难治性慢性丙型肝炎强化治疗疗效研究

目的探讨难治性慢性丙型肝炎强化治疗疗效,通过优化治疗剂量和疗程来提高慢性丙型肝炎患者对干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗的持续病毒应答率。方法对常规治疗的干扰素剂量（聚乙二醇干扰素α每周皮下注射1次）和利巴韦林（每天10．5mg／kg）经治的无应答和部分患者,根据患者的意愿进行标准干扰素α10 MU隔日注射1次或聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a（PEG—IFN α-2a）360μg每周注射1次,并根据体重每天给予15mg／kg的利巴韦林的强化剂量治疗,在治疗的0、4、12周和以后的每间隔12周、治疗结束后的24周进行HCV RNA含量检测,根据患者治疗过程中的病毒应答情况给予72～96周的疗程,以持续病毒应答（sustained viral response,SVR）作为疗效的评判指标。结果18例患者完成全程治疗和观察,12例获得持续病毒学应答,5例治疗无效,1例复发。3例患者获得RVR,RVR获得者的cEVR和SVR均为3／3,RVR组治疗前的病毒载量显著低于未获得RVR组（t=4．687,P〈0．001）。15例无快速病毒应答者,8例获得完全早期病毒应答,9例获得SVR。聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a 360μg每周注射1次的SVR为4／5。11例获得cEVR患者均获得SVR,7例无cEVR的患者,仅1例获得SVR。结论强化剂量的干扰素和RBV可以使较高比例的既往规范抗病毒治疗无应答、部分应答获得SVR。在强化治疗过程中根据病毒的应答情况及时调整和延长HCV RNA阴性的疗程是提高难治性慢性丙型肝炎持续病毒应答率的重要措施。     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林治疗代偿期丙肝后肝硬化疗效观察

目的 观察聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林治疗代偿期丙肝后肝硬化临床疗效.方法 21例慢性丙型肝炎后肝硬化患者（治疗组）,采用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a 135～180 μ.g皮下注射,每周1次,利巴韦林片600～1000 mg/d,疗程48周,随访24周;20例慢性丙型肝炎患者（对照组）,聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a135～180 g皮下注射,每周1次,利巴韦林600～1000 mg/d,疗程48周,随访24周.比较两组快速病毒学应答（RVR）率、早期病毒学应答（EVR）率、持续病毒学应答（SVR）率,观察不良反应.结果 治疗组和对照组RVR、EVR、ETVR无显著性差异、治疗组SVR较对照组低（P＜0.05）,治疗组中骨髓抑制及贫血发生率更高（P＜0.05）,流感样症状,脱发,胃肠道反应等不良反应两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 丙肝后肝硬化患者,临床使用135 μg聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a及个体化、小剂量利巴韦林较为安全,可获得较好的早期应答,持续病毒学应答率较慢性肝炎为低,治疗过程应密切观察血常规及肝肾功能并处理不良反应.     

PEG—IFN α-2a治疗慢性丙型肝炎的临床分析

目的观察PEG-IFN α-2a小剂量长疗程治疗慢性丙型肝炎患者的病毒学应答。方法选择2004年9月至2006年9月住院的慢性丙型肝炎患者92例,根据对干扰素耐受情况将其分为A组（PEG—IFN α-2a 67．5μg／周）、B组（PEG—IFN α-2a 90μg／周）及C组（PEG-IFN α-2a 180μg／周）,同时联合利巴韦林（900～1200mg／d）。A组和B组中HCV基因1b型患者疗程延长至96周,2a型疗程48周;C组HCV基因1b型疗程48周,2a型疗程24周,均随访24周;分别观察各组患者的快速病毒学应答（RVR）、早期病毒学应答（EVR）及持续病毒学应答（SVR）率。结果三组RVR、EVR、SVR率之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,基因1b型患者的RVR、EVR和SVR率明显低于2a型（P〈0．05）,经logistic回归分析,HCV基因型为SVR独立预测因子（OR=12．78,95％CI=11．97—82．89,P=0．0075）。结论小剂量长疗程PEG—IFN α-2a联合利巴韦林与标准方案治疗慢性丙型肝炎病毒学应答状况相当;基因型是SVR的独立预测因素。     

