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目的描述和解释中国八省1991~2000年营养不良、营养过剩个体在同一家庭内并存的纵向趋势及主要影响因素。方法采用"中国居民健康与营养调查"项目1991、1993、1997、2000年的调查数据。以住户为研究对象,按照0~60岁家庭成员的营养状况将住户分为正常家庭、营养不良家庭、营养过剩家庭、营养不良和营养过剩并存家庭四个类型。并存发生的纵向影响因素分析采用多水平模型。结果中国八省四年的调查住户并存率分别为7.9%、7.7%、6.0%、6.8%,随年代变化呈下降趋势(Z=2.54,P=0.0112)。1991~2000年期间,城市居住、机动车拥有、洗衣机拥有对并存的发生有持续促进作用。结论中国营养不良和营养过剩并存家庭的出现是营养状况变迁的特征之一。营养改善等项目要兼顾营养不良成员与营养过剩成员并存的复杂现实。 相似文献
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目的 研究小儿外科住院患者不同营养水平对住院天数、住院费用的影响。方法 选取泉州市妇幼保健院·儿童医院2018年11月1日—2019年10月31日收治的2 088例小儿外科住院患者,按营养水平不同分为正常、营养不良、超重肥胖3组,分别为1 872例、144例、72例。0~5岁用2007年WHO判定标准,> 5~18岁按WS/T 456—2014《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》、WS/T 586—2018《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》判定标准。3组均接受常规外科手术治疗,比较3组住院天数、住院费用的差异。结果 小儿外科住院患者营养不良占比和超重肥胖占比分别为6.9%和3.4%。各年龄段与男女间营养不良占比差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);>5~18岁超重肥胖占比(7.9%)高于0~1岁组(2.3%)和> 1~5岁组(1.6%)(P <0.05)。> 5~18岁男性超重肥胖占比(9.7%)高于女性(1.7%)(P <0.05);营养不良组住院天数、住院总费用高于超重肥胖组与正常组。结论 泉州市妇幼保健院·儿童医院小儿外科> 5~18岁男性住... 相似文献
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目的 研究生命早期食物短缺及营养不良对成年后超重和肥胖患病危险的影响,对成年人慢性病的原因溯源,为国家制订妇女儿童营养改善政策提供科学依据。方法 应用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查资料,将三年自然灾害(1959—1961年)出生的研究对象作为受灾害影响人群,将灾害之后(1964年)出生的人群作为未受灾害影响人群(对照组),比较两组人群平均体重指数(BMI)及超重和肥胖患病率,并计算受灾害影响组人群患超重和肥胖的相对危险度(OR)。结果1959—1961年出生女性的BMI均值显著高于未受灾害影响的1964年出生的女性(P〈0.01),调整地区等因素后,1959—1961年出生女性的超重患病率均显著高于1964年出生的对照组女性(P〈0.05);1959、1960年出生女性的肥胖患病率显著高于1964年出生的对照组女性(P〈0.05)。与1964年出生女性比较,生命早期受灾害影响的1959—1961年出生女性患超重的危险性分别增加28.9%(OR值95%CI为1.063~1.565)、37.2%(OR值95%CI为1.136~1.658)、35.2%(OR值95%CI为1.103~1.657),1959、1960年出生女性患肥胖的危险性分别增加46.5%(OR值95%CI为1.088~1.972)、39.6%(OR值95%CI为1.039~1.876)。而男性四组之间的平均BMI水平、超重和肥胖患病率的差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论 生命早期遭受食物供应不足及营养不良可能会使成年后患超重和肥胖的危险性增加,制订适合国情的妇女、儿童营养改善政策,特别是控制新生儿低体重的有效措施对预防成年后慢性病的发生具有重要意义。 相似文献
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目的 了解北京市3~7岁学龄前儿童营养不良和超重肥胖率的变化情况,评价城乡儿童生长发育趋势差异。方法 数据来源于北京市2000—2020年间5次国民体质监测,共计纳入31 117名3~6岁儿童,计算生长发育指标,采用χ2检验和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验进行分析。结果 2000—2020年北京市学龄前儿童生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦率分别从1.5%、1.4%、0.9%下降到0.6%、0.6%、0.8%,超重率、肥胖率从17.1%、4.8%上升到20.1%、9.6%。2020年城乡男女童生长迟缓率和低体重率均低于1%,2010年后农村男女童肥胖率超过城市男女童,2014年后农村男女童超重率超过城市男女童。趋势检验显示2000—2020年农村儿童营养不良率下降(生长迟缓、低体重P<0.001),超重、肥胖率上升(P<0.001);城市女童呈两极化趋势,消瘦率上升(Z=2.426,P=0.015),肥胖率也呈上升趋势(Z=3.405,P=0.001)。结论 农村学龄前儿童营养不良率下降,超重肥胖率持续增高反超城市儿童,需要有效的营养政策和健康战略应对儿... 相似文献
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本文随机整群抽取上海市南市区两所中学的初一、初二、高一和高二学生,以WHO推荐的“身高标准体重”法筛选出346名不同程度营养不良者,检测多种形态、功能和生化指标,通过分析各指标与营养不良程度的关系以及多种指标间的相关性,结果发现:二处皮褶厚度之和,臂肌围,血清前为蛋白三指标敏感性高,代表性强,如再辅以血红蛋白,尿羟脯氨酸/肌酐比值测定,可以较为全面地检测和评价青少年现时营养不良状况。 相似文献
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目的探讨高校在职副高及以上教授高脂血症与其并存疾病的相关性。方法对某高校2007年5月副高及以上教授体检结果中的高脂血症与并存疾病进行分析研究。结果254名副高及以上教授检出高脂血症82例(32.28%)、脂肪肝68例(26.77%)、肝功能异常33例(12.99%)、高血糖19例(7.48%)、高尿酸血症39例(15.35%)、高血压58例(22.83%)、胆囊结石40例(15.75%)、胆囊炎27例(10.63%)、冠心病20例(7.87%)、肥胖症79例(31.10%)。高脂血症组中并存疾病的患病率明显高于非高脂血症组,两组差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论银杏叶提取物注射液具有清除自由基、降低血浆OX—LDL水平的作用。 相似文献
