扶正抗癌方治疗大鼠移植性肝癌的研究

目的： 复制类似人类原发性肝癌发生发展的大鼠移植性肝癌模型,探讨“扶正抗癌方”对大鼠移植性肝癌的治疗作用及机制。方法：采用Walker256 癌肉瘤细胞株接种SD大鼠复制原位种植肝癌模型,分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、抗癌扶正方低、中、高剂量组。定时记录体重、进食及饮水等生命体征;实验1周、2周、3周分别抽取动脉血,进行生化检测：包括谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、草/丙比值(S/L)、血清白蛋白（ALB）、白蛋白/球蛋白比值（A/G）及碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）和岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）;观察各组大鼠的生存时间。结果：实验3周时,扶正抗癌方高、中剂量组ALT、AST低于模型组(P<0.01),ALB及A/G比值高于模型组（P<0.05）;高剂量组ALP、GGT、AFU活性明显低于模型组（P＜0.01）;高、中、低剂量组大鼠的生存率高于模型组（P<0.05）。结论：扶正抗癌方可改善移植性肝癌的大鼠生存状况;保护肝脏功能,降低肝ALT、AST释放;维持ALB水平;降低ALP、GGT、AFU的活性,最终延长移植性肝癌大鼠生存时间,其中以“扶正抗癌方”高剂量组疗效最好。     

赶黄草配伍葛花对乙醇诱导下L-02肝细胞的影响

目的:探究赶黄草配伍葛花制备的含药血清对乙醇诱导的L-02肝细胞的影响及其可能机制。方法:分别制备不同配比含药血清后,将L-02肝细胞分为6组进行实验:空白对照组,模型组,赶黄草配伍葛花1∶1组、2∶1组和1∶2组,凯希莱组。MTT法检测含药血清对乙醇诱导的L-02细胞存活率的影响;酶标法检测培养液中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及受损细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的水平;realtime PCR法和Western blot检测赶黄草配伍葛花对L-02肝细胞中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型组ALT、AST及MDA水平明显升高,SOD活性明显降低(P0.01);与模型组相比,各药物组ALT、AST及MDA水平明显降低,SOD活性明显升高(P0.01)。机理研究中,与空白对照组相比,模型组TNF-α和IL-6的mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高,Nrf2和HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P0.01);与模型组相比,各配伍组TNF-α和IL-6的mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低,Nrf2和HO-1的mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P0.01)。结论:赶黄草配伍葛花含药血清可能通过下调TNF-α和IL-6的表达,上调Nrf2和HO-1的表达,从而降低L-02肝细胞的炎症反应并减轻氧化应激,进而发挥治疗酒精性肝损伤的作用。     

ALT、AST、GGT、CHE在肝病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨肝脏疾病时肝脏酶的变化关系，方法 采用速率法，测定113例肝病患者空腹血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT）、胆碱酯酶（CHE），并与32例正常体检者作对照组比较。结果 各型肝病患者的血清ALT、急性黄疸肝炎组的血清GGT及慢性肝炎重度组血清AST活性均显著升高（p〈0．01），慢性肝炎重度、肝硬化患者CHE活性均明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论 血清ALT、AST、GGT、CHE是肝病较为敏感指标，作为肝功能检测组合。有助于肝病的鉴别诊断和判断预后。     

血清胆汁酸检测在新生儿黄疸诊疗中的价值

目的检测分析黄疸患儿有关生化项目，为临床诊疗提供更有效的检测指标和检测结果。方法利用临床化学分析手段对患儿进行TBI、DBI、AST、ALT、GGT、ALP和TBA检测。结果显示GGT、ALP和TBA异常率较高，提示黄疸患儿有不同程度的肝脏胆道排泄障碍，而黄疸本身对肝脏损伤程度不明显。另外，日龄超过两周的黄疸患儿，TBA值仍维持一定高度，说明胆汁淤积依然存在，这也可能是黄痘持续不退的原因之一。结论新生儿黄疸时，伴随着胆汁淤积。血清胆汁酸检测的特异性，灵敏度优于以往的肝功能指标。将血清TBA的检测列为新生儿肝功能试验的常规检测项目很有必要。     

ALT、AST、GGT、CHE在肝病中的诊断价值

目的探讨肝脏疾病时肝脏酶的变化关系.方法采用速率法,测定113例肝病患者空腹血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、胆碱酯酶(CHE),并与32例正常体检者作对照组比较.结果各型肝病患者的血清ALT、急性黄疸肝炎组的血清GGT及慢性肝炎重度组血清AST活性均显著升高(p＜0.01),慢性肝炎重度、肝硬化患者CHE活性均明显降低(p＜0.01).结论血清ALT、AST、GGT、CHE是肝病较为敏感指标,作为肝功能检测组合.有助于肝病的鉴别诊断和判断预后.     

