不同部位丘脑梗死的临床特点分析

目的分析不同部位丘脑梗死的临床特点。方法分析33例丘脑梗死患者的头颅磁共振(MRI)图像与临床特征,根据解剖学与临床的关系进行分析。结果 10例丘脑结节动脉梗死患者主要表现为偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍和构音障碍;13例丘脑膝状体动脉梗死主要表现为偏瘫和偏身感觉障碍;7例丘脑旁正中动脉梗死主要表现为偏瘫、动眼神经麻痹;3例脉络膜后动脉梗死主要表现为偏瘫和意识障碍。结论不同类型的丘脑梗死表现为不同的临床特征,具体症状与梗死发生的责任动脉区域有关。     

Percheron动脉梗死二例

目的探讨Percheron动脉梗死的临床特点。方法分析本院神经内科临床确诊的2例Percheron动脉梗死患者。结果 2例患者均急性起病,主要临床表现为意识障碍、双瞳孔不等大及眼球活动障碍,头颅MRI为双侧丘脑旁正中部对称性DWI高信号和(或)中脑高信号呈"V"字征,经抗血小板聚集、降脂稳斑、营养神经、改善循环等治疗后临床症状及影像学表现均好转。结论 Percheron动脉梗死,以意识障碍、记忆障碍、垂直凝视麻痹为典型临床表现,头颅MRI双侧丘脑旁正中DWI对称性高信号和(或)中脑高信号呈"V"字征为其影像学特点。部分Percheron动脉梗死病情危重,早期识别及诊治有助于改善预后。     

单纯性丘脑梗死的临床特点和脑血管造影分析

目的分析不同区域急性单纯性丘脑梗死的临床特点以及脑血管造影表现。方法回顾性分析48例完成全脑血管造影急性单纯性丘脑梗死患者的临床资料。结果 48例患者,24例为丘脑膝状体动脉梗死,12例为丘脑旁正中动脉梗死,8例为丘脑结节动脉梗死,4例为脉络膜后动脉梗死。48例患者中仅13例全脑血管造影结果未见异常,同侧大脑后动脉异常13例,共26条基底动脉近端的后循环血管出现明显狭窄。丘脑膝状体动脉梗死以偏身麻木表现为主,丘脑旁正中动脉梗死以意识水平下降和眼球运动异常为主,丘脑结节动脉梗死以语言功和对侧肢体运动功能异常为主,脉络膜后动脉梗死以视野改变为主,丘脑旁正中动脉梗死和丘脑结节动脉梗死患者简易智力量表评分均有不同程度下降。结论丘脑不同动脉供血区梗死可引起不同的症候群,脑血管造影是对丘脑梗死患者血管评估的重要手段。     

10例Heubner回返动脉梗死的临床及神经影像学分析

目的 探讨Heubner回返动脉梗死的解剖特点、临床表现及神经影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析我科收治的10例Heubner回返动脉梗死患者的临床表现、神经影像学检查特点,讨论梗死病灶与供应血管的关系.结果 10例患者的主要临床表现是构音障碍、中枢性面舌瘫、偏瘫(上肢较重)等;神经影像学显示尾状核头部、壳核前部、苍白球外侧部、内囊前肢等区域梗死.结论 正确认识Heubner回返动脉梗死的解剖特点、临床表现和神经影像学特点可提高临床诊治水平.     

丘脑不同区域梗死的神经心理学研究

目的 探讨和总结丘脑损害的神经心理学障碍.方法 用精神科最表评定72例分别为丘脑前部、丘脑内侧部、丘脑外侧前部和丘脑外侧后部梗死患者的情感、认知、语言、记忆和综合感知等神经心理状况和其他临床症状.结果 丘脑前部损害以淡漠和抑郁等精神活动减退为主,丘脑内侧部主要表现情绪紊乱、意识障碍和视觉症状,丘脑外侧前部以失语和共济失调为主,而丘脑外侧后部主要为各种类型的感觉障碍.结论 丘脑不仅是感觉的中继核团,丘脑的不同区域还参与不同类型的神经心理功能.     

丘脑旁正中动脉闭塞1例及文献复习

双侧丘脑旁正中梗死(bilateral paramedian thalamic infartion)由双侧后部丘脑穿通动脉(又称Percheron动脉、丘脑旁正中动脉、后部丘脑-丘脑下动脉)[1 ]闭塞引起,属基底动脉尖综合征的一部分.其典型临床表现为垂直凝视麻痹、意识障碍、遗忘综合征、神经心理行为改变[2～5].     

