Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents

Regular physical activity consistently demonstrates an inverse relationship with coronary heart disease and has positive effects on quality of life and other psychological variables. Despite the benefits of exercise, many youth and adults maintain a sedentary lifestyle. Interventions are needed, particularly with youth, to increase levels of physical activity. A better understanding of the psychosocial predictors of physical activity will aid in structuring these interventions. Longitudinal data from a cohort of 743 10th-grade students from the control condition of the Stanford Adolescent Heart Health Program were analyzed. Regression analysis indicated that psychosocial variables were significantly related to physical activity after controlling for baseline levels of physical activity and BMI. Associations with physical activity were found for intention to exercise, self-efficacy, stress, and direct social influence. The designers of future interventions should consider including program components that target these variables.     

Promoting dietary change in adolescents: a school-based approach for modifying and maintaining healthful behavior

We examined the immediate and long-term effects of a school-based, behaviorally focused dietary change program for tenth-graders. Our behavioral change objectives included increased consumption of complex carbohydrates and decreased intake of saturated fats, sugar, and salt, particularly in the form of snack foods. We randomly assigned tenth-grade classes in two northern California high schools to either a five-session dietary change program or an assessment-only control group. We collected pre- and postprogram self-report data on 218 students in areas of dietary knowledge, behavior, attitudes, food availability in the home, and intentions and self-efficacy concerning eating in specific ways. We also observed school snack choices both directly and indirectly. Our results indicated significant changes in reported behavior, knowledge, and food availability at home, as well as changes in snack choices at school. We found these changes to be durable at one-year follow-up. Our findings suggest ways in which school-based programs focused on behavioral and environmental changes may be effective in promoting dietary changes at school and at home.     

Psychosocial predictors of intended condom use among Zimbabwean adolescents

In a test of the predictive capacity of the Health Belief Model,the association of perceived susceptibility to HIV, severityof HIV infection, efficacy of HIV-preventive solutions, facilitatingcues and barriers to action with intended condom use was examinedamong 343 male and 220 female Zimbabwean adolescents. Of these,57% of males and 17% of females were reportedly sexually experienced,amongst whom 34% of males and 41% of females reported consistentcondom use. Predictors of intended condom use were examinedseparately for each sex, using bivariate odds-ratio analysisof individual health beliefs, simultaneous logistic regressionon individual beliefs with significant bivariate associationswith intended condom use and simultaneous logistic regressionon Health Belief Model subscales comprised of aggregated individualbeliefs belonging to each element of the model. These analysesindicated that, whereas facilitating cues and barriers to actionwere the principal determinants of intended condom use amongmales, perceived social support for condom use was the majordeterminant of intended condom use among females. These resultssuggest that while HIV-prevention approaches for each sex havemuch in common, somewhat different emphasis for males and femalesmay be appropriate.     

Predictors of self-initiated, healthful dietary change

OBJECTIVE: To examine demographic and psychosocial factors that predict healthful dietary change. DESIGN: A cohort study, examining how factors assessed at baseline predicted change in fat-related dietary habits and fruit and vegetable intakes 2 years later. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recruited in 1995 and 1996 by random-digit dialing (response rate 0.63), and followed-up in 1997 and 1998 (follow-up rate 0.82). The final sample included 336 men and 502 women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fruit and vegetable intake and fat-related dietary patterns, measured by telephone-administered surveys. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Chi2 tests and linear regression were used to test associations of baseline characteristics with dietary change. RESULTS: Fat intake (energy from fat) decreased by approximately 2 percentage points and fruits and vegetables intake increased by 0.17 servings per day (both P<.001). Changes were significantly larger among women and persons who were well educated. Persons in the maintenance stage of change and persons who believed there was a strong relationship between diet and cancer made the largest dietary changes. Use of food labels was strongly associated with fat reduction, but not with increases in fruits and vegetables. APPLICATIONS: These results suggest that food labels are useful for helping people reduce fat intake, that interventions should target persons at all stages of dietary change, and that new efforts are needed to reach men and persons who are less well educated.     

Psychosocial predictors of quality of life among South Africa adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy

Quality of Life Research - Minimal research has been conducted to understand how fatigue influences quality of life (QOL) among adolescents living with HIV. The purpose of the study was to examine...     

Psychosocial correlates of eating behavior in children and adolescents: a review

Background  

Understanding the correlates of dietary intake is necessary in order to effectively promote healthy dietary behavior among children and adolescents. A literature review was conducted on the correlates of the following categories of dietary intake in children and adolescents: Fruit, Juice and Vegetable Consumption, Fat in Diet, Total Energy Intake, Sugar Snacking, Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Dietary Fiber, Other Healthy Dietary Consumption, and Other Less Healthy Dietary Consumption in children and adolescents.     

抑郁障碍青少年自杀行为预测因素研究进展

近年来,青少年自杀行为的发生率逐年升高,成为威胁青少年身心健康乃至生命的严重公共卫生问题。抑郁障碍青少年是自杀行为发生的高危人群。研究从影响抑郁障碍青少年自杀行为的个人心理因素、家庭因素以及学校和社会因素3个方面进行综述,为青少年自杀行为的有效预防提供科学依据。     

