经纤支镜引导放置支架治疗肿瘤性重度气道狭窄

目的评价经纤支镜引导放置镍钛记忆合金支架治疗肿瘤性重度气道狭窄的有效性与安全性。方法选取26例肿瘤性重度气道狭窄的患者,经纤支镜放置镍钛记忆合金支架。结果 26例患者均放置成功,技术成功率为100%。术后症状明显改善,未出现严重并发症,一周后复查纤支镜支架无移位,管腔通畅。结论经纤支镜引导放置镍钛记忆合金支架治疗肿瘤性重度气道狭窄具有有效、安全和简便等优点。     

经纤支镜放置金属支架治疗气管狭窄10例体会

气管狭窄引起的呼气性呼吸困难 ,多有肿瘤引起 ,可以是原发肿瘤 ,也可以是继发肿瘤 ,早期诊断多有困难。晚期缺氧严重 ,甚至出现窒息 ,危及生命 ,治疗十分棘手。近年来 ,我们在纤维支气管镜引导下放置镍钛记忆合金金属支架治疗气管狭窄 1 0例 ,效果显著。现报告如下。临床资料     

纤支镜直视下支架放置治疗中心型肺癌

2000年8月～2003年10月,我们在纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）直视下对20例中心型肺癌患者行气管支架置入,效果明显。现报告如下。     

经纤支镜引导放置自膨式支架治疗严重结核性支气管狭窄

目的评价经纤维支气管镜引导放置自膨式支架治疗严重结核性支气管狭窄的有效性与安全性。方法分析29例经纤维支气管镜放置自膨式支架治疗的严重结核性支气管狭窄的患者,并随访其长期疗效。结果29例患者均放置成功,技术成功率为100%。术后全部病人呼吸困难症状明显改善,所有患者均未出现严重并发症,经过3~24月的随访,术后支架处肉芽组织增生形成再度狭窄5例,经激光治疗后通畅,无支架移位者。结论经纤维支气管镜引导放置自膨式支架治疗严重结核性支气管狭窄具有有效、安全和简便等优点。     

经纤支镜同时置入气管支架和食管支架治疗气管和食管狭窄

气管金属支架和食管金属支架近年逐步应用于临床，对呼吸困难和吞咽困难症状均能起到缓解症状，解除患者痛苦的作用。但经纤支镜单独置入气管支架和胃镜置入食管支架报道颇多，经纤支镜同时置入气管支架和食管支架的报道少见。2002年6月至2003年10月，我们用此方法治疗晚期癌症所致气管食管双狭窄患者10例。现报告如下。     

纤支镜置入镍钛合金支架治疗气道狭窄26例

2001年6月至2004年6月,我们应用经纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)置入镍钛合金支架治疗气道狭窄患者共26例,疗效满意。现报告如下。     

经纤维支气管镜放置支架治疗气道狭窄的临床应用

近年来,有文献报道气管支气管内安置支架治疗气道狭窄,取得了较好效果［１３］。１９９４年１２月至１９９９年１月,我们经纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）放置国产镍钛记忆合金支架（简称ＮＴ支架）治疗各种气道狭窄２３例,取得了满意的效果,现报道如下。对象与方法　２３例住院患者,男１６例,女７例。年龄３９～８２岁,平均６０岁。气管狭窄１５例,其中食管癌气管内转移８例,气管癌２例,甲状腺癌及纵隔淋巴结压迫致气管狭窄３例,气管平滑肌瘤１例,气管切开处肉芽及疤痕增生致气管狭窄１例。左右主支气管及隆突狭窄２例,左主支气管…     

经纤维支气管镜放置镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗恶性肿瘤所致的气道狭窄

目的 介绍一种应用于治疗恶性肿瘤致气道狭窄的支架、推送方法,并进行疗效观察。方法 应用自行研制与支气管镜相连的支架推送装置直接放置镍钛记忆合金支架,治疗恶性肿瘤致气道狭窄３１例。结果 ３１例均放置成功,一次放置成功率９４％,症状明显改善８４％,改善不明显３％。结论经纤支镜放置镍钛记忆合金网状支架安全、迅速、准确,病人痛苦少,放置前对患者进行综合评价,有助于延长患者的生存时间和提高生活质量。     

气管支架治疗气道狭窄

气管支架治疗气道狭窄广州省深圳市人民医院呼吸内科王铁生气管支气管狭窄，无论是由于管腔内肿瘤或管外压迫所致，均能引起呼吸困难、难治性咳嗽及致死的并发症，如感染、咯血，呼吸衰竭等，气道狭窄的治疗非常困难。近年来，有文献报道气管支气管内安量支架治疗气道狭窄...     

