经下腔静脉肝内穿刺介入操作的临床应用

目的：探讨经下腔静脉(IVC)肝内穿刺介入操作，包括肝静脉造影、第二肝门重建术（RSHH）和直接肝内门腔分流术（DIPS）的临床应用。方法：回顾性分析11例经IVC肝内穿刺介入操作，评价临床疗效。结果：11例成功行经IVC内穿刺操作，①经IVC肝内穿刺肝静脉造影及第二肝门重建术；其中7例行第二肝门重建术，术后门脉高压症状明显改善5例，轻度改善2例；1例IVC阻塞症状轻度改善；4例消化道出血患中，3例术后8个月-3年均再无发生，1例术后1个月再发急性出血；另2例只行肝静脉造影；②直接肝内门腔分流术：共2例，术后门脉高压症状均明显改善，分别于术后2年及4牛肉 未发生消化道出血。结论：①经IVC肝内穿刺肝静脉造影可准确评价肝静脉和门静脉系统血流动力学状况；②经IVC途径的第二肝门重建术穿刺安全，成功率高。重建通道效果明确，术后狭窄少；③DIPS优点是穿刺安全简便，分流效果好。保护正常肝静脉，减少胆道损伤，术后狭窄少。     

经下腔静脉肝内穿刺介入操作的临床应用

【目的】探讨经下腔静脉 (IVC)肝内穿刺介入操作 ,包括肝静脉造影、第二肝门重建术 (RSHH)和直接肝内门腔分流术 (DIPS)的临床应用。【方法】回顾性分析 11例经IVC肝内穿刺介入操作 ,评价临床疗效。【结果】 11例成功行经IVC内穿刺操作 ,①经IVC肝内穿刺肝静脉造影及第二肝门重建术 :其中 7例行第二肝门重建术 ,术后门脉高压症状明显改善 5例 ,轻度改善 2例 ;1例IVC阻塞症状轻度改善 ;4例消化道出血患者中 ,3例术后 8个月～ 3年均再无发生 ,1例术后 1个月再发急性出血 ;另 2例只行肝静脉造影 ;②直接肝内门腔分流术 :共 2例 ,术后门脉高压症状均明显改善 ,分别于术后 2年及 4年内未发生消化道出血。【结论】①经IVC肝内穿刺肝静脉造影可准确评价肝静脉和门静脉系统血流动力学状况 ;②经IVC途径的第二肝门重建术穿刺安全 ,成功率高。重建通道效果明确 ,术后狭窄少 ;③DIPS优点是穿刺安全简便 ,分流效果好。保护正常肝静脉 ,减少胆道损伤 ,术后狭窄少。     

超声诊断在评价门腔静脉分流术后门静脉血流动力学中的研究价值

目的 运用彩色多普勒超声检查监测直接性经皮经肝门腔分流术(direct intrahepatic portacavalshunt,DIPS)前后门静脉系血流动力学变化并评价该检查方法的临床应用价值.方法 对12例门静脉高压症患者DIPS前后的门静脉系管腔内径、血流方向、血流速度的超声测值进行对比研究.结果 超声引导下12例DIPS均一次穿刺成功;术后分流道为高速离肝血流信号,支架周围未见明显渗液;门静脉主干、右支、脾静脉及肠系膜上静脉内径较术前缩小(P＜0.05),门静脉左支内径无明显变化(P＞0.05),手术前后门静脉系血流速度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 DIPS通过分流门静脉系血流入下腔静脉缓解门静脉高压.作为DIPS术中引导穿刺及术后监测门静脉系血流动力学变化及评价支架功能的首选方法,彩色多普勒超声可为临床评估手术疗效提供重要依据.     

不同球囊导管治疗下腔静脉阻塞的回顾性分析

目的　探讨不同球囊导管治疗肝段下腔静脉阻塞的效果和选择要点。方法　分别选用聚乙烯 18mm、2 0mm球囊和Inoue 2 4mm、2 6mm球囊对 48例肝段下腔静脉阻塞患者进行经皮血管腔内成形术 (PTA) ,9例放置血管内支架。术前术后行下腔静脉造影并测量、计算下腔静脉至右心房压力阶差。结果　PTA术后下腔静脉内径由 (1.9± 0 .4)mm增至 (18.3± 6.3 )mm。下腔静脉压由 (3 .14± 0 .77)kPa降至 (1.50± 0 .53 )kPa。残余压力阶差聚乙烯 18mm球囊组、2 0mm球囊组分别为 (0 .77± 0 .3 2 )kPa、(0 .62± 0 .3 5)kPa ;Inoue 2 4mm球囊组、2 6mm球囊组分别为 (0 .3 4± 0 .2 7)kPa、(0 .2 4± 0 .2 5)kPa。结论　PTA是治疗肝段下腔静脉阻塞的有效方法 ,以大腔球囊对病变部位充分扩张是提高疗效、预防再狭窄的关键     