慢性丙型肝炎干扰素治疗失败患者的干扰素再治疗研究

目的探讨慢性丙型肝炎干扰素治疗失败患者的再治疗获得持续病毒学应答（SVR）的方案。方法回顾54例慢性丙型肝炎干扰素治疗失败患者所采用的PEG—IFNα联合利巴韦林标准治疗或强化方案再治疗方案,比较SVR率的差异并进行统计学分析,讨论标准治疗或强化方案的适用人群。结果54例慢性丙型肝炎干扰素治疗失败患者,再治疗后SVR率可达75．92％。其中复发者再次治疗SVR率为88．46％,无应答者再治疗SVR率64．29％。在初始普通干扰素治疗失败组、普通干扰素联合利巴韦林失败组、单用PEG—IFNα-2a失败组,再治疗后SVR率分别为95．45％、64．71％、60％。初治复发患者再治疗SVR率明显高于初治无应答患者。结论初治失败的慢性丙型肝炎患者选择标准或强化方案再治疗仍可获得60％～90％的SVR率。初始治疗单用普通干扰素失败或普通干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗复发患者可选择标准方案再治疗;初始治疗采用普通干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗无应答、单用PEG-IFNα-2a无应答及初始治疗选用标准治疗失败患者需选择强化方案再治疗。     

患者顺应性对干扰素治疗慢性丙型肝炎疗效影响的研究

目的 探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者顺应性对IFN抗HCV治疗效果的影响。方法 对聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a单药和与联合利巴韦林治疗慢性丙型肝炎的疗效与安全性的开放、多中心对照研究中患者的干扰素治疗进行回顾性研究。以持续病毒学应答作为疗效的主要评价指标，分析患者顺应性对IFN疗效的影响。结果 190例患者用IFN治疗，其中未完成全部治疗而脱落的病例为63例，脱落率为33．20％。完成12周治疗的179例患者中，102例（56．98％）取得早期病毒学应答。127例完成了整个疗程，79例取得持续病毒应答，PP人群的持续病毒应答率为62．2％，11Tr人群的病毒持续应答率为23．68％，两者之间差异具有统计学意义（x^2=152．5，P〈0．0001）。结论 患者顺应性对慢性丙型肝炎IFN治疗效果的影响较大。     

67例慢性丙型肝炎治疗过程及随访中血清ALT、病毒载量及肝纤维化指标的变化

目的 观察聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b联合利巴韦林治疗慢性丙型肝炎过程中肝功能、病毒复制及肝纤维化指标的改变情况.方法 检测67例慢性丙型肝炎患者在干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗开始（0周）、结束（48周）和停药12周（60周）时血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、丙肝病毒核糖核酸（HCV RNA）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原肽（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）和层粘连蛋白（LN）水平.结果 治疗后完全应答组（CR-S,43/67） ALT、HCV RNA及血清4项纤维化指标均显著下降（P ＜0.05或P＜0.01）,部分应答组（CR-R,13/67）和无应答组（NR,11/67） ALT、HCV RNA及血清4项纤维化指标变化不明显,反跳甚至更高.结论 聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b联合利巴韦林治疗慢性丙型肝炎约65％患者完全应答,随着肝细胞炎症的改善,病毒RNA滴度、肝纤维化指标水平明显下降,表明干扰素联合利巴韦林能抑制HCV RNA复制,调节机体免疫功能,减轻肝脏炎症反应,改善肝功能,减少肝纤维化.     

聚乙二醇干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗慢性丙型肝炎的疗效研究

目的 观察聚乙二醇干扰素联合利巴韦林对慢性丙型肝炎初治与复发患者的疗效,并分析可能影响疗效的因素.方法 对64例慢性丙型肝炎的初治和复发患者应用聚乙二醇干扰素联合利巴韦林抗病毒治疗.对上述病例进行回顾性研究,分析两组患者的快速病毒学应答、完全早期病毒学应答、治疗结束时病毒学应答及持续病毒学应答,并探讨影响病毒学应答的相关因素.结果 初治组患者获得快速病毒学应答、完全早期病毒学应答、治疗结束应答、持续应答的概率明显高于复发组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;初治组与复发组复发率不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但复发组慢性丙型肝炎患者治疗结束后复发率明显高于初治组（33.33％与6.38％）.发生持续应答患者的快速病毒学应答、完全早期病毒学应答率明显高于未发生持续应答患者,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 初治CHC患者较复发患者可获得较高病毒学应答率,复发率较低,获得快速病毒学应答和完全早期病毒学应答是疗效的阳性预测指标.     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林治疗代偿期丙肝后肝硬化疗效观察

