1173例孕妇TORCH感染检测结果分析

目的为了解本地区孕妇产前TORCH感染的筛查情况。方法采用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测1173例来院就诊的孕妇血清TORCH-IgM抗体水平,根据有无高危因素比较不同孕妇的血清抗体阳性率。结果高危因素组的孕妇TORCH-IgM阳性率分别为：TOX-IgM2.13%、RV-IgM1.42%、CMV-IgM4.26%、HSVⅠ-IgM2.48%、HSVⅡ-IgM2.13%;无高危因素组孕妇的TORCH-IgM抗体阳性率分别为：TOX-IgM0.56%、RV-IgM0.56%、CMV-IgM1.12%、HSVⅠ-IgM1.35%、HSVⅡ-IgM1.01%,比较高危因素组与无高危因素组各IgM阳性率CMV得P〈0.01、TOX得P〈0.05。结论高危因素组的孕妇CMV、TOX的阳性率较高,应常规进行TORCH-IgM筛查,以便提早干预不良妊娠,利于优生优育。     

2005年-2008年宁波地区孕妇TORCH-IgM检测结果分析

目的了解宁波地区孕妇中TORCH-IgM的阳性率,探讨选择性TORCH-IgM筛查的临床价值,为有效预防TORCH感染提供科学依据。方法采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测9385例孕妇血清的TORCH-IgM抗体水平,根据有无高危因素比较不同孕妇的血清抗体阳性率。结果高危因素组的孕妇TORCH-IgM阳性率分别为:TOX-IgM 1.02%、RV-IgM 1.86%、CMV-IgM 3.76%、HSVⅠ-IgM 7.75%、HSVⅡ-IgM 3.85%;无高危因素组的孕妇TORCH-IgM阳性率分别为:TOX-IgM 0.35%、RV-IgM 1.23%、CMV-IgM 2.26%、HSVⅠ-IgM 5.23%、HSVⅡ-IgM 2.64%;两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论对具有高危因素的孕妇应常规进行TORCH-IgM筛查,以便及早发现宫内感染,干预不良妊娠。     

2001年～2008年浦江县高考学生血清HBsAg感染情况调查

为初步了解浦江县乙型肝炎流行情况,我们对2001年-2008年参加高考学生HBsAg感染情况进行调查,现报道如下。     

高考前学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的　高考前夕 ,调查高三学生心理状况。方法　采用症状自评量表 ( SCL-90 )对淮北矿区某中学 1 0 5名高三学生进行心理状况调查 ,并将结果与中国常模比较 ,男女生之间也进行了比较。结果　多数因子分高于国内常模 ,学生中有心理问题者占 68.6% ,女生阳性率高于男生。结论　高考前夕 ,学生心理问题发生率较高     

HBV-DNA与HBV-M检测结果的对比分析

我国为乙型肝炎病毒(ＨＢＶ)感染高发区。ＨＢＶ感染后血清学检测组合的标志模式多且复杂。由于ＰＣＲ方法的引入,可以直接检测病毒核酸,所以对患者体内ＨＢＶ复制及传染性有了更深刻地认识。如果仅以血清学检测结果作为实验依据,可能会漏检,因此,将ＨＢＶＤＮＡ与血清学?..     

河北清苑地区12665名高考学生乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率调查

在病毒性肝炎中,乙型肝炎对人类健康的危害最为严重,我国属HBV感染高流行区,一般人群的HBsAg阳性率为9.09%,接种与未接种乙型肝炎疫苗人群的HBsAg阳性率分别为4.51%和9.51%,在青少年和成人期感染HBV者中,仅5%～10%发展成慢性乙型肝炎[1],一般无免疫耐受期。大多数慢性无症状HBV感染存在不同程度的肝脏病理改变,其中一部分在成年人的某个时期可发生亚临床肝炎或临床显性肝炎,而且与肝硬化、肝癌有关[2]。     

