不同安氏错(牙合)类型病人第三磨牙缺失情况的分析研究

目的：探讨第三磨牙先天缺失与错殆畸形之间的关系。方法：选取我科收治的正畸病人800例，年龄13～23岁。按照Angle错殆分类法，将样本分属于三类错[牙合]畸形，通过全景曲面断层片判定第三磨牙先天缺失的情况。对不同错[牙合]畸形的第三磨牙先天缺失情况进行统计学分析。结果：在全部病人中，第三磨牙先天缺失率以人数计为32．63％、以牙胚数计为18．72％；无论上颌还是下颌，第三磨牙牙胚缺失率与左右侧无关；上颌第三磨牙牙胚的缺失率明显大于下颌（P〈0．05）；Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形之间第三磨牙的先天缺失无论在上颌、下颌以及全颌间均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在错[牙合]畸形病人中，约30％存在一个或数个第三磨牙的缺失；安氏I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形与第三磨牙先天缺失之间没有直接关联。     

正常[牙合]与错[牙合]患者第三磨牙先天缺失的比较研究

目的 探讨正常[牙合]与错[牙合]青年第三磨牙的发育情况。方法 对相同年龄分布的青年正常[牙合]个体97人和错[牙合]患者186人进行临床检查与X线测量分析，对第三磨牙存在与缺失、缺失部位、牙胚位置及其与[牙合]平面夹角等进行对照研究。统计分析为卡方分析和t检验。结果 以人计数的第三磨牙缺失率正常[牙合]个体为46．36％，高于错[牙合]患者29.03％；以牙计数的第三磨牙缺失率正常[牙合]个体21．65％也高于错于[牙合]患者的16．67％，而且正常[牙合]个体上颌第三磨牙的缺失尤其高于错[牙合]患者；正常[牙合]和错[牙合]患者上颌第三磨牙的缺失率均高于下颌；发育中的第三磨牙与[牙合]平面的夹角，无论是正常[牙合]和错[牙合]患者，均为下颌大于上颌，其中男性错[牙合]患者下颌磨牙的夹角大于女性患者及正常[牙合]男性。在错[牙合]患者中牙列存在间隙的患者及存在其他牙齿异常苦。第三磨牙的缺失率显著增高。结论 汉族正常[牙合]个体第三磨牙缺失率高于错[牙合]患者；上颌第三磨牙比下颌磨牙更易缺失；在发育过程中下颌第三磨牙比上二颌磨牙更加倾斜。     

AngleⅡ类错(牙合)畸形患者牙弓宽度的测量分析

目的：比较分析AngleⅡ类错[牙合]畸形患者牙弓宽度及其牙弓形态特点。方法：选择AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者（平均年龄15．6岁）、AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者（平均年龄15．8岁）和对照组AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者（平均年龄16．2岁）的原始模型各40副,测量每副模型的上下尖牙、第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一磨牙之间的距离,计算上、下颌对应牙弓宽度差;对各组各项牙弓宽度和牙弓宽度差进行t检验。结果：AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者上颌牙弓宽度较AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者狭窄,但差异无显著性（Jp〉0．05）,AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽度与AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者无显著差异（P〉0．05）;AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者上颌中、后牙弓宽度和下颌牙弓宽度较AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者的牙弓宽度窄,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽度比AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽大,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者上下颌宽度差小于AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者,尖牙、第二前磨牙处差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者上下颌牙弓宽度差与AngleⅠ类轻度错[牙合]畸形患者无显著差异（P〉0．05）;AngleⅡ^1类错[牙合]畸形患者上下颌牙宽度差比AngleⅡ^2类错[牙合]畸形患者小,尖牙处宽度差差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：AngleⅡ^1、AngleⅡ^2错[牙合]畸形患者上颌牙弓以及AngleⅡ^2错[牙合]畸形患者下颌牙弓宽度发育均有不足．治疗中可适当进行扩弓。     

AngleⅢ类错(牙合)牙弓及牙槽弓宽度测量分析

目的：分析AngleⅢ类错[牙合]患者牙弓及牙槽弓宽度及形态特点。方法：选取87例AngleⅢ类错[牙合]畸形病例及对照组91名正常[牙合]个体原始模型,按性别分组,测量各项牙弓宽度、牙槽弓宽度并计算上、下颌对应的牙弓、牙槽弓宽度差;对各组各项牙弓、牙槽弓宽度和宽度差进行t检验。结果：正常[牙合]组与AngleⅢ类错[牙合]组男性牙弓宽度、牙槽弓宽度均大子女性牙弓、牙槽弓宽度（p〈0．05）：AngleⅢ类错[牙合]组下颌尖牙间宽度及下颌磨牙间宽度大于正常胎组（p〈0．01）。其余测量指标AngleⅢ类错[牙合]组均小于正常黯组。结论：AngleⅢ类错[牙合]上颌骨生长受限,上颌牙齿有向腭侧倾斜,下颌牙齿有向颊侧倾斜的倾向,治疗过程中的上颌扩弓是必要的。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(七)——拔除磨牙矫治成人骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)