目的 观察聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林治疗代偿期丙肝后肝硬化临床疗效.方法 21例慢性丙型肝炎后肝硬化患者(治疗组),采用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a 135～180 μ.g皮下注射,每周1次,利巴韦林片600～1000 mg/d,疗程48周,随访24周;20例慢性丙型肝炎患者(对照组),聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a135～180 g皮下注射,每周1次,利巴韦林600～1000 mg/d,疗程48周,随访24周.比较两组快速病毒学应答(RVR)率、早期病毒学应答(EVR)率、持续病毒学应答(SVR)率,观察不良反应.结果 治疗组和对照组RVR、EVR、ETVR无显著性差异、治疗组SVR较对照组低(P＜0.05),治疗组中骨髓抑制及贫血发生率更高(P＜0.05),流感样症状,脱发,胃肠道反应等不良反应两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 丙肝后肝硬化患者,临床使用135 μg聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a及个体化、小剂量利巴韦林较为安全,可获得较好的早期应答,持续病毒学应答率较慢性肝炎为低,治疗过程应密切观察血常规及肝肾功能并处理不良反应.     

聚乙二醇干扰素治疗慢性丙型肝炎临床疗效、影响因素及安全性分析(附89例临床分析)

目的 观察聚乙二醇干扰素（PEG IFN）α-2a治疗慢性丙型肝炎的效果、疗效影响因素及安全性.方法 观察了89例慢性丙肝患者,对46例慢性丙肝患者予PEG IFNα-2a（180μg或135μg/周）联合利巴韦林（RBV）900mg/d抗病毒治疗,对照组为43例慢性丙肝患者予IFNα-2a（5 MIU/隔天）联合RBV 900mg/d抗病毒治疗.疗程48周,随访24周.两组治疗前HCV-RNA、基因型等临床资料具有可比性,以病毒学应答和生化学应答作为疗效的主要评价指标.同时观察药物不良反应.结果 PEG IFNα-2a组持续应答率（SVR）显著高于IFNα-2a组（分别是56.5%和19.5%,P＜0.0001）.PEGIFNα-2a组治疗基因1型、高病毒载量慢性丙型肝炎的SVR明显高于IFNd-2a组（P＜0.001）,但非基因1型、低病毒载量的SVR两组之间差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.664、0.116）.PEG IFNα-2a与IFNα-2a有相似的不良反应,但除白细胞减少的程度及体重减轻发生率PEG IFNα-2a组高于IFNα-2a组外（P值为0.001）,余不良反应间差异无统计学意义.结论 PEG IFNα-2a对慢性丙型肝炎患者的疗效优于干扰素IFNα-2a,尤其对基因1型、高病毒载量的患者更应选择PEG IFNα-2a,且具有较好的安全性和耐受性.     

丙型肝炎病毒血清型对慢性丙型肝炎干扰素抗病毒疗效影响的研究

目的研究丙型肝炎病毒血清型对慢性丙型肝炎于扰素抗病毒疗效的影响。方法对慢性丙型肝炎患者的血清进行ALT检测，采用Cobas amplicor monitor test，version 2．0（v2．0）试剂进行HCVRNA定量和Abbott公司的Murex HCV Serotyping 1-6 Assay试剂进行HCV血清学分型检测。对慢性丙型肝炎患者进行聚乙二醇于扰素a-2a（派罗欣）与罗荛愫（Roferon—A）治疗24周和24周随访结束的生化指标和病毒学应答进行观察，分析不同HCV血清型患者在抗病毒治疗后生化和病毒学应答的差异。结果98例患者共检出血清6型2例、5型1例、4型1例、3型10例、2型23例和1型44例，仍有17例未能分出血清型。派罗欣治疗组24周治疗结束时各血清型和未分型组之间的ALT复常率和病毒应答率无差异，而48周随访结束血清非1型的ALT复常率（76．2％）和持续病毒应答率（66．7％）高于血清1型，血清1型ALT复常率和持续病毒应答率分别为27.3％和27．3％，差异有统计学意义（P=0．035）。罗荛愫组末分型组、血清1型和非1型之间24周治疗结束时和随访结束时的ALT复常率和病毒学应答率均无差异。结论在6个月的IFN抗病毒疗程时，HCV血清型仅在派罗欣治疗组影响慢性丙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的持续病毒应答率。     

Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus Ribavirin in Japanese Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 2 Who Failed Previous Interferon Therapy

Some patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 could be cured with treatment shorter than 24 weeks using peginterferon plus ribavirin, but there are still treatment-refractory patients. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are not currently available for HCV genotype 2 patients, different from genotype 1 patients, in clinical practice. We investigated 29 HCV genotype 2-infected Japanese patients who had been previously treated and failed to clear HCV. We retreated them with peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin and measured HCV RNA level to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment in patients who had failed previous therapy. We found that retreatment of HCV genotype 2-infected Japanese patients with peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for 24-48 weeks led to 60 to 66.6% sustained virological response (SVR) in patients previously treated with (peg-)interferon monotherapy and to 69.9% SVR in relapsers previously treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin. Attention should be paid to certain patients with unique features. Selection of patients according to their previous treatment could lead to optimal therapy in HCV genotype 2 treatment-experienced patients.     

nTreg与基因1型CHC患者抗病毒疗效的关系

目的研究基因1型慢性丙型肝炎（CHC）患者治疗过程中外周血自然调节性T细胞（nTreg）的动态变化及其与抗病毒疗效的关系。方法32例初治的CHC患者,均为基因1型,治疗方案为干扰素联合利巴韦林治疗48周。分别在治疗前、治疗过程中2、4、8、12、24、48周以及治疗结束后12或24周采集外周血标本。用流式的方法检测外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中nTreg的比率。COBASAmpliprep／COBAS TaqmanHCV试剂盒检测HCV—RNA定量。结果24例患者治疗12周时HCV—RNA转阴,并且随访至治疗结束后24周仍阴性,达到持续病毒学应答（SVR）;8例患者治疗12周时病毒量未转阴,无应答（NVR）,24周时终止治疗。应答组和无应答组治疗前外周血中nTreg的比率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。应答组治疗过程中2、4、12、24、48周及治疗结束后各个时间点PBMC中nTreg水平分别为（0．91±0．22）％、（1．31±0．29）％、（1．78±0．43）％、（1．92±0．44）％、（1．90±0．37）％、（1．14±0．35）％;在治疗2周（P〈0．001）及治疗结束后（P〈0．001）下降明显。无应答组治疗过程中2、4、12、24周及治疗结束后各时间点PBMC中nTreg水平分别为（1．21±0．15）％、（1．24±0．18）％、（1．42±0．11）％、（1．45±0．11）％、（1．14±0．10）％;Treg水平在治疗4周时缓慢上升（P=O．005）,在治疗结束后显著下降,与治疗24周比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论CHC患者外周血nTreg水平与干扰素／N巴韦林抗病毒治疗的疗效密切相关,抗病毒治疗2周时nTreg水平的下降可以预测其疗效。提示nTreg可能在机体清除病毒的早期过程中起着重要作用。     

Leucocytapheresis with Adacolumn enhances HCV-specific proliferative responses in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1