实验性急性肝内胆汁淤积乳酸菌干预机制的探讨

通过采用异硫氰酸萘脂（ANIT）诱导新西兰白兔产生急性肝内胆汁淤积模型并给予乳酸菌干预,观测各组不同时相血清、胆汁中总胆红素（TB）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、一氧化氮（NO）及胆汁流量的变化,探讨NO对肝损伤的机制及乳酸菌对胆汁和血清NO的影响.     

苦黄注射液治疗黄疸型病毒性肝炎的疗效及对肝功能的影响

目的：探讨苦黄注射液辅助治疗黄疸型病毒肝炎的临床效果及对患者肝功能的影响作用。方法：选取本院收治的124例黄疸型病毒肝炎患者随机分为研究组和对照组各62例,两组患者均采用常规护肝等治疗措施,研究组加用苦黄注射液进行辅助治疗,对比两组的临床疗效。结果：治疗后研究组和对照组的血清总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)较本组治疗前均显著降低(P<0.05),治疗后研究组患者的TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST水平显著低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组和对照组的巩膜黄染、身黄、尿黄、纳差、肝区叩痛、倦怠乏力积分较本组治疗前均显著降低(P<0.05),治疗后研究组患者的巩膜黄染、身黄、尿黄、纳差、肝区叩痛、倦怠乏力积分显著的低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组的愈显率88.71%显著高于对照组的72.58%(P<0.05)。结论：苦黄注射液辅助治疗黄疸型病毒肝炎具有显著的临床效果,患者的肝功能恢复效果更好。     

转录因子AP-1抑制剂T5224减轻模型小鼠胆汁淤积性肝损伤

目的 探究转录因子激活蛋白1(AP-1)在胆汁淤积性肝损伤中的作用与机制。方法 将ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、胆汁淤积性肝损伤模型组和AP-1抑制剂T-5244干预模型组,每组5只。α-萘异硫氰酸盐(ANIT)和T-5224分别溶于玉米油,各组小鼠实验前过夜禁食12 h,正常对照组给予玉米油灌胃;胆汁淤积性肝损伤模型组和T-5224组均同步给予120 mg/kg的单剂量ANIT灌胃处理;T-5224组于ANIT灌胃前0.5～1 h按100 mg/kg腹腔注射选择性AP-1抑制剂T-5224,并于24 h后给予第2个剂量。所有小鼠给予ANIT 48 h后收集血清,处死小鼠并采集肝脏、胆囊等标本,通过生物化学、组织病理学、分子生物学等方法比较各组小鼠之间的肝损伤和炎性反应。结果 与对照组相比,胆汁淤积性肝损伤模型组的肝损伤指标谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)分别从(7.2±1.6)μmol/L、(2.5±0.5)μmol/L上升至(132.0±48.4)μmol/L、(94.2±22.2)μmol/L,提示肝损伤严重,造模成功。与模型组相比,T-5224干预组中AST、ALT则分别...     

酒精诱导大鼠脂肪肝变TNF-α、IL-6的表达

目的观察酒精诱导大鼠脂肪肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）水平的变化。方法以56％酒精灌胃,造成大鼠酒精性脂肪肝模型,取血清测丙氨酸转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）活性,取肝组织做免疫组织化学检测TNF-α、IL-6表达。结果模型组大鼠毛发光泽差,食欲差,大便溏泻,体重增长缓慢（P〈0．01）,模型组大鼠肝组织出现不同程度的肝脂肪变性,血清中ALT、AST活性较正常组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,模型组肝组织中TNF-α、IL-6蛋白阳性产物呈棕褐色细颗粒状。结论肝细胞中TNF-α、IL-6水平的升高可能是酒精性脂肪肝发生的重要机制之一。     