乙肝患者HBV标志物与HBV-DNA定量检测结果分析

乙肝病毒感染后的临床表现形式十分复杂 ,ＨＢＶ血清标志物 (ＨＢＶ -Ｍ)组合 ,其表现模式有 15种以上。近年来随着聚合酶链技术的大力推广与普及 ,许多学者报道存在ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性 ,而ＨＢＶ -ＤＮＡ阳性的ＨＢＶ感染。有人提出仅根据病毒存在与否的定性ＰＣＲ尚难以明确其临床意义[1] 。用荧光定量ＰＣＲ技术对血清ＨＢＶ -ＤＮＡ进行定量测定 ,实现了对核酸信息的分析比较 ,为肝病的诊断和治疗提供了更有效的基因水平信息[2 ] 。本文对 318例乙肝患者血清ＨＢＶ -ＤＮＡ定量测定 ,同时进行乙肝病毒标志物的定量检测 ,以探讨ＨＢＶ -ＤＮ…     

心理干预与高三学生心理健康、高考结果的关系

目的研究心理干预、高三学生心理健康和高考结果的关系。方法对德阳市第五中学进入高三的学生随机抽取105名为研究组，对照组104名，进行为期1年的心理干预，对干预、高考前心理健康和高考结果进行对比研究。结果卡方检验提示，心理干预和非干预对高三学生心理健康影响不具显著性差异（P〉0.05）；相关分析提示，焦虑相关因子分与高考分数呈正相关，抑郁相关分数与高考成绩呈负相关；多因素回归分析提示，心理干预或心理健康因子作为独立变量对高考结果影响无显著性（其回归系数的P值〉0.05），但多因素协同作用时，心理干预和SCL-90总分的协同、干预和SDS总分的协同则对高考总成绩有显著性影响（P〈0.05，其回归系数β值分别为-0.024及-0.101）。结论心理干预作为单独影响因素时，对高考成绩影响无显著性意义。但接受了心理干预的学生，心理愈健康，高考成绩愈好。     

同步检测183例血清9项HBV标志物结果分析

探讨检测9项乙肝病毒（HBV）标志物对判断HBV复制及活动性的意义,以指导临床抗病毒治疗,选183例HBV感染者,同步检测其乙肝5项以及Pre-S2,PHSA-R,HB5Ag-IgM,HBV-DNA.HBV-DNA,Pre-S2,PHSA-R,HBsAg-IgM在“大三阳”中检出率分别为86．36％,96．97％,93．94％,95．45％;在小三阳中检出率分别为15．79％,44．74％,48．68％,HBeAg及HBsAg阴性时仍能检出HBV－DNA,HBV－DNA,Pre-S2,PHSA-R,HBsAg-IgM与HBeAg都可作为HBV复制指标。Pre-S2,PHSA-R,HBsAg-IgM同属乙肝病毒表面蛋白,其复制能力及传染性与滴度呈正相关,HBeAg及HBsAg阴性时仍可能有病毒复制。     

高三学生高考前焦虑和抑郁调查

为了解高三学生高考前的心理状态，我们随机选择148例高考学生进行调查，结果如下。1对象和方法选参加高考学生（高考组）148例及非参加高考学生（对照组）130例，采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）[1]和抑郁自评量表（SDS）[2]进行测评，量表采用t检验，两组间比较。2一般资料高考组148例中，男98例、女50例；年龄17～19岁，平均18．35±1．75岁。对照组130例中，男朋例、女45例；年龄15～17岁，平均16．30±2．70岁。3结果3．1高考组和对照组（SAS）和（SDS）评分，见表1．由表1可知，SAS和SDS评分，高考组明显高于对照组，二者差异显著（P…     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原定量检测临床意义的探讨