The most important aim in controlling virus infections is to destroy infected cells. Impaired cellular immunity in HIV and HCV infection leads to chronic infection. This study examined the effect of cytapheresis on the subsequent response to interferon/ribavirin treatment in patients infected with HCV. Adacolumn cytapheresis was carried out once a day for 5 consecutive days in patients who relapsed or did not respond to previous peginterferon and ribavirin combination treatment (n = 14: relapsers = 3, non-responders = 11). Peginterferon and ribavirin combination treatment was started after cytapheresis. During combination treatment, the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to HCV proteins (core, NS3, NS4, and NS5), tetanus toxoid, and phytohemagglutinin was measured, and compared to the early virological response. After treatment by leucocytapheresis, the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to HCV-core and tetanus toxoid increased significantly over the baseline (P < 0.05). A marked increase in the phytohemagglutinin response was observed after peginterferon and ribavirin combination treatment was started (P < 0.01 at week 5 and P < 0.005 at week 13). There were, however, no clear changes in the proliferative response to other antigens. Among the 14 patients, 12 (85.7%) achieved an early virological response by week 13 (12 weeks after the start of combination treatment). After treatment, nine patients (64.3%) had a significant proliferative response to HCV core antigen. Among the nine patients, eight patients (88.9%) achieved early virological response. The results indicate that activation of cellular immunity by leucocytapheresis facilitates an early virological response rate in HCV patients. This new therapy may, therefore, become an additional therapeutic measure for HCV.     

Amino acid substitution in the core protein has no impact on relapse in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin

Previous reports demonstrated that amino acid (aa) substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein are predictors of non-virological responses to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of core aa substitutions on viral kinetics during the treatment and relapse after the treatment. The 187 patients with HCV genotype 1 enrolled in this study were categorized into four groups according to core aa substitution patterns: double-wild group (n=92), Arg70/Leu91; 70-mutant group (n=42), Gln70/Leu91; 91-mutant group (n=31), Arg70/Met91; and double-mutant group (n=22), Gln70/Met91. The relationship between the core aa substitutions and the virological response was examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that substitution at aa 70 was significantly associated with a poor virological response during the first 12 weeks (decline of <1 log from baseline at week 4, <2 log at week 12), and substitution at aa 91 was significantly associated with detectable HCV RNA at week 24. With respect to relapse, only the ribavirin exposure (odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-0.98) and HCV RNA disappearance between weeks 13 and 24 (OR, 23.69; 95% CI, 5.44-103.08) were associated independently with relapse, with no correlation being found with the core aa substitutions and relapse. In conclusion, the results showed that core aa substitutions can be strong predictive factors at pretreatment of the non-response, but not for relapse, for virological responders with HCV RNA disappearance during treatment.     

Predictive value of early HCV RNA quantitation for sustained response in nonresponders receiving daily interferon and ribavirin therapy

The prognostic value of early hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA load was evaluated among nonresponder patients to previous interferon (IFN) therapy treated with daily IFN and ribavirin. One hundred-six nonresponders (83 men), mean age 44.8 +/- 11 years, were treated with IFN-alpha 2b 3 MU/day for 24 weeks, followed by 3 MU x 3/week for 24 weeks plus ribavirin 1-1.2 g/day for 48 weeks. HCV RNA was quantified by Versant HCV RNA 3.0 assay (Bayer). The predictive values of the baseline and the change in viral load at week 1, 4, and 12 for sustained virological responses were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, as well as predictive values of >2 log(10) drop from baseline by weeks 1, 4, and 12 in combination with undetectable HCV RNA for sustained virological response. Thirty-two patients (30.2%) were sustained virological responders. The highest area under the curve was obtained at week 4. The unquantifiable HCV RNA level, in combination with at least a 2 log(10) drop in viral load by week 4 and week 12, had a negative predictive value of 96% and 97%, respectively. Nonresponse can be predicted as early as week 4 or week 12 in nonresponders treated with daily IFN and ribavirin.     

Hepatitis C virus serologic and virologic tests and clinical diagnosis of HCV-related liver disease

The use of serological and virological tests has become essential in the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in order to diagnose infection, guide treatment decisions and assess the virological response to antiviral therapy. Virological tools include serological assays for anti-HCV antibody detection and serological determination of the HCV genotype, and molecular assays that detect and quantify HCV RNA and determine the HCV genotype. Anti-HCV antibody testing and HCV RNA testing are used to diagnose acute and chronic hepatitis C. Only patients with detectable HCV RNA should be considered for pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin therapy and the HCV genotype should be systematically determined before treatment, as it determines the indication, the duration of treatment, the dose of ribavirin and the virological monitoring procedure. HCV RNA monitoring during therapy is used to tailor treatment duration in HCV genotype 1 infection, and molecular assays are used to assess the end-of-treatment and, most importantly the sustained virological response, i.e. the endpoint of therapy.