Enteric prevalence of adenovirus in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients

To evaluate the prevalence of adenovirus strains in human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)-positive patients and to investigate their possible role in the onset of diarrhea, a total of 103 stools from HIV-seropositive patients at various stages of infection and 200 stools from sex and age cross-matched control subjects were examined. Adenovirus prevalence was measured by ELISA as well as conventional and rapid cell culture techniques. Results were compared between patients suffering from diarrhea and those without diarrhea. Adenovirus prevalence was statistically greater in HIV-seropositive cases than controls (8.7%, 2.5%, respectively). No significant difference was found between HIV-positive patients with diarrhea and those without gastrointestinal complications (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference in adenovirus prevalence was found between HIV-positive patients with diarrhea and control subjects with diarrhea (P = 0.02). Although viral prevalence varied with the different stages of HIV infection, differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, although current opinion considers adenovi-ruses to be no more than opportunistic pathogens, the results of this large-scale study do not exclude a potential reactivation of latent adenovirus in HIV infection and suggest that further effort should be directed to elucidating such a mechanism if it exists as well as investigating the specific role of certain adenovirus serotypes in provoking diarrhea during later stages of HIV infection. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 1 modulates Rev-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA expression

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) needs to overcome cellular counter mechanisms such as to successfully propagate itself. Results of our recent studies show that overexpression of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 1 (IMP1) inhibits production of infectious HIV-1 particles through adversely affecting virus maturation. Here, we report that IMP1 interacts with HIV-1 Rev protein and its ectopic expression causes relocation of Rev from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In accordance with this observation, ectopic expression of IMP1 severely diminishes Rev-dependent expression of CAT enzyme and disturbs HIV-1 RNA expression by causing accumulation of the multiple spliced viral RNA. Results of mutagenesis analysis further reveal that the KH4 domain represents the key element of IMP1 in modulating HIV-1 RNA expression. Taken together, these data suggest, in addition to hampering virus assembly, that IMP1 also has an effect on Rev-dependent viral RNA expression.     

诺如病毒衣壳蛋白重组人3型腺病毒的构建

目的 制备表达诺如病毒衣壳蛋白的重组人3型腺病毒.方法 将诺如病毒衣壳蛋白基因(Noro-orf2)克隆到腺病毒穿梭载体pBSE3CMV-egfp上,与线性化人3型腺病毒骨架质粒pBRAdv3共电转化感受态大肠杆菌BJ5183,使其在细菌内发生同源重组,带Noro-orf2基因的表达框置换腺病毒E3区,PCR及酶切筛选得到重组腺病毒质粒,将重组腺病毒质粒转染Hep-2细胞进行包装,获得感染性的重组腺病毒粒子,免疫组化分析重组腺病毒中诺如病毒衣壳蛋白的表达.结果 同源重组后经酶切和PCR鉴定证明插入Noro-orf2基因的重组腺病毒质粒pBRAdv3E3dNor成功构建,并经转染包装得到高滴度的重组腺病毒Adv3E3dNor,免疫组化证明诺如病毒衣壳蛋白得到表达.结论 成功构建表达诺如病毒衣壳蛋白的重组3型腺病毒Adv3E3dNor,为研制人3型腺病毒-诺如病毒双价疫苗奠定了基础.     

重组腺病毒HIV-1 vpr基因的构建和表达

目的 构建携带HIV-1 vpr基因的重组腺病毒,使CD4 T淋巴细胞C8166内源性的高表达Vpr蛋白.方法 利用AdEasy-1系统, 通过将含有目的 基因片段的穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV-vpr和骨架质粒pAdEasy-1在BJ5183细菌内同源重组的方法构建重组腺病毒质粒Ad-vpr, 用脂质体法将重组质粒转染至HEK293A细胞包装, 获得重组腺病毒Ad-vpr, 荧光显微镜观察Ad-vpr感染C8166细胞GFP的表达 , Western blotting鉴定Vpr在C8166细胞内的特异性表达,流式细胞术检测Ad-vpr感染 C8166细胞的效率.结果 成功构建携带HIV-1 vpr基因的重组腺病毒 ,Western blotting结果表明重组腺病毒Ad-vpr感染的C8166细胞内源性的高表达Vpr 蛋白,流式细胞术检测结果表明Ad-vpr感染C8166细胞效率高(44.07±3.62)%.结论 成功构建出携带HIV-1 vpr基因的重组腺病毒,使C8166细胞内源性的高表达Vpr蛋白.     