为探讨乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）定量检测作为反映乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制情况的临床意义,本文对２００例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性标本分别做ＨＢｓＡｇ定量检测和ＨＮＢ－ＤＮＡ检测,血清学标志物检测,并对１０例患者地行随访检测以上项目。根据测得的ＨＢｓＡｇ含量将２００例标本分为五组,计算出各组ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率,发现随ＨＢｓＡｇ含量增高,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率也显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。根据ＨＢＶｅ系统不同模式分组显示,随ＨＢＶ感染好转,ＨＢｓＡｇ含量也随之降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。对６例ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴患者ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴前后的ＨＢｓＡｇ含量比较,发现随ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴,ＨＢｓＡｇ量也显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。综合以上结果,可以说明血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ含量,可以间接反映体内ＨＢＶ的情况,ＨＢｓＡｇ定量检测可作为间接反     

Seroepidemiological studies on hepatitis B and D viruses infection among five ethnic groups in southern Taiwan

In order to compare the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among five ethnic groups in Pingtung County of southern Taiwan, a total of 240 serum samples were collected from September to October, 1985, from the following five ethnic groups: Taiwanese, Hakka, Mainland Chinese, aboriginal Paiwanese, and aboriginal Rukaiese. Ages of subjects ranged from 5 to 69 years. All sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti-HBs), and core antibody (anti-HBc) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to hepatitis D antigen (anti-HDV) were also tested for those with HBsAg-positive sera. Results showed that 44.1% of all sera examined were negative for HBsAG but positive for both anti-HBs and anti-HBc; additionally, 24.6% were negative for both HBsAg and anti-HBs but positive for anti-HBc. Only 134 serum samples showed negative results for HBV markers, indicating an HBV infection rate of 88.8%. The anti-HDV positive rate was estimated to be 2.7% among HBsAg-positive subjects. The HBsAg-positive rates among Rukaiese, Paiwanese, Hakka, Taiwanese, and Mainland Chinese were 25.8, 22.5, 16.7, 12.9, and 10.0%, respectively; while the prevalence rates of HBV infection among the above five groups were 94.2, 94.6, 85.4, 87.5, and 82.5%, respectively. Differences in the HBsAg-positive rate and HBV infection rate among these ethnic groups were statistically significant. We conclude that people living in Pingtung County are more frequently infected with HBV when compared with inhabitants in northern Taiwan.     

Lack of immunity to hepatitis B virus among the expatriates residing in southern Taiwan

Taiwan is an endemic area for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. There are more than 3-million carriers on this island. Chronic HBV infections may result in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are common in Taiwan. However little information is available concerning the immunity and the susceptibility to HBV among the expatriate-population (non-permanent residents from foreign countries) in Taiwan. Thus controversies exist on the indications for HBV vaccination among the foreign visitors and expatriates. This study evaluated the serological status of those who attended the Kaohsiung Adventist Clinic between May 1986 and August 1989. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) were determined by ELISA. A total of 152 expatriates (85M, 67F, aged 5 to 64 years, duration of residence in Taiwan: 2 weeks to 11 years) without previous HBV vaccination, were tested. HBsAg and anti-HBs were not detected in 125 (82%). Anti-HBs was found in 22 (15%). There was no correlation between the duration of residence and anti-HBs positivity. However, there was an increased prevalence of anti-HBs with increasing age after 30. For those expatriates who were anti-HBs positive, 64% had a history of sexual contact with a partner from an endemic area of HBV. HBsAg was detected in 5 (3%). Three were symptomatic with abnormal liver function tests. Four had a history of sexual exposure. Their children were not antigenemic. It is concluded that most (greater than 82%) of the expatriates residing in southern Taiwan have no immunity to HBV and sexual contact is a major route (70%) of transmission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Detection of hepatitis B virus in serum using amplification of viral DNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction

A new assay was developed for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human serum using amplification of a short viral DNA sequence by means of the polymerase chain reaction. As little as 0.4 fg viral DNA, corresponding to about 130 genome equivalents, per ml serum could be detected after the amplification procedure. This assay detected viral DNA in a number of patients with proven or suspected chronic HBV infection who were all negative for HBV DNA in the conventional hybridisation assay. We found HBV DNA in all of six HBeAg-positive and in three of eight HBeAg-negative HBsAg carriers, as well as in all of 11 patients with chronic liver disease with antibodies against the HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) as the sole marker for HBV infection, and in three of five apparently healthy individuals showing only anti HBc. Thus, this method is an important improvement for the diagnosis of persistent HBV infections, especially in patients where a definitive serological diagnosis is not possible.     