Percheron动脉闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死9例临床分析

正研究发现~[1],Percheron动脉(artery of percheron,APO)闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死占缺血性卒中的0.1%~0.3%,占丘脑梗死的22%~35%。临床主要表现为突发意识障碍、垂直凝视障碍、认知障碍等,临床易与其它双侧丘脑病变混淆,需鉴别诊断。本文总结9例APO闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死的临床表现、影像特点、治疗及预后。1临床资料1.1一般资料回顾性分析2006年~2015年吉林大     

Percheron动脉梗死三例临床分析

回顾分析3例Percheron动脉梗死患者临床资料,均存在脑血管病危险因素,临床表现为急性发病,伴不同程度意识障碍、反应迟钝、智力障碍、精神改变,无运动障碍,其中2例伴眼球运动障碍。MRI显示双侧丘脑和中脑对称性长T1、长T2信号,扩散加权成像(DWI)高信号;1例FLAIR成像呈现中脑"V字征";1例MRA显示右侧大脑后动脉主要由后交通动脉延伸,P1段发育不良,即胚胎型大脑后动脉。按照脑血管病治疗后临床症状均改善。提示典型临床表现、丘脑旁正中区对称性DWI高信号和FLAIR成像中脑"V字征"有助于早期诊断Percheron动脉梗死,单侧胚胎型大脑后动脉可能是Percheron动脉梗死的潜在先天性危险因素。     

Percheron动脉梗死4例临床分析

目的提高临床医生对Percheron动脉梗死的认识和诊断水平。方法总结4例Percheron动脉梗死的临床表现、影像特点、治疗及预后。结果4例均急性起病,意识障碍后出现智能障碍及眼肌麻痹,按缺血性脑卒中治疗,患者临床症状均有改善。4例磁共振Tt及T2加权像均见双侧丘脑旁正中碟形长T1长T2信号,3例磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）示双侧丘脑旁正中以及中脑高信号,其中1例中脑为“v”字形高信号。结论以卒中样形式起病,有典型临床表现,结合MRI示双侧丘脑旁正中见碟形长T1长T2信号、DWI高信号及中脑“V”字征有助于Percheron动脉梗死的诊断。     

急性丘脑梗死116例临床分析

目的探讨急性丘脑梗死病灶动脉血供与病因分型、临床表现及预后的关系。方法 116例急性丘脑梗死患者行头颅MRI检查,对病灶供血、TOAST分型、神经系统体征、神经功能恢复(mRS评分)等指标进行分析。结果 116例中单纯丘脑梗死占79.3%,联合丘脑梗死占20.7%。根据TOAST分型,大动脉硬化型占12.1%,心源型占15.5%,小动脉闭塞型占60.3%,其他占12.1%。单纯丘脑梗死中,下外侧动脉供血区占75.0%,结节丘脑动脉供血区占10.9%,脉络膜后动脉供血区占11.9%,旁中央动脉供血区占2.2%;临床表现依次为:感觉缺失、偏瘫、丘脑痛和共济失调;意识水平改变、认知功能障碍、人格改变;视野缺损、感觉障碍;意识下降、眼球运动异常和精神行为异常。下外侧动脉、结节丘脑动脉和脉络膜后动脉供血区起病后90dmRS评分较入院时明显降低(P0.01),旁中央动脉供血区mRS评分增加。结论丘脑梗死的主要病因为小动脉闭塞,其中以下外侧动脉供血区最为常见,其临床主要症状为感觉缺失、偏瘫。旁中央动脉供血区丘脑梗死预后差。     

Is There a Syndrome of Tuberothalamic Artery Infarction? A Case Report and Critical Review

Short-term post-acute neuropsychological, neurological, and neuroradiological test results and a 16-month follow-up of a 65-year-old patient with a right hemisphere ischemic lesion in the tuberothalamic area of vascular supply are reported. During a 6-week period of examinations the originally left- but trained right-handed patient exhibited fluctuating neuropsychological disorders including aphasia, visuo-perceptive and visuoconstructive disorders, and memory and attention deficits. In the follow-up examination the patient exhibited no aphasia and significant improvements in most neuropsychological tasks. Based on three-dimensional reconstruction of MRI, lesion topography and involvement of thalamic nuclei were established. We discuss the neuropsychological and neurological symptoms of the present case against the background of the ‘syndrome of unilateral tuberothalamic artery territory infarction’ proposed by Bogousslavsky and coworkers (1986) and the neuropsychological literature on unilateral ischemic anterior/anterolateral thalamic infarction.     

Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic correlates

We studied five patients with nonhemorrhagic thalamic infarction with neuropsychological tests, CT, and somatosensory evoked responses (SERs). The three patients with left thalamic lesions had abnormalities of language, memory, visuospatial processing, intellect, and personality-changes compatible with dementia. The two patients with right thalamic lesions were not aphasic and did not have verbal memory defects, but were otherwise comparable. Four lesions occurred in the tuberothalamic artery territory and one in the deep interpeduncular artery territory. SERs revealed a delay in the first negative peak after P14 in the tuberothalamic patients, and a delay in the third negative peak (N60) in all patients.     

Disappearance of resting tremor after thalamic stroke involving the territory of the tuberothalamic artery

Disappearance of resting tremor was observed in a 76-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease after a contralateral thalamic infarct involving the territory of the tuberothalamic artery. Based on the analysis of surgical data of Parkinson's disease patients, this might be explained by the lesion of the ventral lateral nucleus, which is supplied by the inferolateral and tuberothalamic arteries. Thalamic infarction in the territory of the tuberothalamic artery as well as the inferolateral artery can produce amelioration of tremor.     

Thalamic infarcts: clinical syndromes, etiology, and prognosis

We studied forty patients with CT-proven thalamic infarcts without involvement of the superficial territory of the posterior cerebral artery. The delineation into four arterial thalamic territories (inferolateral, tuberothalamic, posterior choroidal, paramedian) corresponded clinically to four different syndromes. The most common etiologies were lacunar infarction, large artery atherosclerosis with presumed artery-to-artery embolism, cardioembolism, and migrainous stroke. We found no risk factor other than age or oral contraceptive use in six patients. One patient died in the acute phase. During follow-up (45.6 months), the stroke or death rate was 7.4% per year. Delayed pain developed in three patients and abnormal movements in three. Late disability was mainly secondary to persisting neuropsychological dysfunction (thalamic dementia).     

Neuropsychological and behavioural impairments resulting from bilateral thalamic infarct

The neuropsychological characteristics of a patient with a bilateral thalamic infarct in the posterior communicating artery territory due to basilar artery thrombosis are described. MRI examination showed bilateral thalamic acute ischemic lesions in the zone anterior to the tuberothalamic branches. In the cognitive exploration, the patient showed verbal and visual memory disorders, impairment of the executive functions including inability to generate and make decisions and behavioural disorders including lack of inhibition, euphoria, and occasional aggressiveness. Two months later the patient had improved in the neuropsychological test scores but still suffered from severe recent memory loss, and certain behavioural disorders including lack of inhibition and euphoria. Other cases on thalamic infarcts with cognitive and behavioural impairments due to disconnection of the front subcortical pathways have been described in the literature.     

Mechanism of tuberothalamic infarction

Background and purpose: The tuberothalamic artery (TTA), one of the arteries supplying the paramedian thalamic area, is peculiar because it originates from the posterior communicating artery (p‐comA), which connects the vertebrobasilar and carotid systems. Methods: From Stroke Registry, 23 consecutive patients with an acute infarction involving the TTA were selected. We investigated the mechanism of TTA infarction. Results: Fourteen of 23 patients (61%) had coexisting infarctions outside the TTA territory (carotid in three, vertebrobasilar in seven, and both carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries in four patients). Coexisting lesions were most common in the posterior thalamoperforating arterial territory (seven patients). Eleven out of 14 patients (79%) with coexisting lesions had embolic sources from the heart or proximal atherosclerotic arteries, and cardioembolism was the most common mechanism. However, eight of the nine patients with isolated tuberothalamic lesions were classified as small vessel occlusions. More patients with embolic sources had visible p‐comA or fetal‐type posterior cerebral arteries. The vertebrobasilar arterial system played a more dominant role in developing tuberothalamic infarction than the carotid arterial system. Conclusions: Isolated TTA infarctions are rare and mostly because of small vessel occlusion. Patients with coexisting infarctions outside TTA territory usually have an embolic source, predominantly vertebral artery atherosclerosis.     