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住院病人的营养不良风险筛查 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:采用主观全面评定法(SGA),营养风险评估2002(NRS 2002),营养不良通用筛查工具(MUST)和微型营养评定简表(MNA-SF),对住院病人进行评估,以确定营养风险筛查工具的临床适用性. 方法:对856例住院病人在入院后48 h内采用4种营养筛查工具进行营养筛查,以MNA简表为标准,绘制其他3种营养筛查工具的ROC曲线及曲线下面积(AUC),评估其特异性、灵敏度和Youden指数. 结果:使用MUST、SGA、NRS 20002以及MNA-SF进行评估,营养不良或存在营养不良风险的检出率分别为13.3%,13.6%,49.5%和56.0%.以MNA-SF为标准,绘制SGA、NRS 2002和MUST的ROC曲线,AUC分别为0.616、0.809和0.715,灵敏度分别为23.8%、74.5%和46.8%;特异性分别为99.5%、87.3%和96.3%;Youden指数分别为0.233、0.618和0.431.结论:4种营养筛查工具中,NRS 2002的灵敏度和正确性最高,建议病人入院时采用NRS 2002进行营养筛查. 相似文献
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颜庆华 《保健医学研究与实践》2007,4(4):12-14
目的 探讨高脂血症与其并存疾病的相关性,为临床诊断治疗提供可靠的科学依据.方法 对某高校2005年度教职工体检结果中的高脂血症与并存疾病进行分析.结果 712名教职工检出高脂血症257例(36.10%),并存有脂肪肝171例(24.02%)、肝功能异常104例(14.61%)、高血糖55例(7.72%)、高尿酸血症138例(19.38%)、高血压185例(25.98%)、胆囊结石134例(18.82%)、胆囊炎129例(18.12%)、冠心病68例(9.55%),高脂血症组中并存疾病的检出率明显高于非高脂血症组,两组差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);年龄越大,高脂血症及其并存的检出率越高.结论 高脂血症与其并存疾病关系密切,其检出率随年龄增加而升高.改变不良生活方式是预防此类疾病的主要措施. 相似文献
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颜庆华 《保健医学研究与实践》2007,(4)
目的探讨高脂血症与其并存疾病的相关性,为临床诊断治疗提供可靠的科学依据。方法对某高校2005年度教职工体检结果中的高脂血症与并存疾病进行分析。结果712名教职工检出高脂血症257例(36.10%),并存有脂肪肝171例(24.02%)、肝功能异常104例(14.61%)、高血糖55例(7.72%)、高尿酸血症138例(19.38%)、高血压185例(25.98%)、胆囊结石134例(18.82%)、胆囊炎129例(18.12%)、冠心病68例(9.55%),高脂血症组中并存疾病的检出率明显高于非高脂血症组,两组差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);年龄越大,高脂血症及其并存的检出率越高。结论高脂血症与其并存疾病关系密切,其检出率随年龄增加而升高。改变不良生活方式是预防此类疾病的主要措施。 相似文献
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目的探讨高校在职副高及以上教授高脂血症与其并存疾病的相关性。方法对某高校2007年5月副高及以上教授体检结果中的高脂血症与并存疾病进行分析研究。结果254名副高及以上教授检出高脂血症82例(32.28%)、脂肪肝68例(26.77%)、肝功能异常33例(12.99%)、高血糖19例(7.48%)、高尿酸血症39例(15.35%)、高血压58例(22.83%)、胆囊结石40例(15.75%)、胆囊炎27例(10.63%)、冠心病20例(7.87%)、肥胖症79例(31.10%)。高脂血症组中并存疾病的患病率明显高于非高脂血症组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高脂血症与其并存疾病关系密切,互为因果,彼此相关。 相似文献
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Studies assessing maternal dietary intakes and the relationship with birthweight are inconsistent, thus attempting to draw inferences on the role of maternal nutrition in determining the fetal growth trajectory is difficult. The aim of this review is to provide updated evidence from epidemiological and randomized controlled trials on the impact of dietary and supplemental intakes of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, folate, iron, calcium, and vitamin D, as well as dietary patterns, on infant birthweight. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken via the electronic databases Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Medline. Included articles were those published in English, in scholarly journals, and which provided information about diet and nutrition during pregnancy and infant birthweight. There is insufficient evidence for omega-3 fatty acid supplements’ ability to reduce risk of low birthweight (LBW), and more robust evidence from studies supplementing with zinc, calcium, and/or vitamin D needs to be established. Iron supplementation appears to increase birthweight, particularly when there are increases in maternal hemoglobin concentrations in the third trimester. There is limited evidence