Immune response in rhesus macaques after mixed modality immunisations with DNA, recombinant adenovirus and recombinant gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1

The establishment of effective regimens for a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is urgently needed. In the present study we have produced HIV-1 gp120 from a vaccine-relevant primary R5 isolate in recombinant vaccinia (rVV)-infected Vero cells. We have investigated the effect of boosting with this protein in mixed modality immunisations of rhesus macaques following different immunisation. As reported earlier, animals were primed with codon-optimised HIV-1(BX08)env DNA delivered as plasmid or as replication-deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (rAd5), which both induced specific antibody and cellular immune responses (1). Boosting with rAd5 temporarily had increased the anti-gp120 antibody titres approximately 1 log (rAd5+rAd5) or 3 log (DNA+rAd5) (1). However, secondary rAd5 boosting showed less effect due to the induced vector-specific immunity. To further boost the antibody response, the rgp120(BX08) was injected with Quadri A saponin adjuvant. The protein boosting resulted in a 1-2 log antibody increase and also boosting of the cell-mediated immune response. Neutralising antibodies to the heterologous HIV-1(MN) were detected; however, neutralising antibodies to the primary HIV-1(Bx08) isolate were seen only transiently after rAd5 but not the rgp120 immunisation. It is concluded that the rgp120(Bx08) reagent from rVV-infected Vero cells is functional and immunogenic in macaques, inducing both antibody and cellular immunity. The rgp120(Bx08) is a relevant model antigen that may be used to boost antibody and cellular immunity in mixed modality vaccine regimens against HIV-1 in higher animals.     

Functional analysis of the interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev nuclear export signal with its cofactors

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev-mediated nuclear export of viral RNAs involves the interaction of its leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES) with nuclear cofactors. In yeast two-hybrid screens of a human lymph node derived cDNA expression library, we identified the human nucleoporin Nup98 as a highly specific and potent interactor of the Rev NES. Using an extensive panel of nuclear export positive and negative mutants of the functionally homologous NESs of the HIV-1 Rev, human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Rex, and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) Rev proteins, physiologically significant interaction of hNup98 with the various NESs was demonstrated. Missense mutations in the yeast nuclear export factor Crm1p that abrogated Rev NES interaction with the XXFG repeat-containing nucleoporin, Rab/hRIP, had minimal effects on the interaction of GLFG repeat-containing hNup98. Functional analysis of Nup98 domains required for nuclear localization demonstrated that the entire ORF was required for efficient incorporation into the nuclear envelope. A putative nuclear localization signal was identified downstream of the GLFG repeat region. Whereas overexpression of both full-length Nup98 and the amino-terminal GLFG repeat region, but not the unique carboxy-terminal region, induced significant suppression of HIV unspliced RNA export, lower levels of exogenous Nup98 expression resulted in a relatively modest increase in unspliced RNA export. These results suggest a physiological role for hNup98 in modulating Rev-dependent RNA export during HIV infection.     

人胸腺基质淋巴生成素基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及表达

目的: 构建含人胸腺基质淋巴生成素基因(TSLP)的重组腺病毒载体并表达, 以研究其免疫学功能。方法: 将由人胚肺细胞扩增得到的TSLP基因, 克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3. 1中, 再亚克隆至穿梭质粒pShuttle中, 并与腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy -1共同转化大肠杆菌。以获得的重组质粒线性化后转染HEK293细胞, 并包装成病毒颗粒。采用PCR法对重组腺病毒基因进行鉴定, 并以Westernblot检测TSLP蛋白的表达。结果: 通过细菌内同源重组, 成功构建带有人胸腺基质淋巴生成素基因的重组腺病毒质粒, 转染 293细胞后, 包装的重组病毒经PCR检测表明, 基因组含有目的基因,病毒的滴度可达 1×1011pfu/L。Westernblot证实, 感染的肿瘤细胞中有相应基因产物的表达。结论: 通过菌内重组可高效制备带有特定基因的重组病毒。所制备的Ad -TSLP可成功表达相应基因产物, 为进一步研究这一新型细胞因子的功能奠定了基础。     