Thalamic infarcts--clinical aspects, neuropsychological findings, prognosis]

Results of clinical investigations and CCT of 23 patients with thalamic infarctions were evaluated retrospectively. Nineteen patients underwent a clinical and 15 a neuropsychological examination one to 5 years after their stroke. Regarding the affected vascular territory, the patients were divided into the following subgroups: paramedian infarctions (posterior thalamo-subthalamic arteries, 13 patients, among them 5 bilateral infarcts); anterolateral infarcts (tuberothalamic arteries, 5 patients); posterolateral infarcts (thalamo-geniculate arteries, 5 patients). The leading symptoms of paramedian thalamic infarcts were disturbance of consciousness, amnesia and vertical gaze palsy. The patients with anterolateral thalamic infarctions became acutely confused and disorientated, whereas those with posterolateral infarcts suffered from focal neurological deficits in the first place. Five patients with leftsided thalamic infarctions of varying localization were aphasic. Two patients died within the observation period. A slight hemiparesis was detected in two patients and a vertical gaze palsy in 4, respectively, by the neurological reexamination one to 5 years after the stroke, whereas the clinical findings in 11 patients were completely normal. However 5 patients had a chronic psychosyndrome. The neuropsychological examination showed in some cases disorders of visual retention and verbal function as well as deficits in concentration. Neither the character nor the degree of the neuropsychological deficits did depend on the affected vascular territory but on the existence of further cerebral infarcts on CT-scan.     

Movement disorders in ischemic stroke: clinical study of 22 patients

Movement disorders (bemichorea-hemiballismus, hemidystonia and isolated tremor) are an uncommon clinical manifestation in ischemic stroke (IS), and their anatomical basis is poorly understood. We analyzed the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of 22 consecutive patients who bad movement disorders associated with cerebral infarction (MDCI), studied at four institutions over 8 years. In one institution (from the La Alianza-Central Hospital of Barcelona Stroke Registry) nine patients with MDCI were identified among 1099 consecutive first ever stroke patients (0.8%) (908 with IS, 1%). Fifteen out of 22 patients (68%) had hemichorea-hemiballismus, five (23%) hemidystonia and two (9%) isolated tremor. MDCI were more often left sided (n = 15, 68%), being bilateral in one patient (4.5%). A lesion was found on neuroimaging (CT and/or MRI) in 15 patients (68%), in the territory of the posterior cerebral artery (n = 8) and middle cerebral artery (six deep and one superficial). The most commonly involved structure was the thalamus (n = 8, 36.5%). IS subtypes were; presumed lacunar infarcts in 14 patients (64%), atherothrombotic infarcts in two patients (9%), cardioembolic infarcts in two patients (9%) and infarcts of unknown etiology in four patients (18%). Hemichorea-hemiballismus was the most common type of MDCI in our study, usually being the result of a thalamic infarction. The thalamus was the most frequently damaged structure underlying all types of MDCI. There was a striking propensity of MDCI which resulted from nondominant deep hemispheric small vessel infarctions.     

Ipsilateral ptosis as main feature of tuberothalamic artery infarction

Tuberothalamic artery infarction (TTAI) results mainly in a myriad of neuropsychological symptoms such as memory impairment, euphoria, apathy, verbal perseverations, constructional apraxia and lack of spontaneity. Language disturbances, acalculia, buccofacial and limb apraxia occur prominently after left TTAI while visual spatial processing deficits and hemispatial neglect occur prominently after the right one. Some cases of TTAI causing Horner’s syndrome in addition of these wide-ranging neurobehavioral symptoms have been reported. Here, we report a case of TTAI with an ipsilateral ptosis as main clinical manifestation. This finding suggests that a Horner’s syndrome can be the main feature of TTAI when neuropsychological manifestations are inconspicuous.     

以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死临床类型及供血区分布

目的:探讨以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死临床类型及病灶供血区分布特征。方法:对26例经MRI确诊、以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:将眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死分为2种临床类型:①稳定型:单纯自发性持续性眩晕伴平衡失调(19/26例,73.1%);②进展型:以持续性眩晕、平衡失调为首发症状,起病2d后伴有延迟神经功能受累症状(7/26例,26.9%)。梗死病灶以小脑后下动脉内侧支(16/26例,61.5%)受累最为常见;其次为小脑前下动脉区(6/26例,23.1%)及小脑上动脉区(2/26例,7.7%)。未见多发小脑供血动脉区梗死患者以单纯眩晕为首发症状。结论:以眩晕为首发症状的小脑梗死以小脑后下动脉内侧支受累最为常见,绝大多数患者呈良性病程,但需警惕可能出现的延迟神经功能受累症状和体征。