多胺在异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚中的作用及意义

目的： 研究多胺、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)及精脒/精胺乙酰基转移酶（SSAT）在异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚中的作用及机制。方法: 异丙肾上腺素（ISO）皮下注射复制大鼠心肌肥厚模型,应用反向高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）、RT-PCR和Western blotting结合图像分析系统,分别检测ISO作用不同时点大鼠心肌组织多胺含量、ODC和SSAT mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果: 与对照组比较,心脏重量参数在ISO注射后7 d时显著增加,ISO注射后1 d时腐胺含量增加（P<0.05）,5 d、7 d时显著增加（P<0.01）;精脒含量在ISO注射后3 d时开始增加,ISO注射后7 d时增加显著（P<0.01）,精胺含量略有增多（P<0.05）,总多胺池显著增加。心肌组织ODC和SSAT的 mRNA表达在ISO注射后1 d时升高(P<0.05或P<0.01）,并持续在较高水平。心肌组织ODC和SSAT的蛋白表达分别在ISO注射后1 d和ISO注射后5 d时升高,ISO注射后7 d时显著升高（P<0.01）。结论: 大鼠心肌组织多胺含量增加和ODC、SSAT的表达增强可能参与ISO所致心肌肥厚的病理过程。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对异丙肾上腺素引起的大鼠心肌坏死的拮抗作用

目的和方法：观察了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对异丙肾上腺素（ｉｓｏｐｒｏｔｅｒｅｎｏｌ,ＩＳＯ）引起的大鼠心肌坏死的拮抗作用及其机制。结果：ｂＦＧＦ明显减轻了ＩＳＯ引起的大鼠心肌坏死的程度,血浆ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＡ及心肌ＭＤＡ水平比单纯ＩＳＯ组动物分别降低２４８％、３２８％及２００％（Ｐ＜００１）;心肌胶原及心肌细胞线粒体钙含量分别降低１８２％及２０８％（Ｐ＜００５）;心肌ＡＴＰ含量增加３６７％（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：ｂＦＧＦ对ＩＳＯ引起的大鼠心肌坏死具有明显的保护作用,其机制与抗脂质过氧化及心肌细胞内钙超载有关。     

Changes in myocardial reactivity in white rats to repeated injections of adrenaline

Summary Frequent injections of large doses of adrenaline in rats, resulted in myocarditis with characteristic changes of ECG only after the first injection. As the myocarditis developed into cardiosclerosis, the ECG became normal in spite of daily injections of myocarditic doses of adrenaline.The changed adrenaline response following the first injection may be regarded as an adaptive phenomenon.Submitted by Active Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR V. V. Zakusov     

三七总皂苷对异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化的影响

目的：研究三七总皂苷（PNS）对异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化的保护作用。方法： 用异丙肾上腺素（ISO）5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,sc,连续7 d，建立大鼠心肌肥厚和纤维化模型。造模第2 d开始给大鼠腹腔注射PNS 25和50 mg· kg^-1·d^-1,连续14 d，测定全心重量指数（HW/BW）、左心室重量指数（LVW/BW即LVI）；采用试剂盒用分光光度法检测左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸（Hyp）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷光苷肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性；用放免分析法检测左心室心肌组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）含量。结果： ISO模型组大鼠的HW/BW、LVI、左心室HyP、AngⅡ、MDA含量和诱生型NOS(iNOS)活性显著高于生理盐水对照组，SOD、GSH-Px及结构型NOS(cNOS)活性和NO含量明显比生理盐水对照组低；PNS治疗组左心室心肌组织中NO含量、cNOS 、SOD和GSH-Px活性明显高于ISO模型组；MDA和AngⅡ含量及iNOS活性和心脏重量指数比ISO模型组低。结论： PNS有抗心肌肥厚和纤维化作用，该作用与清除氧自由基及升高NO含量有关。     

Changes in cyclic nucleotide levels and lysosomal enzyme activity in the gastric mucosa of rats with experimental ulceration

Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 8, pp. 149–151, August, 1988.     