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated neuropathogenesis: targeted gene delivery by a Sindbis virus expression vector

Sindbis virus (SIN) expression vectors offer the opportunity for studying neuropathogenesis because of their distinct neural cell tropism. Here, we demonstrate that a recombinant SIN vector expressing EGFP (SINrep5-EGFP) infected multiple cell types including neural cells from several species relevant to lentivirus pathogenesis with high levels of transgene expression. Infection of human neurons by a recombinant SIN (SINrep5-JRFL) expressing the full-length envelope from a neurovirulent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain (JRFL) caused increased cytotoxicity compared to infection with SINrep5-EGFP (P < 0.001), while no cytotoxicity was observed among infected human astrocytes or monocytoid cells. Both human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) (P < 0.01) and astrocytes (P < 0.001) infected with SINrep5-JRFL released soluble neurotoxins in contrast to SINrep5-EGFP or mock-infected cells, although this was most prominent for the astrocytes. Implantation of SINrep5-JRFL into the brains of SCID/NOD mice induced neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and neurobehavioral changes characteristic of HIV-1 infection, which were not present in SINrep5-EGFP or mock-infected animals. Thus SIN expression vectors represent novel tools for studying in vitro and in vivo HIV-1 neuropathogenesis because of their high levels of transgene expression in specific cell types within the brain.     

大鼠GLUT1基因的扩增及其重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的:构建携带大鼠葡萄糖转运体1基因（GLUT1）的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体，为进一步研究脑缺血缺氧引起的神经元死亡机制奠定基础。方法:采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）的方法获取大鼠GLUT1基因全长cDNA，将其克隆至穿梭质粒pShuttle中构建穿梭质粒pShuttle-Glut1，经酶切后与线性化的腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeno-X体外连接并转化大肠杆菌DH5α，构建重组腺病毒质粒pAd-Glut1，酶切线性化重组腺病毒质粒后转染HEK293细胞包装成重组病毒颗粒，重组腺病毒在HEK293细胞中反复扩增数代后，分别用聚合酶链反应（PCR）及免疫印迹法（Western blotting）从基因和蛋白表达水平鉴定重组的腺病毒。结果:经PCR分析及DNA测序显示GLUT1 cDNA序列正确；筛选出重组腺病毒质粒pAd-Glut1后在HEK293细胞中成功包装出重组病毒，包装后冻融细胞行PCR及Western blotting检测表明重组腺病毒包装成功。结论:成功扩增了大鼠GLUT1基因并构建了携带大鼠GLUT1基因的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体，这有助于研究脑缺血缺氧引起的神经元死亡的机制。     

汉滩病毒G1S0.7嵌合基因重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

目的在本室前期工作的基础上构建汉滩病毒M基因G1片段与S基因0.7kb片段嵌合基因的重组腺病毒。方法构建含有汉滩病毒G1S0.7嵌合基因的转移载体pShuttle-G1S0.7,然后通过特异性的酶切将嵌合基因与腺病毒DNA相连,电转化E.coli JM109,获得重组腺病毒Adeno-G1S0.7 DNA,转染HFX293细胞得到重组腺病毒。进一步对重组腺病毒的滴度和表达产物进行鉴定。结果构建的含G1S0.7嵌合基因的重组腺病毒,滴度可达10^13～10^15 PFU／L;该重组腺病毒感染Vero-E6细胞后,表达出可被抗汉滩病毒核蛋白及糖蛋白G1的特异性单抗（mAb）所识别的融合蛋白。结论利用腺病毒表达系统,成功地表达同时具有核蛋白及糖蛋白G1生物学活性的融合蛋白,为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础。     

Identification of immunoglobulin recombinant elements in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene.

Recently, it has been recognised that the amino acid motif VQL(N/V)ES is shared between the second conserved domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and the first framework (FW1) of human IgG heavy chain variable region (subgroup III) (VHIII). We have found that nucleotide sequence corresponding to this motif contains some recombination elements characteristic for the genes of human Ig heavy-chain variable region. The possible role of the Ig recombination elements in HIV-1 envelope gene variability, AIDS pathogenesis and vaccine design is discussed.     