TIPS支架再通术在维持分流道通畅中的应用

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术(TIPS)再通术在维持TIPS分流道通畅中的应用。方法 2007年8月至2011年2月8例TIPS患者术后分流道狭窄行TIPS再通术,2例行球囊扩张术,6例再次植入分流支架术。结果 8例患者TIPS再通术均成功,成功率100%,术后患者门静脉压力梯度由TIPS术前(27.25±2.25)cm H2O降为术后(17.50±1.34)cm H2O,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),所有病例随访1年分流道通畅。术后1周肝功能指标较术前升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后3个月,肝功能指标较术前及术后1周好转,总胆红素、清蛋白、ALT、AST差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TIPS再通术,能再次有效开通分流道,微创、低损伤、可重复操作,是值得推广的一种手术方法。     

使用Viatorr支架完成经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术:附3例报告

报告使用Viatorr支架完成经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术3例,并结合文献讨论该支架的特点,置入过程的操作要点.3例患者均为肝硬化并门静脉高压症,食管静脉曲张破裂出血.3例患者均成功完成经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术,术前3例患者门静脉压力分别为30.1、32.4、42.6 mmHg,术后门静脉压力分别下降至21.3、17.7、26.5 mmHg.随访期间均无肝性脑病发生,彩超检查显示支架内血流通畅.使用Viatorr支架可以成功完成经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术.     

肝后段下腔静脉肝内门静脉的CT及应用解剖学研究

目的:分析肝后段下腔静脉(RHSIVC)与肝内门静脉的解剖关系,为经肝后段下腔静脉途径建立肝内门腔分流提供形态学依据。方法:分析25例正常和25例肝硬化患者上腹部增强图像,并利用MPR重建并分别测量肝后段下腔静脉的长度,计算周围肝实质包绕RHSIVC的范围,以及与距门脉分叉1cm左右的肝内门脉左支(LPV)、右支(RPV)及门脉分叉部(BPV)同层面的RHSIVC中心至上述部位的距离,并测量经肝后段下腔静脉顺行性(股静脉途径)、逆行性(颈静脉途径)至LPV、RPV、BPV的穿刺深度和角度(穿刺途径与矢状面、下腔静脉纵轴之间的夹角)以及测量拟定最佳穿刺途径的深度和角度。数据采用配对t检验。观测20例正常成人离体RHSIVC与肝内门静脉的空间定位关系。结果:①SCTA组和标本组70例肝后段下腔静脉平均高度为(62.89±13.27)mm(40.2~100.7mm),50%~100%RHSIVC管腔被周围肝实质所包绕,其中37.14%(26/70)在RHSIVC的上1/4与下3/4交接处完全被肝实质包绕。②肝硬化组:从肝后段下腔静脉至LPV、RPV、BPV顺行性穿刺的深度为(46.02±12.26)mm、(30.06±8.35)mm、(25.18±7.30)mm,与矢状面的夹角为正20.28°±12.39°、正56.52°±14.31°、正28.84°±15.44°,与纵轴之间的夹角为53.92°±9.21°、57.80°±10.97°、69.32°±15.61°;而逆行性穿刺深度为(49.31±7.72)mm、(49.38±8.08)mm、(56.80±8.31)mm,与矢状面的夹角为正20.08°±12.16°、正56.64°±14.28°、正28.36°±15.16°,与纵轴之间的夹角为45.64°±10.67°、29.88°±6.41°、24.4°±5.51°。顺行性穿刺RPV、LPV、BPV的深度及角度有显著性差异(P<0.05),而逆行性穿刺RPV、LPV的深度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。正常组:从肝后段下腔静脉至LPV、RPV、BPV顺行性穿刺的深度为(41.98±10.20)mm、(29.30±7.66)mm、(25.05±6.74)mm,与矢状面的夹角为正20.32°±13.33°、正48.16°±14.42°、正26.08°±18.91°,与纵轴之间的夹角为(53.88±9.88)mm、(58.12±11.19)mm、(69.8±12.94)mm;而逆行性穿刺深度为(48.23±7.69)mm、(50.41±9.01)mm、(56.55±10.83)mm,与矢状面的夹角为正20.32°±13.31、正48.00°±14.47°、正26.20°±18.63°,与纵轴之间的夹角为44.76°±14.67°、30.36°±8.37°、25.00°±8.17°。正常组和肝硬化组的顺行性及逆行性穿刺RPV、BPV的深度及角度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。③正常组的拟定最佳穿刺途径的深度为(32.99±5.14)mm,与矢状面的夹角为正50.16°±13.57°,与纵轴之间的夹角为45.04°±9.18°。肝硬化组的拟定最佳穿刺途径的深度为(33.75±5.98)mm,与矢状面的夹角为正56.04°±15.14°,与纵轴的夹角为44.32°±7.08°。正常组和肝硬化组的模拟最佳穿刺途径的深度及角度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:①肝后段下腔静脉长度约63mm,且在RHSIVC上1/4与下3/4的交接处50%~100%的下腔静脉被肝实质所包绕,经RHSIVC建立肝内门腔分流安全是可行的。②最佳穿刺途径应选择逆行性(经颈静脉途径)穿刺肝内门脉右支,肝后段下腔静脉的穿刺点应在RHSIVC的上1/4和下3/4的交接处,穿刺深度一般为(33.75±5.98)mm、与矢状轴的角度一般为正56°±15°,与纵轴之间的夹角一般为44°±7°。     

