野茉莉叶化学成分研究

目的对野茉莉Styraxjaponicus的叶进行化学成分研究。方法通过硅胶、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离和纯化,根据理化性质、波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从野茉莉叶70%乙醇提取物三氯甲烷萃取部位分离得到16个化合物,包括9个苯丙素和7个其他类化合物,分别鉴定为nectandrinB(1)、豆甾醇(2)、荚果蕨素(3)、eupomatenoid-7(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、去氢二异丁香酚(6)、4-oxo-4[(3β,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yloxy]butanoic acid(7)、4-(3-methory-4-hydroxy)pheny-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one(8)、熊果酸(9)、香草酸(10)、(+)-(7S,8R,8′R)-4,8′-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-hexanorligna-7,7′-lactone (11)、(+)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′,7′-heptanorlign-8′-one(12)、(2S,3R′)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-(2-propen-1-yl)-3-benzofuranmethanol(13)、香草醛(14)、对香豆酸(15)和二氢山柰酚(16)。结论化合物1、3～16均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

1株链霉菌Streptomyces sp. A1693的次级代谢产物研究

该文对1株链霉菌Streptomyces sp.A1693的次级代谢产物进行了化学研究,运用多种色谱分离手段(Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、开放ODS柱色谱及半制备型HPLC等)从其发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取物中共分离得到10个化合物,包括5个丁烯内酯类化合物、2个二酮哌嗪类化合物和3个抗霉素类化合物;通过理化常数测定和多种谱学(NMR,MS及ECD等)数据分析方法鉴定了这些化合物的结构,分别为(5S)-5-(11-hydroxymethyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one(1),(5S)-5-(11-hydroxy-11-methylheptyl)furan-2(5H)-one(2),(5S)-5-(11-methyl-12-oxooctyl)furan-2(5H)-one(3),(5S)-5-(11-hydroxy-11-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one(4),(5S)-5-(11-hydroxy-12-methyloctyl)furan-2(5H)-one(5),环(苯丙-缬)二肽(cyclo-Phe-Val,6),环(苯丙-异亮)二肽(cyclo-Phe-Ile,7),uranchimycin A(8),uranchimycin B(9)和deisovalerylblastomycin(10),其中化合物1为新化合物,同时采用MTT法对得到的单体化合物进行了肿瘤细胞抑制实验,结果显示以上化合物对A549(人肺腺癌细胞)均无明显的细胞毒作用(IC5050 mg·L~(-1))。     

乌桕叶化学成分研究

通过利用正相硅胶色谱、大孔吸附树脂柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20色谱、制备薄层色谱和半制备HPLC等多种分离方法,运用现代波谱技术对所分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,从乌桕Sapium sebiferum叶中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为(+)-(7R,7′R,7"S,7(')S,8S,8′S,8"S,8(')S)-4",4(')-dihydroxy-3,3′,3",3('),5,5′-hexamethoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-4,8";4′,8(')-bisoxy-8,8′-dineo-lignan-7",7('),9",9(')-tetraol(1),1-(4′-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4"-(3-hydroxy propyl)-2",6"-dimethoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-dio1(2),苏式-2,3-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯)-3-甲氧基丙醇(3),threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenylpropane-8,9-diol(4),boropinol B(5),threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(6),5-羟甲基糠醛(7),5-甲氧甲基-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛(8),槲皮素(9),山柰酚(10),没食子酸乙酯(11),松柏醛(12),香草醛(13),7-羟基-6-甲氧基香豆素(14),正二十七烷醇(15),除化合物9～ 11,14外,以上化合物均为首次从乌桕中分离得到.     

苗药芭蕉根化学成分研究

目的:研究芭蕉根的化学成分。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20柱等多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果:从芭蕉根70%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定得到15个化合物,分别为:(1R*,2S*,3R*)-2,3-dihydro-1,2,3-trihydroxy-4-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-1H-phenalene(1)、4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-9-phenyl-1H-phenalen-1-one(2)、trans-(1S,2S)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-acenaphthene-1,2-diol(3)、(4E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one(4)、irenolone(5)、bis-demethoxycurcumin(6)、rel-(3S,4aR,10bR)-8-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9-methoxy-4a,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran(7)、cis-3-phenyl-acenaphthene-1,2-diol(8)、2-methoxy-9-phenyl-phenalen-l-one(9)、bis-(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate(10)、胡萝卜苷(11)、2-(4-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride(12)、lasiodiplodin(13)、4′-dehydroxy-irenolone(14)、2-hydroxy-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-phenalen-1-one(15)。结论:其中,化合物4、6、10、13为首次从芭蕉科植物中分离得到,化合物3为首次从芭蕉属植物中分离得到,化合物1、2、7、9、12、15为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

多籽五层龙的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及半制备型高效液相色谱等手段对多籽五层龙Salacia polysperma枝叶的90%乙醇提取物进行了化学成分研究，从中分离得到了9个化合物，通过现代波谱学分析，分别鉴定为28-羟基雷公藤内酯乙(28-hydroxy wilforlide B,1)、雷公藤内酯甲(wilforlide A,2)、1β,3β-dihydroxyurs-9(11),12-diene(3)、表儿茶素[(-)-epicatechin,4]、儿茶素[(+)-catechin,5]、(-)-4′-O-methyl-ent-galloepicatechin(6)、3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)propan-1-one (7)、(-)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8′,9′-dinor-8,4′-oxyneoligna-7,9-diol-7′-aldehyde(8)、香草酸(vanillic acid,9)。其中化合物1为1个新的齐敦果烷型三萜内酯，除化合物2、5、6外，...     

