锌、铜对染砷小鼠肝及肾毒作用的干预研究

为观察补充锌、铜对染砷小鼠的肝、肾脏组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平、丙二醛 (MDA)含量并初步探讨其作用机制 ,对染砷小鼠同步进行锌、铜干预试验 ,同时作肝脏、肾脏组织SOD活性及MDA含量测定和病理学观察。干预后 ,与阳性对照组相比 ,锌干预组肝脏、肾脏SOD活性升高 ,MDA含量下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,锌加铜组仅肾脏SOD活性升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,铜组肝、肾脏SOD活性及MDA含量均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。病理学观察可见 ,锌干预组效果最好 ,其次为锌加铜组 ,而铜组无干预效果。提示补充一定剂量锌对染砷小鼠的脂质过氧化程度、抗氧化能力以及组织病理改变均有一定的干预效应。铜在该剂量下与锌起拮抗作用。     

驻乌部分维稳部队饮用水中砷、汞、硒含量的调查

目的为了解驻乌部分维稳部队饮用水中砷、汞、硒的含量,确保维稳部队官兵健康。方法对驻乌10个维稳部队饮用水中的砷、汞、硒含量进行了检测评价。结果检测水样10份,砷、汞、硒含量未发现有超标的水样。结论驻乌部分维稳部队饮用水中砷、汞、硒含量符合饮用水标准,但在饮用水管理方面需高度重视。     

富砷饮水暴露剂量与反应关系

为了解饮水型砷中毒皮肤损害与饮水砷含量、砷暴露剂量的关系,调查了砷中毒病区常住居民７９３人,分析了饮水砷含量、总砷摄入量与患病率的关系。结果表明：皮损患病率与水砷含量、总砷摄入量与患病率的关系。结果表明：皮损患病率与水砷含量、总砷摄入量呈正的直线相关关系（ｒ＝０．９６０、ｒ＝０．６８３）并得出该关系的方程表达。总砷摄入量与患病率呈一定的剂量反应关系。     

砷致肝细胞的炎症反应及凋亡

砷致肝脏损伤的机制尚未完全清楚.研究发现,砷可通过诱发活性氧自由基,促发脂质过氧化,刺激释放与肝损伤有关的各种促炎症因子在肝组织表达,并可通过激发caspase途径引起细胞凋亡,导致肝脏损伤.     

乌鲁木齐地区畜禽鱼等肉类中砷和汞的摸底调查

目的摸清乌鲁木齐地区市民经常食用的市售牛、羊、猪、禽、鱼等肉类和水产品中砷和汞的残留状况.方法 2002年2月～2004年5月我们对乌鲁木齐市周边地区及市辖农贸市场和自由集市中的牛、羊、猪、禽肉(包括内脏)及鱼和水产品进行了抽样调查,检测分析了砷和汞的残留量.结果砷的检出率在鱼和水产品中最高,为93.75%;禽类中最低,为50.93%;砷的含量在鱼和水产品中最高,为0.054±0.053mg/kg;在牛肉中最低,为0.015±0.009mg/kg.汞的检出率在鱼和水产品中最高,为71.88%;在禽类中最低,为20.56%;汞的含量在鱼和水产品中最高,为0.049±0.037 mg/kg;在禽类中最低,为0.008±0.004mg/kg.结论乌鲁木齐地区畜禽鱼等肉类中砷和汞含量在鱼和水产品中较高.     