气道支架治疗气管、支气管狭窄研究进展

气道狭窄可引起呼吸困难、顽固性咳嗽、咯血、感染等 ,严重者可出现呼吸衰竭 ,甚至窒息死亡。导致气道狭窄的原因很多 ,主要有炎性肉芽肿、疤痕、结核、外伤、气管软化症、淀粉样变、肿瘤等。气道狭窄的治疗非常困难 ,传统的外科手术对于病变范围小、局限性的气道狭窄疗效较好 ,一般采用袖式切除和端端吻合。但晚期肿瘤造成的气道狭窄、狭窄较长或多处狭窄、术后复发再狭窄及年龄大、一般情况差的患者均不宜行手术治疗。近年来 ,临床采用内支架治疗气道狭窄疗效显著。下面就其研究进展综述如下。1　气道支架的历史196 5年 Montgonery发明了…     

Antireflux stents for palliation of malignant esophagocardial stenosis

Placement of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) for palliation of malignant stenoses at the gastroesophageal junction is often associated with stent migration and reflux symptoms. SEMS with an antireflux mechanism have been developed to overcome the latter problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antireflux Z-stents. Patients with advanced squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or cardia suffering from dysphagia received an antireflux Z-stent. Technical success, complications of the procedure, clinical symptoms before and after stent placement, reinterventions and survival were recorded. Follow-up was accomplished by patient interviews and a standardized questionnaire for primary care physicians. Eighteen consecutive patients received an antireflux Z-stent. Seventeen of 18 stents were placed technically successful in a single endoscopic procedure. Mean dysphagia score improved from 2.2 to 0.6. Four patients (22%) had permanent reflux symptoms, an additional nine (50%) were taking proton pump inhibitors on a regular basis. In 10 patients, a re-intervention was necessary mainly due to dislocation of the stent. To ensure adequate nutrition three and two patients received a percutaneous gastrostomy and a jejunostomy, respectively. Median survival from stent insertion was 54 days (range, 3-201). Although placement of an antireflux Z-stent is technically feasible, its application is hampered by frequent stent migration and insufficient prevention of gastroesophageal reflux. Further technical improvements of stents or alternative methods like brachytherapy are required for satisfactory palliation of malignant gastroesophageal stenosis.     

DSA透视下隆突定位法金属支架治疗恶性气道狭窄

目的探讨DSA透视下隆突定位法金属支架治疗恶性气道狭窄的疗效与安全性。方法对5例恶性气道狭窄患者在DSA透视下,采用隆突定位法行自膨胀金属支架置入术。结果 5例患者均一次性放置成功。患者的呼吸困难立即好转,呼吸困难指数由IV级将至0～I级。结论对于重度的恶性气道狭窄患者,根据胸部CT预先确定气管狭窄段与隆突间距离,DSA透视下隆突定位法金属支架置入术微创、安全、有效。     

Fully covered self-expandable metallic stents for malignant airway disorders

Background

Airway stenting is an established procedure for treating airway stenosis and fistulas. The AERO stent (Merit Medical Systems, South Jordan, UT, USA), a relatively new, fully covered, self-expandable metallic stent, was approved in Japan in 2014. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of this stent for malignant airway disorders.

Self-expandable metallic stents in nonmalignant large airway disease

Airway self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) were initially studied in malignant airway obstruction; however, their use in benign airway diseases has become progressively more frequent. This may be explained by their ease of insertion compared with silicone stents, which require rigid bronchoscopy for insertion. While initial experience with SEMS in benign disease suggested efficacy and promising short-term safety profile, long-term follow-up revealed significant complication rates. In addition to a high complication rate, the management of these complications is made more difficult by the semipermanent nature of these devices. Reported complications include infection, granulation tissue formation, stent migration, stent fracture, airway perforation and fistula formation, as well as extension of the initial injury, potentially eliminating other therapeutic options such as surgical resection. Therefore, SEMS should only be used in nonmalignant large airway disease as a last resort for patients in whom other endoscopic methods, including silicone stents and dilations, as well as surgical options have failed or are technically not feasible.     