中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

  目的  了解中国青少年心理亚健康与饮食行为的相关性,为改善青少年心理亚健康提供科学依据。  方法  2015—2017年在中国六大行政区采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取16 545名13~22岁青少年,采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents, MSQA)的心理问卷进行心理亚健康测试,同时进行饮食行为调查。  结果  男生在早餐、零食、碳酸饮料、蔬菜、鱼肉以及乳制品方面“基本都吃/喝”的比例分别为76.2%,20.2%,19.0%,78.4%,52.4%,59.2%,女生分别为79.2%,28.6%,12.6%,78.3%,43.2%,54.9%,除“蔬菜”选项外,其他各项在性别间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为20.79,320.10,229.06,150.27,32.21,P值均 < 0.01)。心理亚健康方面,男生心理亚健康状态、品行亚健康和社会适应亚健康检出率分别为20.7%,26.0%,17.2%,女生分别为18.6%,24.1%,14.8%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为17.32,7.66,17.46,P值均 < 0.01)。控制年龄和性别后,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早餐“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、蔬菜“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、鱼肉“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、牛奶、乳制品“基本都喝”和“偶尔喝”与心理亚健康状态的发生均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.60,0.73;0.50,0.65;0.74,0.77;0.73,0.69,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  健康的饮食行为是避免青少年产生心理亚健康的保护因素。建议学校针对家长及学生定期开展膳食营养讲座及发放膳食营养指导手册,学校食堂配备公共营养师指导日常配餐等。     

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for healthful dietary change in African Americans

OBJECTIVE: To describe associations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for dietary change with participant characteristics and current diet among African Americans. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 658 African American adults in North Carolina provided information on intrinsic (self-image and health concerns) and extrinsic (social influence) motivation scales, participant characteristics, and diet. RESULTS: Most respondents considered it important to change their diet for health reasons; fewer were motivated by self-image or social influence. Motivation scales were significantly associated with demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics and fat, but not fruit/vegetable consumption, after adjustment for covariates (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tailoring on intrinsic and extrinsic motives may improve the effectiveness of dietary interventions in African Americans.     

Psychosocial predictors of acculturative stress in Central American immigrants

Little previous research has examined acculturative stress among Central American immigrants in the United States. This study explored psychosocial predictors of acculturative stress in a sample of Central American immigrants in Los Angeles. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed that family dysfunction, nonmarried status, ineffective social support, nonpositive expectations for the future, infrequent church attendance, and lack of agreement with the decision to migrate were significantly associated with greater levels of acculturative stress. The findings highlight the importance of using culturally relevant clinical methods when assessing and treating acculturating individuals.     

Psychosocial predictors of increases in fruit and vegetable consumption

OBJECTIVES: To examine psychosocial predictors of changes in fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS: Baseline psychosocial variables were used to explain differences in changes in consumption in 83 healthy women with children after they received free fruit and vegetables for one month. RESULTS: One-month changes in fruit consumption (mean 144; SE 16 g/day) were positively associated with perceived costs and perceived health benefits for the children, and negatively associated with perceived behavioral control. Changes in vegetable consumption (68 (11) g/day) were positively related with the intention to eat at least 200 g of vegetables and taste preferences of the children. CONCLUSIONS: Fruit and vegetable consumption may be encouraged by influencing the above variables.     

Psychosocial influences in dietary patterns during pregnancy

There is increasing evidence that psychosocial factors may affect dietary intakes and health. The current analysis examined the association of six indices of psychosocial well-being with dietary intake during pregnancy. One hundred thirty-four women with low-risk, normal pregnancies participated in a cross-sectional, observational study that assessed dietary intake at 28 weeks' gestation. Psychosocial characteristics, including anxiety, depressed mood, anger, fatigue, social support, and stress were assessed between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation. Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated to determine the relationships between psychosocial factors and diet. Findings suggest that pregnant women who were more fatigued, stressed, and anxious consumed more foods, as evidenced by their increased macronutrient intakes, while appearing to have decreased intakes of some micronutrients. Psychosocial factors should be considered when counseling women regarding diet during pregnancy.     

Maternal healthful dietary patterns during peripregnancy and long-term overweight risk in their offspring

European Journal of Epidemiology - Adherence to healthful dietary patterns is associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in adults; however, whether maternal diet quality during peripregnancy is...     

儿童青少年饮食行为模式的家庭影响因素分析

目的 了解7～18岁儿童青少年的饮食行为模式,并评估影响饮食行为模式的家庭因素。方法 在北京市房山区采用分层整群抽样的方法按城市、乡村、小学、初中进行分层,每层抽取4所学校,通过体格检查和问卷调查,共得到2 438份学生及其家长合格数据。通过因子分析得到儿童青少年的饮食行为模式;采用秩和检验和Pearson相关分析对家庭特征与饮食行为模式进行单因素分析;采用混合线性模型分析饮食行为模式与不同家庭特征之间的关系。结果 确定了2种饮食行为模式,即风险饮食行为和保护饮食行为模式。母亲BMI是儿童青少年风险饮食行为模式的影响因素（P=0.011）。除父亲BMI外,独生子女、父母文化程度、家庭月收入、父母生育年龄和母亲BMI均与保护饮食行为模式有关（均P<0.05）。调整儿童青少年性别、年龄、城乡和BMI z评分后,父母文化程度较低和有更高家庭月收入家庭的孩子更倾向于风险饮食行为模式（β=-0.10,95% CI：-0.16～-0.04; β=0.07,95% CI：0.02～0.12）。保护饮食行为模式与父母文化程度（β=0.08,95% CI：0.02～0.14）、家庭月收入（β=0.06,95% CI：0.02～0.11）和母亲生育年龄（β=0.02,95% CI：0.00～0.03）呈正相关。独生子女家庭的孩子更符合保护饮食行为模式（β=-0.13,95% CI：-0.22～-0.03）。结论 不同家庭特征下儿童青少年的饮食行为存在差异,在饮食行为干预中应促进较低父母文化程度、低家庭月收入、低母亲生育年龄和多子女家庭孩子的保护饮食行为的建立,纠正低父母文化程度和高家庭月收入孩子的风险饮食行为。