顺序注射原子荧光光度法测定医院污水中总砷与总汞的正交试验

目的 建立顺序注射原子荧光光度计同时测定医院污水中总砷、总汞的方法.方法 按照L9(34)正交表,以硼氢化钾浓度、硝酸浓度、硫脲浓度、抗坏血酸浓度为影响因素,每个因素选取3个浓度水平,共设计9组试验来确定最佳实验条件.结果 测得9组试验中总砷的荧光强度为91.01～1 479.01,总汞的荧光强度524.19～1 421.45;影响砷荧光强度的因素中,硝酸的极差最大(1 030.42),硼氢化钾的极差最小(28.06);影响汞荧光强度的因素中,硼氢化钾的极差最大(578.49),抗坏血酸的极差最小(59.16).砷和汞的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.63％和0.76％,加标回收率分别为94％～105％和93％～105％.结论 硝酸浓度是影响总砷荧光强度的重要因素,硼氢化钾浓度是影响总汞荧光强度的重要因素.0.5％硼氢化钾、3.0％硝酸、2.0％硫脲和2.0％抗坏血酸为同时测定医院污水中总砷、总汞的最佳实验条件,准确度高、精密度好,能满足医院污水中总砷和总汞的快速批量检测.     

砷氟对血中巯基,丙酮酸和尿羟脯氨酸影响的实验研究

新近发现的地方性砷氟联合中毒征已为世人注目，本文选６名健康成人（系调查工作人员），模拟砷，氟和砷氟联合中毒作短期饮水实验，观察其生化指标变化。结果显示：血清中硫基总量，血液丙酮酸，以及尿羟脯氨酸排出量均无明显变化（Ｐ〉０．０５），也未见到砷氟之间的联合作用。     

三价砷甲基转移酶基因多态性与地方性砷中毒易感性的关系研究

目的 探讨砷代谢相关酶三价砷甲基转移酶[arsenic(+3 oxidation state)methyltranaferase,AS3MT]单核苷酸多态性与地方性砷中毒患病风险的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段多态性-单链构象多态性(PCR-RFLP-SSCP)技术对79名砷中毒患者和110名正常健康人群外周血中AS3MT基因第8内含子和第9外显子的突变情况进行初筛,并进一步对异常带型进行直接DNA测序,以确定突变位点及类型.对AS3MT基因多态性进行单因素分析和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 病例组AS3MT基因第8内含子上9149位碱基(AS3MT-9149)A→C突变的发生率(19.0％,15/79)低于对照组(23.6％,26/110),病例组AS3MT基因第9外显子上287位密码子(AS3MT-287)ATG→AC/TG突变的发生率(10.1％,8/79)低于对照组(11.8％,13/110),但差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).在多因素分析中调整年龄、性别等因素后,AS3MT基因多态性与地方性砷中毒发病仍无统计学意义[AS3MT-9149:比值比(OR)=0.59,95％可信区间(CI)为0.26～1.31,P=0.195;AS3MT-287:OR=0.85,95％CI为0.32 ～ 2.30,P=0.751].结论 AS3MT-9149和AS3MT-287多态性与地方性砷中毒易感性无显著关系,出现这种情况的原因可能与分析的样本量较小,或者是有关的多态性位点在AS3MT基因其他的外显子或非编码区上有关.     

水砷浓度快速检测法的研究

目的研究分析水砷浓度快速检测法中各反应物的反应剂量比.方法将待测水样中的元素砷通过H+作用全部转化为砷化氢(AsH3)气体,以氢气为载体载出后与显色试剂条上的显色物质溴化汞(HgBr2)发生显色反应,生成黄色络合物H(HgBr)2As及棕色络合物(HgBr)3As.结果由生成络合物颜色的深浅,即可对水样中的砷含量进行半定量测定.络合物的颜色越深,其水砷浓度越大,二者成正相关.结论方法可对水样中的总砷(正3价及正5价)的含量进行半定量测定,具有简便易携、经济实用、快速可靠的特点,适用于病区的水井普查工作.     

诸暨市产妇和新生儿血液铅、砷、汞、锰、铬含量调查分析

目的 调查分析诸暨市产妇和新生儿血液铅、砷、汞、锰、铬含量.方法 于2018年9月至2020年9月,自诸暨市暨阳街道、浣东街道、陶朱街道各筛选符合条件的产妇、新生儿100对,就其血液铅、砷、汞、锰、铬含量进行检测,比较各街道产妇和新生儿血液重金属浓度,并分析产妇血液重金属浓度与新生儿血液重金属浓度的相关性.结果 不同街...     