supporting the use of folic acid supplements to reduce the risk for LBW; however, supplementation may increase birthweight by ~130 g. Consumption of whole foods such as fruit, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and lean meats throughout pregnancy appears beneficial for appropriate birthweight. Intervention studies with an understanding of optimal dietary patterns may provide promising results for both maternal and perinatal health. Outcomes from these studies will help determine what sort of dietary advice could be promoted to women during pregnancy in order to promote the best health for themselves and their baby. 相似文献
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目的 比较学龄前儿童及其父母、祖父母及外祖父母三代直系亲属之间超重、肥胖发生率的差异,探究直系亲属超重、肥胖与儿童肥胖的关系,为预防和减少学龄前儿童肥胖的发生提供科学依据。方法 2019年5-6月,对南京市雨花台区辖区内幼儿园采用整群分层随机抽样调查方法,共有2 217名3~5岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集所有研究对象年龄、性别、出生体重及其父母、祖父母及外祖父母年龄、体重、身高等信息,并采用统一标准方法测量儿童的体重、身高,分析直系亲属超重、肥胖与儿童超重、肥胖之间的关系。结果 学龄前儿童超重发生率7.80%、肥胖发生率2.75%。儿童中男性肥胖发生率明显高于女性(3.4% vs. 2.0%, P<0.05);在中年父母辈中,男性的超重及肥胖发生率分别为36.1%、11.1%,均显著高于女性(13.6%、3.3%)(P<0.001),而在祖父母辈,女性的肥胖发生率却显著高于男性(祖父母:10.1% vs. 5.9%,P<0.001;外祖父母:7.5% vs. 6.2%,P<0.05)。经有序Logistic回归模型分析,母亲超重(OR=1.614,95%CI:1.132~2.301,P<0.01)及父亲肥胖(OR=2.584,95%CI:1.773~3.765,P<0.001)是导致儿童超重肥胖的独立危险因素;而二代亲属祖父母和外祖父母肥胖与儿童肥胖无显著关系。结论 直系三代亲属中,中年男性的超重、肥胖发生率最高,父母超重、肥胖可导致学龄前儿童肥胖发生风险显著增加。 相似文献
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George Kent 《Ecology of food and nutrition》2013,52(3):281-294
People eat fish directly, and they also consume it indirectly in the form of feed for livestock such as pigs and poultry. Despite widespread malnutrition in developing countries, the data indicate that on a per capita basis people in developed countries use about four times as much fish as people in less developed countries. Nevertheless, people in developing countries tend to be far more dependant on fish because it accounts for a far higher proportion of their animal protein intake. The high levels of fish consumption in developed countries is partly due to their high levels of imports of fish products from developing countries. The export of large quantities of fish (and other food) from poor countries may help to account for the malnutrition in poor countries. With adaptations in the production, processing, and distribution phases of operations, fisheries could be managed so as to help alleviate malnutrition. The potential was recognized by the World Conference on Fisheries Management and Development held in Rome in the summer of 1984 when it approved a new “Action Programme on the Promotion of the Role of Fisheries in Alleviating Malnutrition.” 相似文献
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Westergren A Lindholm C Axelsson C Ulander K 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2008,12(1):39-43
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of eating difficulties and malnutrition among persons in hospital care
and in special accommodations.Design: The cross-sectional observational study was performed in Nov. 2005.Setting: Hospitals and special accommodations.Participants: Out of 2945 persons, 2600 (88%) agreed to participate (1726 from special accommodations and 874 from hospitals). In total