目的：探讨采用拔除磨牙的方法矫治骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]的疗效。方法：选择12例骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]病例,生长发育均已完成。治疗前后拍摄头颅定位侧位片和口腔全景片。根据磨牙冠根发育状况,结合畸形类型设计拔除第一、第二或第三磨牙。采用直丝弓矫治技术,平均疗程20个月。选择15项软、硬组织头影测量指标,比较矫治前后软硬组织的变化,并进行t检验。结果：矫治前后SNA、SNB无明显改变、U1-LI显著增大、L1-MP显著减小,说明反[牙合]的矫治主要依赖于下前牙的内收直立实现,矫治后鼻唇角显著增大,颏唇角显著减小,使患者的侧貌得到明显改善。结论：对于生长发育完成的成人骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合],选择拔除磨牙的矫治设计对于面型的改善及咬合关系的调整均有很好的效果。     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(十七)——拔除磨牙矫治前牙开(牙合)畸形

目的：探讨拔除磨牙矫治前牙开[牙合]的矫治方法和效果。方法：采用直丝弓矫治器,对9例恒牙期开病例进行拔除磨牙矫治。根据磨牙冠根发育及病理情况,结合错[牙合]类型,拔除4个第一磨牙2例;拔除双侧下颌第一磨牙及上颌第二磨牙2例;拔除双侧下颌第一磨牙2例;拔除双侧下颌第二磨牙1例;拔除双侧下颌第三磨牙及上颌第二磨牙2例。结果：全部病例矫治后均为前牙正常覆覆盖或Ⅰ度深覆[牙合],后牙中性关系。开[牙合]矫治最长时间为18个月,最短7个月,平均14个月。结论：拔除磨牙矫治前牙开[牙合],具有效果显著,矫治时间短,矫治后稳定性较好等特点。     

改良Nance弓矫治后牙锁(牙合)的临床应用

后牙锁[牙合]是一种临床较为常见的错[牙合]畸形,以第二磨牙正锁[牙合]更为多见.锁[牙合]牙齿不仅在水平向,而且在垂直向及近远中向同时伴有其它各种畸形.临床根据不同情况矫治锁[牙合]的方法较多,本文介绍应用改良Nance弓矫治上颌第二磨牙正锁[牙合]伴前牙深覆[牙合]12 例,既矫正了锁[牙合]又能快速打开咬合,获得了满意的临床效果.     

轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)矫治后牙(牙合)关系的PAR指数评价

目的 比较轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形拔牙矫治和非拔牙矫治的牙[牙合]矫治效果。方法测量80例矫治完成的轻中度骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]患者治疗前后模型的PAR指数,并进行比较。结果两组治疗前,牙齿错位、咬合关系和覆盖的PAR指数有显著性,P〈0．05;2组治疗后,牙齿错位与中线差异有显著性,P〈0．05;治疗前后PAR减少的百分率中,牙齿错位、咬合关系项目差异有显著性,P〈0．05。结论PAR分值能反映错[牙合]严重程度,拔牙病例的错[牙合]主要在牙齿错位、覆盖、中线不调方面较非拔牙病例重。拔牙矫治更有利于牙齿错位的调整。     

非拔牙矫治成人功能性Ⅲ类错(牙合)的临床分析

目的：总结成人功能性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]的矫治效果。方法：本组7例功能性Ⅲ类错[牙合]病例采用非拔牙矫治,以活动式上颌后牙[牙合]垫打开咬合,然后用固定矫治器唇向移动上前牙,纠正前牙反[牙合],最后调整全牙列咬合关系。结果：7例患者反[牙合]全部解除,磨牙呈中性关系,面型改善,颞颌关节无变化。反[牙合]解除时间平均2．5个月;全部矫治完成时间10．5个月。结论：采用非拔牙设计,联合应用活动式上颌后牙[牙合]垫与固定矫治器矫治成人功能性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合],疗程短,疗效满意。     

正畸治疗对第二磨牙错位萌出影响的初步研究

目的　调查正畸治疗中第二磨牙错位萌出与正畸门诊患者第二磨牙错位的发病率和分布规律,分析两者的不同之处及其相关因素。方法　选取10~16岁的正畸门诊患者,根据初诊时第二磨牙是否萌出分为2组。实验组为初诊时4个第二磨牙均未萌出,治疗结束时均已萌出,随机抽取样本222例;对照组为初诊时4个第二恒磨牙已萌出建牙合,随机抽取样本474例,在全景片和石膏模型上分析两组患者各类第二磨牙错牙合的发病率和分布规律,用卡方检验将2组数据进行横向对比。结果　 对照组第二磨牙总错牙合发病率为70％,上颌第二磨牙颊倾发病率最高（36.27％）,下颌舌倾发病率最高（31.65％）。实验组第二磨牙总错牙合发病率为79.73%,正畸治疗后下颌磨牙近中倾斜、远中倾斜、阻生的发生率增加,深覆盖的发生率增加。结论　 正畸治疗患者第二磨牙错牙合发病率较高,要将第二磨牙纳入矫治计划,选择适当的矫治时机。     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.