Study of Nd3+, Pd2+, Pt4+, and Fe3+ dopant effect on photoreactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles

The metallorganic chemical vapor deposition method was successfully used to synthesize pure TiO(2) and Nd(3+)-, Pd(2+)-, Pt(4+)-, and Fe(3+)-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles. Polycrystalline TiO(2) structure was verified with x-ray diffraction, which showed typical characteristic anatase reflections without any separate dopant-related peaks. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the existence of homogeneously distributed 22 +/- 3 nm TiO(2) nanoparticles. The particle size remained the same for the doped samples. The doping level of transition metals was kept at approximately 1 atomic percent, which was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectra and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The effects of different types of dopants on the photocatalytic activity were revealed by the degradation of 2-chlorophenols with an UV light source. The photocatalytic efficiency was remarkably enhanced by the introduction of Pd(2+) and Nd(3+). Nd(3+)-doped TiO(2) showed the largest enhancement. However, Pt(4+) changed the 2-chlorophenol degradation rate only slightly, and Fe(3+) was detrimental to this process. These effects were related to the position of the dopants in the nanoparticles and the difference in their ionic radii with respect to that of Ti(4+).     

Preparation of Cu2+-loaded porous chitosan particles for immunoglobulin G adsorption

Chitosan porous particles were prepared using a precipitation technique. The porous particles could bind Cu(2+), from which Cu(2+)-loaded porous particles were prepared. The Cu(2+)-loaded porous chitosan particles could remove immunoglobulin (Ig) G more selectively than albumin, IgA and IgM from aqueous solutions and human plasma. The effect of the volume ratio of plasma to particles on protein adsorption was studied, with the results indicating that a volume ratio of 3:1 might be a good choice for clinical use. The particles could be easily incorporated into a column. When human plasma was applied to the particle column, higher removal efficiency was obtained. These results suggested that Cu(2+)-loaded porous particles may be a potentially good sorbent for IgG removal from plasma.     

四株斑点热群立克次体DNA同源性的初步研究

用缺口翻译法将斑点热群立克次体西伯利亚 246 株 DNA 和康氏 Simko株DNA标记~(32)P。分别与中国分离株黑龙江 054株和新疆精河株 DNA进行斑点杂交,以对国内两分离株基因组与北亚、康氏基因组同源性进行初步研究。结果显示,新疆精河株 DNA与西伯利亚246株DNA高度同源。与血清分类实验结果相吻合。黑龙江 054株DNA 与西伯利亚 246株 DNA和康氏 Simko 株 DNA的杂交阳性最低稀释度均低于阳性对照100倍以上。提示054株基因组与西伯利亚立克次体、康氏立克次体 Simko 株基因组存在较明显之差别。     

Mechanism of Dy3+ and Nd3+ Ions Electrochemical Coreduction with Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Chloride Melts

The present paper is devoted to the study of the processes of the mechanism of electrochemical coreduction of Dy³⁺ and Nd³⁺ ions with Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 973 K and characterization of the synthesized samples. The performed voltammetry analysis of the electrochemical coreduction processes elucidated a significant difference in the values of the extraction potentials of the studied metals. This melt testifies that intermetallic compounds of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe may be synthesized in the kinetic regime. The intermetallic phases of Dy and Nd with Ni, Co, and Fe are found to be formed along with the phases of metallic Ni, Co, and Fe either during electrolysis at the cathode current densities exceeding the limiting diffusion current of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions or in the potentiostatic regime at the potentials of the corresponding voltammetry curves. Therefore, the following interrelated key parameters affecting the electrochemical synthesis of Dy and Nd intermetallic compounds with Ni, Co, and Fe were determined: (i) composition of the electrolyte, i.e., concentrations of FeCl₃, CoCl₂, NiCl₂, DyCl₃, and NdCl₃; (ii) cathode current density or electrolysis potential and (iii) electrolysis time. The obtained samples were characterized by micro-X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy methods.     