药物洗脱支架治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄四例

目的 通过应用药物洗脱支架(CypherTM)治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的临床效果观察,以探讨防止再狭窄的机制。方法 选择症状性颅内动脉狭窄4例患者,1例右颈内动脉C4段重度狭窄伴左椎动脉开口重度狭窄,2例椎动脉V4段重度狭窄,1例右侧大脑中动脉M1段重度狭窄,病变狭窄程度经DSA造影证实均在90％以上,狭窄长度为13-15 mm。在全身麻醉下,以Seldinger's技术行右股动脉穿刺,置入6 F动脉鞘,使用6 F Envoy导引导管,在微导丝引导下将CypherTM支架准确定位后释放。 结果 DSA造影证实:1例右颈内动脉C4段伴左椎动脉开口狭窄,管径恢复正常,2例椎动脉V4段及1例右侧大脑中动脉M1段狭窄程度减少90％以上。4例患者临床症状消失。结论 药物洗脱支架在治疗冠状动脉狭窄中已有应用,治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄是一种新的尝试,临床效果及能否预防再狭窄,尚需进一步随访。     

自膨胀式金属支架在良性气道狭窄中的应用

近年来,自膨胀式金属支架由于其仅需在局麻下通过纤维性支气管镜就能有效、安全地治疗中央气道阻塞性病变而被广泛地应用于临床.由于金属支架一旦放置就难以取出及某些较难处理的并发症使其在良性气道狭窄的临床应用仍存在争议.本文就自膨胀式金属支架的特点及其在治疗良性气道狭窄中的优缺点、并发症、应用现状作一综述.     

Natural stent in the management of post-intubation tracheal stenosis

Background and objective:   The treatment choice for post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) in patients for whom surgery is not initially feasible is bronchoscopic silicone stenting. A new silicone stent, called the Natural stent (N stent), was investigated for its clinical efficacy and safety in patients with PITS.
Methods:   A retrospective review was conducted of 32 patients with PITS who underwent N stenting between November 2001 and December 2006 and were followed for at least 12 months.
Results:   Airway dilatation with combined modalities such as Nd : YAG laser, ballooning or bougienage was followed by N stent insertion. After intervention, all patients had symptomatic and spirometric improvement without immediate complications. Removal of the stent without re-stenosis was successful in 38% of the patients at a median time of 7 months after insertion. The stent could not be removed or needed reinsertion in 31% of patients, and 16% of patients underwent surgery after initial stabilization by stenting. Late complications were stent migration (34%), mucostasis (31%), granulation tissue formation (38%) and re-stenosis (40%). All patients tolerated the management of complications during a median follow up of 22 months.
Conclusions:   Bronchoscopic N stenting is an effective treatment for patients with PITS in whom surgery is not feasible on initial presentation. Further stent development is necessary to reduce the late complication rate.     

球囊扩张支架与自膨式支架治疗症状性颅内动脉重度狭窄的比较

目的探讨应用冠状动脉球囊扩张支架和自膨式支架治疗症状性颅内动脉重度狭窄的差异。方法2009年3-11月收治的症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者22例（23处病变,置人74枚支架）,分别采用冠状动脉球囊扩张支架和自膨式支架进行血管内治疗,比较两种支架治疗颅内动脉重度狭窄的技术成功率、并发症以及近期预后。结果①采用冠状动脉球囊扩张支架治疗的共12例患者,13处病变,按照病变部位,位于前循环5处,后循环8处,按照Mori分型,A型8处,B型4处,C型1处;采用自膨式支架治疗的共10例患者,11处病变（其中1处病变联合使用自膨式支架和球囊扩张支架）,位于前循环8处,后循环3处,其中MoriA型1处,B型5处,C型5处。②冠状动脉球囊扩张支架组的技术成功率为100％（13／13）。1例MoriC型患者出现围手术期神经系统并发症。自膨式支架组的技术成功率为91％（10／11）,1例死亡。③两组患者术后随访半年,均无短暂性脑缺血发作或卒中发作,TED随访5例,冠状动脉球囊扩张支架组有1例发生无症状再狭窄（1／4）。结论两种支架治疗症状性颅内动脉重度狭窄均有效,且技术成功率、并发症发生率和近期预后相似。     

气管支气管支架置入术治疗气管狭窄178例临床分析

目的探讨气管支气管支架置入术治疗气管狭窄的临床疗效。方法选择我院2001年9月至2011年9月治疗的178例气管狭窄患者,在对气道状况进行综合评估的基础上,采用气管支气管支架置入术进行治疗,并对治疗效果、并发症、死亡情况进行分析。结果共放置支架192个,裸支架120个,覆膜支架72个。支架的放置于气管支架103个,右主支气管48个,左主支气管41个。患者在治疗前的气促症状评级为3～4级,治疗后显著改善(P<0.05)。体力状况也得到了明显的恢复(P<0.05)。术后发生气道感染29例,10例患者因肿瘤扩散导致气管再次堵塞,呼吸困难症状加重,重新安装支架。随访观察6个月,死亡62人,死亡原因包括呼吸衰竭、肺部感染、大咯血等,存活率为65.2%(116/178)。大部分存活患者的纤维支气管镜复查结果显示,支架可较好的上皮化,未发生脱落。结论气管支气管支架置入术治疗气管狭窄安全有效,为气管狭窄的治疗提供了一个新的选择。