靶向蛋白激酶B1、环氧合酶2和磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶调节亚基1 shRNA腺病毒表达载体的构建及其抗胃腺癌增殖作用的研究

-C-A-P转染组细胞贴壁生长能力明显减低,体内实验中肿瘤生长也明显减慢(P<0.01).结论 靶向COX-2,AKT1和PIK3R1的shRNA技术可以序列特异性地抑制SGC7901细胞的COX-2,AKT1和PIK3R1表达,在体内外对SGC7901细胞增殖产生明显抑制作用.     

携带中国株HIV-1 gp120基因的重组腺病毒的构建及其感染巨噬细胞的形态学研究

目的: 构建携带中国株HIV-1 gp120基因并可感染小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞(BMM)的重组腺病毒。方法: 利用AdMax腺病毒构建系统,以双质粒共转染人胚肾转化细胞293Ad5⁺细胞,完成重组腺病毒载体包装,并进一步扩增和纯化。通过ELISA测定gp120的蛋白产量,以确认目的基因重组与表达成功。以Karber法对病毒进 行TCID₅₀滴度测定,利用BMM进行感染复数(MOI)流式细胞术测定,并利用荧光显微镜观察细胞活化形态。结果: 成功构建AdMax-HIV-1 gp120(简称Ad-gp120)及其对照病毒(Ad-GFP),其滴度分别为10^8.3和10^8.1 TCID₅₀/mL。这些病毒可感染BMM,MOI测定结果表明2种重组腺病毒感染BMM和293Ad5⁺细胞的能力接近,验证了上述TCID₅₀滴度结果。Ad-gp120可在293Ad5⁺细胞中表达gp120蛋白,并可感染和诱导BMM相关形态改变。结论: 成功构建Ad-gp120,其感染可致BMM出现形态发生改变。     

人免疫缺陷病毒1(HIV-1)膜蛋白基因片段在酵母中的克隆表达

目的为获得足够量的膜糖蛋白,以便于对不同ＨＩＶ分离株膜糖蛋白的结构与功能进行进一步的研究。方法从人免疫缺陷病毒１（ＨＩＶ－１）ＨＸＢ２分离株原病毒基因组的重组质粒ｐＨＸＢ２中克隆了两段膜糖蛋白基因（ＥＮＶ）片段。以酵母穿梭诱导表达质粒ｐＹＥＳ２为载体,构建了两个相应的重组表达质粒ｐＹＥＮＶ１和ｐＹＥＮＶ２;进一步利用大肠杆菌β－半乳糖苷酶基因（β－ｌａｃＺ）构建了ＨＩＶ－１膜外糖蛋白ＤＮＡ片段与β－ｌａｃＺ基因的融合表达质粒。将此３种质粒分别转化单细胞真核生物酿酒酵母ＢＪ１９９１,得到的转化子经半乳糖诱导表达后进行菌体全蛋白的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析。结果克隆的基因片段在酿酒酵母中产生了分子质量为５０×１０３的特异性诱导蛋白;对含此融合表达质粒的酵母转化子半乳糖诱导后表达产物的免疫检测表明,与对照菌株相比,融合表达产物具有和ＨＩＶ－１阳性血清抗体反应的抗原性。结论可通过β－半乳糖苷酶活性的测定直接指示抗原片段的表达;为表达的膜糖蛋白片段的进一步分离纯化打下了一定基础     

人呼吸道合胞病毒融合糖蛋白非复制型重组腺病毒的构建和表达

目的 构建含有A亚型人呼吸道合胞病毒(Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus,RSV)融合糖蛋白(Fusion glycoprotein,F)基因的非复制型第一代重组腺病毒(First generation odenovirns vector,FGAd),并研究F基因在重组腺病毒中的表达.方法 利用限制性内切酶Xho Ⅰ和HindⅢ从质粒pGEM3zf-F中切下目的 基因F,克隆至穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV,再与pAdeaRy-1在大肠埃希菌BJ5183中进行同源重组,鉴定正确后,用脂质体法转染293细胞,Western Blot鉴定目的 基因表达.结果 获得了表达RSV F基因的非复制型重组腺病毒FGAd/F,Western Blot检测到F基因的表达.结论 获得一株可表达A亚型BSV F的非复制型重组腺病毒FGAd/F,可用于体内研究观察其免疫效果及免疫保护作用.