肝硬化红细胞钠钾ATP酶、钙镁ATP酶及钠钾钙镁改变

目的:探讨肝硬化时细胞内钠钾钙镁的改变及细胞膜钠钾ATP酶(NKA)、钙镁ATP酶 (CMA)活性改变在细胞内钠钾钙镁改变中的作用．方法:测定了52例肝硬化失代偿期(实验组 A)、36例代偿期(实验组B)患者红细胞及血清钠钾钙镁(RNa、RK、RCa、RMg;SNa、 SK、SCa、SMg)含量和NKA和CMA活性．以 36名健康人为对照组．结果:与对照组比较,实验组A的NKA、 CMA、RK、RMg(t=5．92,P<0．001;t=7．21, P<0．001;t=2．32,P<0．02;t=4．79,P<0．001)和买验组B的NKA、CMA、RK、RMg(t=3．83, P<0．001;t=2．53,P<0．02;t=2．03,P<0．05;t= 3．33,P<0．002)均显著降低;与实验组B比较, 实验组A的NKA、CMA活性(t=2．29,P<0．05; t=4．14,P<0．005)显著降低．与对照组比较, 买验组A的SNa、SK、SCa、SMg(t=8．25, P<0．001;t=5．73,P<0．001;t=9．82,P<0．001; t=6．15,P<0．001)显著降低;与实验组B比较, 买验组A的SNa、SK、SCa、SMg(t=6．94, P<0．001;t=5．00,P<0．001;t=5．57,P<0．001; t=5．73,P<0．001)显著降低．与Child B级组比较,Child C级组的NKA、CMA、RK、RMg、 SNa、SK、SCa、SMg(P<0．05或P<0．01) 显著降低．与非肝性脑病组比较,肝性脑病组NKA、CMA、RK、RMg、SNa、SK、 SMg(P<0．05或P<0．01)显著降低．实验组A中, 低SMg者的NKA和CMA显著低于高SMg者 (16．87±3．19 vs 19．04±3．25;109．83±13．51 vs 120．13±13．27;P均<0．05)．结论:肝硬化患者存在缺钾缺镁,且随病情加重而加重,缺钾缺镁可能为病情加重的原因之一．NKA和CMA活性降低可导致细胞内低钾低镁和钠钙蓄积．缺镁为ATP酶活性在失代偿期进一步降低的原因之一．     

Changes of extracellular Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ of the ischemic myocardium in pigs

Summary In open-chest pigs during severe myocardial ischemia [K⁺]e, [Ca²⁺]e and [H⁺]e increase, [Na⁺]e increases transiently reaching control values after 30 min. Extracellular osmolality of the ischemic area increases due to an H₂O-shift from the ECS to the ICS. The increase of [Na⁺]e and [Ca²⁺]e must be explained by the shrinkage of the ECS due to the H₂O-shift. The increase of [Ca²⁺]e is additionally caused by the decrease of pHe. The increase of [K⁺]e is mainly caused by the release of K⁺ from the ICS. The changes of [K⁺]e and [K⁺]i cause a decrease of the membrane potential to a range in which slow response potentials and re-entry excitations can occur. The increase of [K⁺e therefore seems to be a major factor to cause early post-ischemic arrhythmias.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 68, A 7     

三价砷氧化菌株的筛选及其培养条件初探

目的从自然界筛选3价砷(As3 )氧化菌株及优化其培养条件。方法采用富集、稀释平板分离及研究其最佳的培养条件。结果从活性污泥中筛选了2株具有As3 氧化能力的菌株。筛得的菌株对5价砷(As5 )的耐受性高于As3 。对As3 和As5 的耐受量分别为500mg/L和1200mg/L。1号菌株在20℃、2号菌株在30℃,pH值均为6.0的条件下氧化As3 为As5 活性较高。结论可从自然界获得具有一定氧化能力的As3 氧化菌株。