PPARα和其配体在急性心肌缺血性损伤中的作用及机制初探

目的： 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPARα）和其配体非诺贝特在急性心肌缺血性损伤中的作用及其机制。方法: 30只雄性纯系Wistar大鼠随机分为3组，每组10只：①正常对照组（control）；②异丙肾上腺素损伤组（Iso）采用腹腔内注射异丙基肾上腺素复制急性心肌缺血损伤的动物模型；③非诺贝特组（FF）在预先给予非诺贝特的基础上复制异丙基肾上腺素致急性心肌缺血损伤的动物模型。生化酶学方法测定大鼠血清心肌酶学(CK,LDH)；紫外分光光度法测定心肌组织中髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的酶活力；酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）测定血清中TNF-α的浓度； RT-PCR方法测定PPARα mRNA的表达水平。结果: Iso组血清心肌酶CK和LDH的含量和心肌组织中髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的酶活力显著高于对照组，心肌炎症反应较重，血清TNF-α浓度也增高，同时心肌组织中PPARα mRNA表达水平明显低于对照组； FF组与Iso组比较，前者血清心肌酶CK和LDH的释放受到抑制低于后者，心肌组织中髓过氧化物酶MPO的酶活力和血清TNF-α浓度均低于Iso组，但心肌组织中PPARα mRNA表达水平高于Iso组 （P＜0.01）。结论: PPARα参与急性心肌缺血性损伤中的炎症反应； PPARα配体非诺贝特可能是通过激活PPARα，减轻炎症反应，对缺血心肌具有保护作用。     

Lack of cardiotoxic effect of isoproterenol in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Summary The well known cardiotoxic effect of isoproterenol (ISO) was investigated in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Seven days after the subcutaneous injection of ISO (15 mg/kg) the hearts were perfusion fixed and 12 sections from each heart were stained (Masson's trichrome). ISO induced myocardial fibrosis was quantified at the light microscopic level according to established morphometric principles. Pulse rate and ST elevation were recorded by EEC (3 standard leads) before and after the ISO injection. Non-diabetic control animals showed marked fibrosis after ISO, but surprisingly the diabetic animals showed no fibrosis after ISO treatment. These findings were in accordance with an ISO induced ST elevation seen only among control animals although both groups showed the same degree of tachycardia. Insulin treatment prevented the protection against ISO and when streptozotocin was injected 24 h after the ISO a normal quantitative and qualitative appearance of the scar tissue was seen. It thus seems that streptozotocin diabetic rats are protected against the toxic effect of ISO, leaving the haemodynamic response unaffected. Which factor in the diabetic metabolism is reponsible for the present phenomenon is not known, but a defect in the signal transmission from the -receptor to the adenylcyclase is suggested as a possible explanation.     

伊贝沙坦和培垛普利对大鼠压力负荷性心肌肥厚的影响

目的:探讨钙调神经磷酸酶和钙泵活性在大鼠压力负荷性心肌肥厚时的变化及伊贝沙坦和培垛普利对它们的影响。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组。除假手术组外,其余4组大鼠采用腹主动脉部分结扎法造成压力负荷性心肌肥厚模型,术后1周分别用下列药物开始灌胃:假手术组和对照组生理盐水2mL·kg^-1·d^-1,伊贝沙坦组20mg·kg^-1·d^-1,培垛普利组2mg·kg^-1·d^-1及联合用药组(培垛普利2mg·kg^-1·d^-1,伊贝沙坦20mg·kg^-1·d^-1)。用药6周后检测左室质量指数、心肌细胞横径、心肌钙调神经磷酸酶及钙泵活性,免疫组化测定心肌钙调神经磷酸酶的表达。结果:联合用药组LVMI显著低于对照组及单用伊贝沙坦或培垛普利药组,各用药组TDM及钙调神经磷酸酶活性显著低于对照组,对照组心肌肌浆网钙泵活性显著低于其他各组,联合用药组钙泵活性明显高于单独用药组。免疫组化显示对照组心肌组织钙调神经磷酸酶表达显著高于其他各组。相关分析显示LVMI与TDM、CaN均呈显著正相关,与钙泵活性呈负相关。结论:伊贝沙坦和培垛普利可抑制钙调神经磷酸酶活性,增加心肌肌浆网钙泵活性,联合应用对减轻心肌肥厚有协同作用。     