大风子中木脂素类化学成分研究

研究大风子科大风子属植物大风子Hydnocarpus anthelminthica中的木脂素类成分。采用聚酰胺柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型HPLC等色谱技术对大风子的95%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过波谱学方法(MS,NMR)进行结构鉴定。从大风子的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个木脂素类化合物,分别为(+)-丁香脂素(1),lirioresinol A(2),(+)-medioresinol(3),(7R,8R,8′R)-4′-guaiacylglyceryl-evofolin B(4), leptolepiso C(5),(-)-(7R,7′R,7″R,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5,5′,5″-hexamethoxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol(6),(-)-(7R,7′R,7″R,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5,5′-pentamethoxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′ses-quineolignan-7″,9″-diol(7),肥牛木素(8),dydnocarpusol(9),isohydnocarpin(10),(-)-hydnocarpin (11),hydnocarpin (12),hydnocarpin-D(13)。其中,化合物1～8为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

分心木中的木脂素类化学成分及其抗HIV活性研究

目的研究分心木Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus中的木脂素类化学成分及其抗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)活性。方法运用柱色谱方法对分心木的95%甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,结合波谱技术与理化常数鉴定结构,通过LEDGF/p75-IN蛋白复合体ELISA筛选模型对化合物进行抗HIV活性筛选。结果从分心木95%甲醇提取物中分离得到16个木脂素类化合物,分别鉴定为(-)-丁香脂素(1)、(+)-松脂素(2)、(+)-(7R,7′R,7″S,7′′′S,8S,8′S,8″S,8′′′S)-4″,4′′′-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,3′′′,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7,9′;7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″;4′,8′′′-bisoxy-8,′-dineolignan-7″,7′′′,9″,9′′′-tetraol(3)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4′-羟基-3′-甲氧基苯基)-丙-1-酮(4)、3-羟基-1-(4′-羟基-3′-甲氧基苯基)-丙-1-酮(5)、3′,4′-二甲氧基苯丙二醇(6)、(2S)-3,3-二-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-丙-1,2-二醇(7)、3-羟基-1-(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二甲氧基苯基)-丙-1-酮(8)、(1R,5R,6R)-6-{4′-O-[8″-(7″-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl))glyceol]-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl}-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one(9)、curcasinlignan B(10)、evofolin-B(11)、(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(12)、pinnatifdanin C I(13)、(+)-(7S,8S)-4,1′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-7,8,9-trinor-8,4′-oxyneolignan-7,9-diol(14)、八角莲醇(15)、1-(4′-羟基-3′-甲氧基苯基)-2-[4″-(3-羟丙基)-2″,6″-二甲氧基苯基]-丙-1,3-二醇(16)。结论所有化合物均为首次从分心木中分离得到,其中化合物13具有潜在的抑制HIV-1的活性。     

小叶臭黄皮中单萜和倍半萜类成分研究

研究小叶臭黄皮Clausena excavata茎和叶甲醇提取物的单萜和倍半萜类成分。小叶臭黄皮茎和叶提取物的乙酸乙酯部位经硅胶、RP-18和HPLC等色谱技术分离纯化,通过理化常数和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。从小叶臭黄皮茎和叶中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为:1个单萜,命名为excamonoterpene(1);9个倍半萜,即(6R,9S)-9,10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(2),(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(3),(3S)-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionone(4),(3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone(5),(6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(6),(3S,5R)-dihydroxy-6,7-megstigmadien-9-one(7),(-)-loliolide(8),caryolane-1,9α-diol(9),2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene(10)。化合物1为1个新的单萜,2~10为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

麦冬中具有生物活性的高异黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究麦冬中高异黄酮类化合物及其生物活性。方法:利用多种色谱技术相结合的方法从麦冬中分离获得单体化合物,通过核磁共振方法确定化合物的结构。结果:从麦冬干燥块根中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为7-O-methyl-3'-hydroxy-3,9-dihydropunctatin(1),(3R)-3,7-dihydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one(2),6-hydroxy-7-O-methyl-3,9-dihydropunctatin(3),7,4'-di-O-methyl-3'-hydroxy-3,9-dihydropunctatin(4),(3R)-3,7-dihydroxy-3-[furan-2'(5H)-one]chroman-4-one(5),(aS)-3,9,10-trihydroxy-7-hydro-6H-dibenz-[b,d]oxocin-7-one(6),(3R)-3-hydroxy-3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxychroman-4-one(7),(3R)-3-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxychroman-4-one(8),5-methoxy-6-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-aldehydo-3-(3',4'-methylenedioxybenzyl)chroman-4-one(9),5,8,4'-trimethoxy-6-methyl-7,2'-dihydroxy-3-benzylchroman-4-one(10)。体外细胞毒活性试验表明,化合物1、6、7具有抑制人肺癌细胞(A-549)增殖的活性,IC_(50)值分别为10.1、13.5、8.0μmol·L~(-1)。结论:化合物1~8为首次从麦冬中分离得到。     

侧柏叶中的1个新苯丙素苷

目的研究侧柏Platycladus orientalis叶的化学成分及抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。方法采用硅胶、MCI、聚酰胺及制备液相色谱分离纯化并用波谱技术进行结构鉴定。采用DPPH和ABTS法进行抗氧化活性研究,p NPG法进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究。结果从侧柏叶80%乙醇提取物中分离得到了11个化合物,分别鉴定为4-O-(1′,3′-二羟基丙基-2′-)-二氢松柏醇9-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、杨梅苷(2)、5,8,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮7-O-β-D-木糖苷(3)、isomassonianoside B(4)、(-)-异落叶松脂素9′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、(7R,8S,7′S,8′R)-4,9,4′,7′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-7,9′-epoxylignan4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6)、柳杉酚(7)、桃柁酚(8)、5,6-dehydrosugiol methyl ether(9)、isopimara-8,15-dien-7-one(10)和α-L-鼠李糖乙醇苷(11)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为...     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.