅见散在分布。野生型小鼠嗅球内未见AMG阳性的老年斑。结论APP/PSI转基因小鼠嗅球的老年斑内含有大量的锌离子,提示锌离子在嗅球Aβ老年斑的形成过程中发挥重要作用,参与AD的发病和进展。     

鲫鱼、牛蛙、鸡和大鼠视网膜锌离子分布的光镜观察

本文应用neo-Timm染色技术研究了鲫鱼、牛蛙、鸡和大鼠视网膜内锌离子的分布状况。结果发现上述动物视网膜内均存在锌离子。锌离子位于视网膜光感受器的内段、外网层、双极细胞、无长突细胞和神经节细胞等处。鲟鱼视网膜的部分光感受器胞体锌离子染色阳性。此外，牛蛙、鸡和大鼠等动物视网膜内同层锌离子亦呈弥漫性着色。提示在较高等动物作为神经调质的锌离子对视网膜神经无视觉信号的传导与调制可能具有更为广泛的意义。     

Expression of the 40 kDa catecholamine regulated protein in the normal and injured rat retina

Catecholamine regulated protein 40 (CRP40) has been shown to be expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of several mammalian species where it may function in a similar manner to members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting techniques were utilized to investigate whether CRP40 is expressed in normal rat retinas. In addition, changes in CRP40 expression were studied following optic nerve transection. The immunohistochemical results showed that CRP40 is expressed in the normal rat retina. The protein was found to be highly expressed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the outer plexiform layer (OPL). In addition, a low level of CRP40 was found in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and in the inner segment layer (ISL). No expression was found in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of normal rat retina. The immunoblotting results show that CRP40 expression decreased in a time-dependent fashion after the optic nerve transection. This decrease indicates that the expression of CRP40 is dependent on the neuron's normal physiological state and that it plays an important function in physiological and pathological conditions in the retina.     

Synapsin I expression in the rat retina during postnatal development

Summary The expression of the synapsin I gene was studied during postnatal development of the rat retina at the mRNA and protein levels. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that synapsin I mRNA was expressed already in nerve cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal retina, while it appeared in neurons of the inner nuclear layer from postnatal day 4 onward. Maximal expression of synapsin I mRNA was observed at P12 in ganglion cells and in neurons of the inner nuclear layer followed by moderate expression in the adult. At the protein level a shift of synapsin I appearance was observed from cytoplasmic to terminal localization during retinal development by immunohistochemistry. In early stages (P4 and P8), synapsin I was seen in neurons of the ganglion cell layer and in neurons of the developing inner nuclear layer as well as in the developing inner plexiform layer. In the developing outer plexiform layer synapsin I was localized only in horizontal cells and in their processes. Its early appearance at P4 indicated the early maturation of this cell type. A shift and strong increase of labelling to the plexiform layers at P12 indicated the localization of synapsin I in synaptic terminals. The inner plexiform layer exhibited a characteristic stratified pattern. Photoreceptor cells never exhibited synapsin I mRNA or synapsin I protein throughout development.Abbreviations GCL ganglion cell layer - INB inner neuroblast layer - INL inner nuclear layer - IPL inner plexiform layer - ONB outer neuroblast layer - ONL outer nuclear layer - OPL outer plexiform layer     

Dopamine- and adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32) in the retina of cat, monkey and human.

The cellular localization of a dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32) was investigated in cat, monkey and human retina by immunohistochemistry. In cat, DARPP-32-immunoreactive cell bodies identified as Müller cells were demonstrated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) with processes closely surrounding the cell soma of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer. Some DARPP-32-IR cells were also seen in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) sending processes to the inner plexiform layer. In monkey and human retina, DARPP-32-IR cell bodies were also demonstrated in the INL, with few cells located in the NFL.     

大鼠视神经切断后视网膜双极细胞PKC-α和recoverin的表达

为了探讨视神经切断后视网膜内部是否存在突触可塑性改变,本实验采用大鼠视神经切断模型,通过免疫组织化学方法检测视神经切断后视网膜双极细胞PKC-α和recoverin的表达变化。结果显示:正常视网膜中,PKC-α和recoverin阳性产物主要见于视网膜内核层、内网层及节细胞层,另外外核层也可见少量recoverin阳性细胞。视神经切断后3d,大鼠视网膜内网层高倍镜下可见PKC-α和recoverin免疫阳性终末的数量开始增加,14d时增至最高,21d、28d呈现逐渐减少的趋势。本研究结果提示视神经切断后视网膜双极细胞与节细胞之间的突触可能存在早期增生,后期溃变的可塑性变化。     