牛磺酸对大鼠异丙肾上腺素心肌损伤的保护作用

大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素(40mg/kg/日)造成心肌损伤模型,发现心肌组织钙含量和心肌AGTⅡ水平显著增加,并伴有严重的心肌损伤。若同时注射牛磺酸(200mg/kg/日)或疏甲丙辅酸(1mg/kg/日)均可拮抗异丙肾上腺素引起的心肌钙增加及AGTⅡ水平升高,并可缓解心肌组织病理损伤。结果提示牛磺酸抑制心肌AGTⅡ可能是其拮抗异丙肾上腺素心肌损伤的重要机制之一。     

大鼠心肌顿抑时血浆及心肌组织中降钙素基因相关肽含量的变化

目的：观察大鼠心肌顿抑时降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的变化规律。方法：采用大鼠在体心肌顿抑模型,用放射免疫分析法测定血浆及心肌组织中ＣＧＲＰ含量。结果：心肌顿抑时血浆ＣＧＲＰ水平较对照组显著升高,而心肌组织中ＣＧＲＰ含量则较对照组显著降低。结论：心肌组织中与血浆中的ＣＧＲＰ含量呈负相关关系。     

大鼠失血性休克和回输血后重要器官组织脂质过氧化及腺苷酸代谢变化

作者观察到大鼠失血性休克早期各脏器（小肠、肺、肝）ＭＤＡ含量变化不显著，甚或有减少（心、肾）；回输血后除肺外，其它脏器ＭＤＡ含量均显著增加。心、肝、肾组织ＡＴＰ及能荷回输血后仍低于对照组；ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ预处理后各脏器ＭＤＡ含量均显著减少，心、肝、行组织ＡＴＰ、能荷显著升高。结果提示：失血性休克回输血后多个器官组织氧自由基产生增加，能量代谢恢复亦发生障碍。ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ治疗可降低组织脂质过氧化反应，促进能量代谢的恢复。     

Cardioprotective effect of Sida rhomboidea. Roxb extract against isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats

The present study investigates cardioprotective effect of Sida rhomboidea. Roxb (SR) extract on heart weight, plasma lipid profile, plasma marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and membrane bound ATPases against isoproterenol (IP) induced myocardial necrosis (MN) in rats. Rats treated with IP (85 mg/kg, s.c.) recorded significant (p<0.05) increment in heart weight, plasma lipid profile, plasma marker enzymes of cardiac damage, cardiac lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity levels of Ca⁺² ATPase whereas there was significant (p<0.05) decrease in plasma HDL, cardiac endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Mg⁺² ATPase. Pre-treatment with SR extract (400 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 30 consecutive days followed by IP injections on days 29th and 30th, showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in heart weight, plasma lipid profile, plasma marker enzymes of cardiac damage, cardiac lipid peroxidation, Ca⁺² ATPase and significant increase in plasma HDL, cardiac endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase and Mg⁺² ATPase compared to IP treated group. Hence, this study is the first scientific report on cardioprotective effect of SR against IP induced MN in rats.     

Hypotension and thirst in rats after isoproterenol treatment

Drinking induced in rats by systemic isoproterenol treatment is markedly attenuated after bilateral nephrectomy. The present experiments demonstrate that the hypotension produced by iso-proterenol treatment was more profound, and lasted much longer, in nephrectomized rats than in intact animals. When arterial blood pressure was partially elevated by central administration of angiotensin II or carbachol (Experiment 1) or by intraarterial infusion of epinephrine (Experiment 2), drinking behavior was restored in the nephrectomized animals and their water intakes approximated the amounts consumed by intact rats given isoproterenol. In general, an inverted U-shaped curve was found to define the relation between blood pressure and water intake in rats after isoproterenol treatment. Drinking was most probable when mean arterial blood pressures were in the range of 70–85 mm Hg, whereas rats were unlikely to drink when blood pressures were much below or above this range. These findings indicate that isoproterenol-induced thirst is not dependent on a renal dipsogen, and suggest instead that the hypersecretion of renin that occurs in intact rats is simply permissive of drinking behavior by modulating the hypotensive effects of the drug treatment.     