规律有氧运动促进梗阻性黄疸小鼠肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1的表达及激活C型鸟苷酸环化酶通路有利于损伤的修复

目的 探讨规律有氧运动对梗阻性黄疸小鼠肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1的影响，及C型鸟苷酸环化酶（GC-C）通路在肠黏膜屏障功能与炎症反应中的作用机制。方法 取30只雄性昆明小鼠构建梗阻性黄疸模型，随机分成规律有氧运动组（EX）和模型组（M），另设空白组（SO），每组15只。采用一般情况观察，ELISA技术，HE染色，肠组织相关因子免疫组织化学染色，蛋白检测及Real-time PCR技术，研究规律有氧运动的改善作用机制。结果 M组腹部、尾部黄染严重，出现黄尿及粪便呈浅灰色，开腹可见胆管悬挂处呈囊性扩张。血清中总胆红素(TBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及炎性因子白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α蛋白含量显著升高。相比M组，EX组上述蛋白含量显著下降（P<0.01），光学显微镜下显示，M组肝索排列紊乱，且出现空泡、核裂症及大量水泡；肠组织绒毛稀疏且高度不均，肠腺、肌层消失或萎缩，间质层水肿且炎性细胞浸润。与M组相比，EX组肠黏膜增厚，绒毛数量相比M组明显增多，间质出现轻度水肿。与M组相比，EX组肠组织Claudin-1、GC-C、鸟苷蛋白（Gn）、尿鸟苷素（Ugn）及环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）蛋白表达及蛋白含量和基因表达明显上升（P<0.01）。结论 规律有氧运动能有效促进肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1的表达，激活GC-C通路，减轻肠黏膜屏障功能受损及炎症反应。     

Alterations in bilirubin metabolism during extra- and intrahepatic cholestasis

Summary This study was performed to investigate modifications in the serum bilirubin forms, hepatobiliary enzymes, and some glycoproteic substances in patients during the course of extrahepatic cholestasis (stage A) and following its clinical resolution (stage B). The series consisted of 16 patients 11 had main bile duct stones; two, benign stenosis of the main bile duct; and three, main bile duct cancer. Cholestasis resolved spontaneously in one case, under endoscopy in two, and following surgery in 13. Five patients with liver cirrhosis and a picture of intrahepatic cholestasis following anesthesia were also investigated. Serum bilirubin forms were measured using van den Bergh's method and the alkaline methanolysis-HPLC procedure; the mono- and di-conjugated forms were considered together in the overall evaluation of the results. The hepatobiliary enzymes (ALP, GGT, and AST) were increased at stage A and significantly decreased at stage B. Similar patterns were observed in total (TB), unconjugated (UB), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) and in the percentage of CB out of TB (% CB). In the majority of patients, % CB at stage B was lower than at stage, whereas in subjects with a high initial UB value, a different % CB pattern was observed. The direct bilirubin percentage (% DB), on the other hand, had a different pattern, and the variations between stages A and B were not significant. The pathophysiological bilirubin pattern was similar in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. At stage A, in a number of patients the levels of glycoproteic substances (CA 19-9, TPA and ferritin) were raised, but at stage B they tended to decrease towards the normal range. Correlations were found between CA 19-9 or TPA variations and cholestasis indicators. It may be concluded that our HPLC technique may reveal differences in the behavior of the bilirubin pigments that cannot be detected with van den Bergh's method, even in the presence of similar TB variations. The increase in the glycoproteic substances considered may express an impairment in their metabolic (largely hepatic) clearance, as occurs in the cholestatic setting.Abbreviations TB total bilirubin - CB conjugated bilirubin (HPLC technique) - UB unconjugated bilirubin (HPLC technique) - % CB percentage of CB in TB - DB direct bilirubin (van den Bergh's method) - % DB percentage of DB in TB - AST aspartate aminotransferase - ALP alkaline phosphatase - GGT gamma glutamyltransferase     

Biochemical changes in patients with combined chronic schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis C infections