Distribution of GABA immunoreactivity in kainic acid-treated rabbit retina

Ischaemic retinal cell degeneration seems to involve both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor over stimulation. However, different retinal cell types differ largely in their susceptibility to excitatory amino acid induced neurotoxicity. We have investigated the vulnerability of GABAergic cells in the rabbit retina to the non-NMDA receptor agonist kainic acid (KA). The distribution of GABA immunoreactivity (GABA-IR) was examined in the central inferior retina at different survival times (5 h–6 days) following an intra-ocular injection of 140 nmol KA and compared to that of control and untreated retinas. In the normal retina, the majority of GABA-positive cells (79%) were located in the inner nuclear layer (INL), in one to four cell rows next to the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and in one cell row next to the outer plexiform layer (OPL). The remainder (21%) were found in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Dense immunoreactivity was seen throughout the IPL. In the OPL, stained dots and occasional immunoreactive large processes could be seen. KA-exposed retinas processed for GABA immunocytochemistry 5 and 24 h after the injection showed an 85% reduction in the number of GABA immunoreactive cells. About the same degree of depletion was seen among GABA-IR cells located at different retinal levels. However, at these survival times, immunostaining was observed in three distinct bands in the IPL, indicating that the vulnerability to KA is not uniformly distributed among all GABAergic cells. At 48 h, an additional decrease in the number of labelled cells was noted, but immunoreactive cells were still found both in the INL and GCL. Even 6 days after KA treatment, a few stained cell bodies were seen in the INL next to the IPL, as well as a few processes in the IPL. The study shows that KA receptor overstimulation induces a marked depletion of the endogenous cellular GABA pools of the central rabbit retina, most likely as a result of GABAergic cell loss. However, a small population of GABAergic cells located in the INL appears to be less vulnerable to the toxic effects of 140 nmol KA.     

Development of NADPH-diaphorase cells in the rat's retina

This study has examined the development of cells in the rat retina which contain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase. NADPH-diaphorase cells were first detected at postnatal day (P) 3, in somata located in the inner part of the cytoblast layer (CBL). At this age, NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was also seen in weakly labelled fibers in the presumptive outer plexiform layer (OPL). By P5, the somata of most labelled cells were in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INL), and by P11, their processes had spread extensively within the inner plexiform layer (IPL). By P25, there was a striking change in the pattern of NADPH-diaphorase reactivity. First, cells had lost reactivity from their large and extensive dendrites and second, there was a distinct reduction in the diameters of labelled somata. Thus, NADPH-diaphorase reactivity was most prominent during the period of synaptogenesis in the IPL. Labelled cells at P3 numbered 120 and were largely found at the superior margin of the retina. By P11, their total number had increased to the adult value of about 3400 and their density was highest in peripheral retina. With further development, the differential expansion of the retina appeared to lower the peripheral densities, resulting in an approximately uniform distribution by adulthood.     

泛素蛋白酶系统在四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠视网膜中的表达

目的:建立泛素蛋白酶系统(UPS)在正常和8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜的表达图谱,探讨其在糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生发展中可能的分子机制。方法:在限制片段差异显示PCR(RFDD-PCR)技术建立正常和8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜基因表达谱的基础上,对差异片段进行生物信息学分析,筛选UPS DR相关基因,并以免疫组织化学、半定量RT-PCR技术进行验证。结果:RFDD-PCR结果显示,泛素蛋白酶系统DR相关基因UBS3A、PSMD8和PSMD11在糖尿病组表达上调。RT-PCR结果显示,糖尿病组UBS3A表达比正常组明显增高,PSMD8和PSMD11则仅在糖尿病组中表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,正常组UBE3A阳性免疫反应物见于内丛状层,外丛状层和锥、杆体细胞层,PSMD8和PSMD11未见阳性细胞;糖尿病组UBE3A、PSMD8和PSMD11阳性细胞明显增多,见于节细胞层、内核层和外核层。结论:UPS与DR发生发展有关。     

高血压大鼠视网膜组织Ca^2＋酸性磷酸酶组织化学的研究

目的：应用光镜定量酶组织化学方法对正常京都种大鼠（ＷＫＹ）和自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）视网膜组织的Ｃａ＾２＋－酸性磷酸酶的分布和活性进行定量观察，结果：Ｃａ＾２＋酸性磷酸酶在ＷＫＹ视网膜组织的活性由强到弱依次为（Ｆ检验，Ｐ〈０．０５）；（１）杆锥细胞内节和外核层；（２）节细胞层；（３）内核层；（４）内网层和外网层；（５）杆锥细胞外节阴性，在ＳＨＲ视网膜组织中，各层Ｃａｓ＾２＋酸性磷酸酶活性下降，以