瑞舒伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对大鼠心肌肥厚性重构的影响

 目的: 探讨瑞舒伐他汀联合厄贝沙坦对心肌肥厚大鼠心室重构的影响。方法: SPF级体重240~300 g雄性SD大鼠50只随机分为对照组、模型组、瑞舒伐他汀组、厄贝沙坦组和联合组。除对照组外,其余4组大鼠连续14 d给予皮下注射异丙肾上腺素(2.5 mg/kg)。自造模当天开始,对照组和模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,瑞舒伐他汀组、厄贝沙坦组和联合组分别给予瑞舒伐他汀(4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)、厄贝沙坦(15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)和瑞舒伐他汀(4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)+厄贝沙坦(15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)灌胃处理,连续干预4周。干预结束后,分别测定各组大鼠心脏质量指数、左室质量指数,HE染色观察心肌细胞肥大程度,RT-PCR测定肥大相关因子ANF、β-MHC和AT1受体(AT1R)的mRNA表达,Western blot法测定AT1R的蛋白表达。结果: 与对照组相比,模型组的心脏质量指数、左室质量指数、ANF和β-MHC的mRNA表达均增加(P<0.05);与模型组相比,瑞舒伐他汀组和厄贝沙坦组的心脏质量指数、左室质量指数、ANF和β-MHC的mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05),联合组效果优于单药组(P<0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀组及厄贝沙坦组AT1R的mRNA及蛋白表达均低于模型组(P<0.05),而联合组AT1R的mRNA及蛋白表达水平低于各单独用药组(P<0.05)。结论: 瑞舒伐他汀及厄贝沙坦均能不同程度地改善心肌肥厚。它们的抗心肌肥厚作用可通过下调AT1R的mRNA和蛋白表达实现。联合用药的效果优于单一药物。     

Effect of hydra peptide morphogen on cyclic nucleotide levels in injured tissues

Novokuznetsk Branch, Central Research Institute of Prosthetics. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 108, No. 10, pp. 486–487, October, 1989.     

肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中组蛋白修饰水平的变化

目的:观察肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中组蛋白修饰的变化,并探讨其在肝纤维化发生发展过程中可能的作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为正常对照组和肝纤维化组,其中肝纤维化组采用CCl_4皮下注射以制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,正常组注射等量植物油溶液。实验第8周末,股动脉放血处死大鼠,取2组血清,采用生化和放射免疫法测定血清肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),以及肝纤维化标志物血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Col Ⅳ)和Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)的水平;取2组大鼠肝脏,测定肝脏指数;取肝组织常规固定,HE染色和Masson染色观察组织病理改变及胶原纤维沉积情况;Western blot检测2组大鼠肝脏组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和I型胶原(ColⅠ)表达情况,以及acH4K12、acH3K9、H3K4me2和H3K9me2修饰水平的变化。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠肝脏指数及ALT、AST、HA、LN、ColⅣ和PCⅢ水平明显增高(P0.05);Western blot检测发现,与对照组比较,肝纤维化组大鼠肝组织的acH4K12修饰水平减少(P0.05),acH3K9和H3K9me2修饰水平及α-SMA和ColⅠ表达明显增加(P0.05),H3K4me2修饰水平的差异无统计学显著性。结论:肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中acH4K12、acH3K9和H3K9me2修饰水平改变可能与某些细胞外基质代谢相关基因转录调控有关,从而参与了大鼠肝纤维化发生。     

Neuregulin-1在糖尿病大鼠心肌组织中的表达变化

目的: 探讨neuregulin-1(NRG-1)在糖尿病大鼠心肌组织中的表达。方法: 45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4周、8周和12周糖尿病组(4th、8th 和12th DM组),4周、8周和12周对照组(4th 、8th 和12th C组)。腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病模型。在诱导糖尿病后第4、8和12周用超声诊断仪评估大鼠心功能,计算心肌胶原容积分数(CVF),免疫组化观察NRG-1在心肌的表达部位,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测NRG-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果: 4th DM组大鼠心功能指标、心肌CVF、NRG-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达与4thC组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与8th C组相比,8th DM组左室收缩末内径(LVESD)和心肌CVF均增高,但左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心肌NRG-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达仍未见明显改变(P>0.05)。与12th C组比较,12th DM组LVESD和心肌CVF均显著增高,而LVFS和LVEF显著降低(均P<0.01)。12th DM组心肌NRG-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达较同期对照组显著下调(0.073±0.008 vs 0.156±0.010,0.171±0.054 vs 0.324±0.039,均P<0.01)。结论: NRG-1在糖尿病大鼠心肌组织中的表达显著下调,这可能参与了糖尿病心肌病的发生和发展。