Hepatitis B virus infection among asymptomatic residents of low income community in Ibadan,Southwest, Nigeria

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is one of the most infectious diseases worldwide and a major public health concern. In spite of efforts at controlling the scourge globally, HBV continues to thrive in developing countries, such as Nigeria due to ignorance on its mode of transmission and its asymptomatic nature in the populace. Therefore, this community-based study was carried out in Yemetu community in Ibadan, Nigeria to determine the burden of HBV infection among asymptomatic residents of this community.

Methodology: Blood samples were aseptically collected from consenting 150 participants, male (m = 49) and female (f = 101), age ranged 15–>55 years (Median age = 27.3 years). Astructured questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and other relevant information from these participants. Sera from these samples were tested for HBsAg using a 3rd generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA) Wantai HBV Diagnostics kit. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and ANOVA at 95% CI with P < 0.05 considered as significant.

Results: An overall seroprevalence rate for HBV in this study was 7.3%. HBV infection was higher among male (8.2%) than in female (6.7%), 1.4 times higher in male compared to their female counterparts (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.01–2.06) and also statistically significant (P = 0.043). Participants in the age groups 25–34 (10.3%) and >55 (4.2%) years had highest and lowest rates of HBV infection, respectively. Further analysis of the results by occupation shows that HBV infection was highest among Artisans (10.7%), followed by Students (6.9%) and Traders (6.9%) and lowest (5.6%) among Civil servants who are sexually active, married and unmarried. However, these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.081).

Conclusion: This study reported relatively high prevalence for HBV infection among asymptomatic population, which is of public health importance and this calls for urgent attention. Therefore, public sensitization on HBV transmission and control for all through voluntary counseling and testing is advocated.     

Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and relation with the IgM class anti-HBc titers in hepatitis B virus infection

Sera from four groups of patients wtih different serologic markers of HBV infection were examined for HBV DNA using molecular hybridization technique and for IgM class anti-HBc using an ELISA based on the antibody capture principle. Results of HBV DNA assay were generally in good agreement with the presence of HBeAg. However, HBV DNA was found in 13% of anti-HBe+ sera and in one patient with anti-HBc as a sole marker. IgM anti-HBc was detected at high titers in acute hepatitis B patients and was also present during the "window-period." This marker was also found, though less frequently when other markers for HBV infectivity were absent, in chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy carriers. From these findings we conclude that the HBV DNA assay provides a reliable method of detecting the infectious agent, particularly in anti-HBe+ sera and sera with anti-HBc as a sole marker. The assay for IgM anti-HBc is useful for establishing the diagnosis of recent infection in patient with anti-HBc as a sole marker, and during acute hepatitis with very high aminotransferase values, a condition in which HBV DNA may be undetectable.     

Detection of hepatitis B viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was assayed using the polymerase chain reaction in serum samples of 116 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, including 30 positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and 86 negative for HBeAg. In the HBeAg-positive group, all were positive for HBV DNA. In the HBeAg-negative group, 80.2% were positive for HBV DNA (80.0% in the healthy carrier group, 90.0% in the chronic active liver disease group, and 69.2% in patients with cirrhosis). This study indicated that every HBeAg-positive carrier as well as the majority of HBeAg-negative carriers were infectious and, in the latter group, that viral replication is most active in patients with chronic active liver disease.