经肝裸区腔房转流术治疗布加氏综合征

本文报告2例布加氏综合征经肝裸区腔房转流术.2例均为Hirooka Ib型,术毕测下腔静脉压力,分别由术前2.75kPa和3.73kPa降至1.67kPa和1.87kPa.术后症状体征迅速消失.随访50和24个月效果良好,说明满意的压力降低是手术成功的重要标准.Hirooka Ia,Ib,Ic及Ⅳ型首选本术式的优点是:①移植人工血管短,通畅率高;②不易受压;③符合正常血液动力学;④只一个切口,创伤较小.     

联合手术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压

目的 :探讨治疗门静脉高压新术式。方法 :2 3例肝硬化门静脉高压患者采用肠系膜上静脉与下腔静脉人造血管架桥分流或脾腔分流术 ,门静脉、奇静脉断流及脾切除术 ,并进行远期随访。结果 :术中测定门静脉压力 ,脾切除术前 3.45± 0 .6kPa ,脾切除术后 3.15± 0 .5kPa ,分流术后 2 .85± 0 .45kPa ,断流术后 3.0 5± 0 .38kPa。全组术后 2周内行Doppler彩超检查示血管吻合口通畅。 1例出院后失访 ,2 2例中 ,随访 1～ 7年。 1例 2年后因黑便入内科 ,纤维胃镜检查为门静脉高压性胃病 ,1例术后 5年因少量呕血 ,内科控制后 ,Doppler彩超检查脾腔吻合口狭窄。再出血率约 9%。结论 :该术式治疗门静脉高压疗效可靠。     

布-加综合征并上腔静脉阻塞的处理

目的　探讨合并上腔静脉病变的布 -加综合征 (BCS)的治疗方法。方法　 3例术前均经彩色Doppler及血管造影确诊。 1例行腔房人工血管旁路 ,1例行下腔静脉破膜及扩张(PTA) ,1例行PTA及内支架置入 ;3例中 ,1例上腔静脉血栓延续至双侧颈内静脉者行溶栓治疗 ,余 2例上腔静脉病变未予处理。结果　 3例下腔静脉压力变化 :术前分别为 2 .40kPa、2 .16kPa、3.5 3kPa(平均 2 .98± 0 .12kPa) ,术后降至 0 .98kPa、1.2 7kPa和 1.0 8kPa(平均 0 .74± 0 .15kPa ,P <0 .0 5 )。随访 3月至 11年 ,2例症状及体征完全消失 ,1例明显缓解 ,均恢复正常生活及工作。结论　介入治疗是该类BCS的首选方法 ,其并存的局限性上腔静脉病变可不预处理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.