This study was undertaken to assess the biochemical changes induced in chronic schistosomiasis and/or chronic HCV, as well as to pinpoint the most significant parameters which could be used as dependable indices for the differentiation of single and coupled infections with or without liver cirrhosis. The selected patients were allocated into 2 broad groups: GrII (Schistosomiasis) which was subdivided into 3 subgroups: GrII(a) schistosomal patients with hepatosplenomegaly; GrII(b) hepatosplenic schistosomal patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis; GrII(c) schistosomal patients with no organomegaly. GrIII (Combined) comprised 2 subgroups: GrIII(a) schistosomal-HCV infection with decompensated liver cirrhosis; GrIII(b) schistosomal-HCV infection without liver cirrhosis. For statistical comparison normal healthy subjects were taken as a reference group (Gr I). Results showed that schistosomal patients without organomegaly manifested non significant changes in all studied parameters compared to normal controls. Highly significant elevations in serum ALT, AST, ALP and GGT activities were recorded in all other subgroups but the highest levels are reported in GrIIb. AST/ALT and direct/indirect bilirubin ratios were highest in GrIIIa (1.17+/-0.26, 1.54 +/- 0.37, respectively). Serum total protein and albumin levels showed the highest reduction (33 and 59%) concomitantly with the highest increase in gamma-globulin level (75%) in GrIII(a). Blood total iron was significantly reduced in GrII(a,b) (15.6 and 12%) (8.8%) bilirubin, GGT and AST in this order are good discriminators between the different subgroups in GrII. On the other hand, ALT, AST, albumin, ALP, GGT, protein and direct bilirubin are the most significant indices to differentiate chronic schistosomiasis and the combined group with/or without liver cirrhosis.     

Influence of thyroid dysfunction on liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dysthyroidism on lipid peroxidation, antioxidants status, liver, and serum dysfunction parameters in the hypo-/hyperthyroidism-induced rats. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism conditions were induced for 5 weeks by administration of 0.05% benzythiouracile (BTU) and l-thyroxine sodium salt (0.0012%), in drinking water, respectively. The enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the lipid peroxidation product; thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) were measured in liver as indicators of oxidative damage. However, liver dysfunction parameters represented by the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), were measured in serum. In hyperthyroidism rats, the TBARS contents of liver have significantly increased compared to those in hypothyroid rats and the controls (p<0.001), associated with a fall of the total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum of the hyperthyroid rats. The SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in liver of hyperthyroid rats have significantly increased compared to hypothyroid rats and the controls (p<0.001). The AST, ALT, LDH, GGT, and ALP activities increased in the hyperthyroidism rats (p<0.05).We conclude that thyroid dysfunction induces oxidative stress and modifies some biochemical parameters of liver. Our results show the occurrence of a state of oxidizing stress in relation to hyperthyroidism.     

Inhibition of oxidative stress and cytokine activity by curcumin in amelioration of endotoxin-induced experimental hepatoxicity in rodents

The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of curcumin (CMN) in salvaging endotoxin-induced hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the liver of rodents. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a single dose of 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally to the animals, which were being treated with CMN daily for 7 days. Liver enzymes serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and total protein were estimated in serum. Oxidative stress in liver tissue homogenates was estimated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Serum and tissue nitrite was estimated using Greiss reagent and served as an indicator of NO production. A separate set of experiments was performed to estimate the effect of CMN on cytokine levels in mouse serum after LPS challenge. LPS induced a marked hepatic dysfunction evident by rise in serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin (P < 0.05). TBARS levels were significantly increased, whereas GSH and SOD levels decreased in the liver homogenates of LPS-challenged rats. CMN administration attenuated these effects of LPS successfully. Further CMN treatment also regressed various structural changes induced by LPS in the livers of rats and decreased the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in mouse plasma. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CMN attenuates LPS-induced hepatotoxicity possibly by preventing cytotoxic effects of NO, oxygen free radicals and cytokines.     