all special accommodations in six municipalities and six hospitals were involved.Measurements: Risk of undernutrition was estimated as at least two of: body mass index below recommendation, weight loss and/or eating
difficulties. Overweight was graded based on body mass index (if 69 years or younger: 25 or above: if 70 years or older: 27
or above).Results: The mean age of those living in hospitals was 69 years and 53% were women, while the corresponding figures for those in
special accommodations were 85 years and 69% women. In hospitals and special accommodations, eating difficulties were common
(49% and 56% respectively) and about one quarter had a body mass index (BMI) below the limits (20% and 30% respectively) and
one-third above the limit (39% and 30% respectively) thus only about 40% had a BMI within the limits. Both in hospitals and
in special accommodations 27% were considered to have a moderate or high risk of undernutrition. Conclusion: Only about 40%
in special accommodations and hospital care have a BMI within the recommended limits. As both low and high BMI are frequent
in both settings, the focus of care should not only be on undernutrition but also on overweight. Using the Swedish criteria
for defining risk of undernutrition seems to give a slightly lower prevalence than has been shown in previous Swedish studies,
but this can be due to an underestimation of the occurrence of eating difficulties. 相似文献
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Objective To investigate the incidences of nutrition risks, malnutrition ( undernutrition),overweight, and obesity, and nutrition support in tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region. Methods Using fixed-point consecutive sampling, we collected the clinical data of inpatients in 6 departments of five tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang. According to the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002 ) published by European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, patients were graded as at nutritional risk when their NRS 2002 scores ≥3 and as malnutrition when the body mass index (BMI) was < 18.5 kg/m2 (or albumin < 30 g/L). NRS 2002 screening was performed on the next morning after a patient was admitted. The nutrition supports within 2 weeks after admission were also investigated. The relationship between nutrition risks and nutrition support was analyzed.Results A total of 4036 inpatients were investigated, among them 3913 patients received NRS 2002 screening.The malnutrition (undernutrition) rate and the proportion of patients at nutritional risk were 8.4% and 34. 2%, respectively. The percentage of nutrition support was 10. 2%, which included parenteral nutrition (8. 5% ) and ena simple, fast and convenient tool for the investigation of nutrition risks and can provide a basis for reasonable nutrition support Therefore, it should be widely applied in clinical practice. 相似文献
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目前,儿童营养不足的情况在我国农村和贫困山区仍较常见,常因蛋白质与锌、铁等微量元素摄入不足,出现生长发育迟缓、低体重、贫血等现象.生长激素(GH)/胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-l)轴是促进儿童和青少年生长发育的主要调控因素.本文主要总结了儿童和青少年营养不足对GH/IGF-1轴的影响,以及在评估GH/IGF-1轴时考... 相似文献