106例胎儿血生化指标分析研究

目的了解胎儿血液生化指标特点及在各孕周变化规律,为胎儿宫内代谢异常的诊断与治疗提供参考依据.方法应用日立7170全自动生化分析仪对106例孕19～38w胎儿脐血进行血液尿素氮(BUN)、二氧化碳结合力(CO2)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶-1(CK-MB)等18项生化指标检测,胎儿脐血取自B超引导下母腹脐静脉穿刺产前诊断其结果正常胎儿,并经胎血鉴定,各指标按孕周分组计算均值,经统计学分析.结果发现胎儿各孕周组血液生化指标中BUN、CO2、Cr、UA、ALP、AST、ALT、TB、HBDH、LDH、CK、CK-MB等代表心、肾功能指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05),代表肝功能的DB、IB、TP、ALB、GLB、r-GT均值在胎儿各孕期随孕周增加升高,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论胎儿生化指标有独特的参考范围心、肾功能指标在整个孕期变化不大,肝功能各项指标随孕周曾加.     

水肿胎儿血液生化指标分析

目的检测水肿胎儿（包括Bart′s、染色体异常、病毒感染、同种免疫性及其他原因所致水肿胎儿）血液生化指标并与相同孕周胎儿血液生化指标比较,分析各种原因所致水肿胎儿血液生化指标变化,探讨水肿胎儿病因与病理,为胎儿疾病诊断与治疗提供线索和依据。方法应用Bayer1650全自动生化分析仪对66例孕19～35周水肿单活胎儿脐静脉穿刺所取脐血进行：碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TB）、直接胆红素（DB）、间接胆红素（IB）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）、r-谷氨酰基转酞酶（r-GT）、羟丁氨酸脱氢酶（HBDH）、乳酸脱轻酶（LDH）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶-1（CK-MB）等项生化指标检测,同时进行染色体,TORCH,胎儿血红蛋白和血常规等检查;并按染色体、TORCH、Bart′s、不明原因的水肿胎儿分为四类和按孕周分组统计与同孕周正常胎儿比较。结果除外Bart′s水肿胎其余原因（包括染色体、TORCH、和其他原因）所致水肿胎的心、肝酶及蛋白等水平均与与同孕周正常胎儿的水平有显著差异。结论胎儿在水肿的病理状态时存在血液生化指标异常,可能是水肿的原因或是后果,可作为水肿胎儿诊断与评估及治疗效果观察的参考指标。     

Factors producing bile infarction and bile duct proliferation in biliary obstruction

To clarify the factors producing bile infarction and bile duct proliferation in obstructive jaundice, the incidence of the hepatic lesions and the serum levels of the bile constituents were examined in three rat models. (1) Ligation of the common bile duct induced bile infarction, bile duct proliferation, retention of bile in the liver, and elevation of the serum levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids. (2) The rats treated by choledochotomy had bile in the abdominal cavity, but there was no retention of bile in the liver. The degree of development of bile infarction was similar to that of the common bile duct ligation group, but bile duct proliferation was not found: the serum levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids were elevated. (3) In the rats subjected to partial bile duct ligation, bile infarction and bile duct proliferation were seen only in the lobes with ligation of the hepatic ducts: only slight or no elevation of the serum levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids was found. These data suggest that bile infarction is caused by the toxic action of bile constituents other than bilirubin and bile acids, absorbed into the blood from the obstructed biliary system, and that bile duct proliferation is due to mechanical factors following bile retention or direct actions of retained bile in the liver.     

肝脏疾病患者血清酶活性与凝血四项的变化规律及辅助诊断价值研究

通过对ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、CHE和凝血四项的检测,探讨其在肝病鉴别诊断中的临床价值.用罗氏Modular全自动生化分析仪检测患者ALT 、AST 、ALP、GGT,应用强生干化学分析仪检测CHE,应用Stago检测凝血四项,经病理学和影像学确诊的35例肝炎患者、32例肝硬化患者、80例肝癌患者及50例健康体...     

国家行业标准ALT、AST、ALP、GGT参考区间的验证试验

目的 验证国产试剂ALT、AST、ALP、GGT的参考区间是否符合行业标准参考区间.方法 按照国家行业标准WS/T 404.1-2012《临床常用生化检验项目参考区间第1部分：血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶》参考人群筛选标准,于2013年9月筛选北京九强生物技术股份有限公司20～62岁健康体检者107名,其中男35名,女72名,使用非参数统计方法统计本研究人群的参考区间,与行标参考区间进行比较.结果 使用金斯尔试剂ALT、AST、GGT、ALP得到的参考区间,与行业标准比较,基本一致.结论 临床医院使用金斯尔品牌试剂可以.直接使用新行业标准推荐的参考区间.