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1.
Cotogni P Muzio G Trombetta A Ranieri VM Canuto RA 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2011,35(1):114-121
Background: ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω‐6 PUFAs have opposing influences on inflammation. The objective was to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced cytokine release by human alveolar cells was affected by changes in the ω‐3/ω‐6 ratio of cell membranes induced by different supplies of PUFAs. Methods: After LPS challenge, PUFAs were added to alveolar cells as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, ω‐3) and arachidonic acid (AA, ω‐6) in 4 different DHA/AA ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:7), and the effects on cytokine release were measured. Results: The supply of 1:1 and 1:2 DHA/AA ratios reversed the baseline predominance of ω‐6 over ω‐3 in the ω‐3/ω‐6 PUFA ratio of cell membranes. The release of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐8) was reduced by 1:1 and 1:2 DHA/AA ratios (P < .01 to P < .001) but increased by 1:4 and 1:7 DHA/AA ratios (P < .01 to P < .001) vs control. The 1:1 and 1:2 ratios increased the release of anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 (P < .001). The balance between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines showed an anti‐inflammatory response with 1:1 and 1:2 ratios and a proinflammatory response with 1:4 and 1:7 ratios (P < .001). Conclusions: This study showed that proinflammatory cytokine release was dependent on the proportion of ω‐3 in the ω‐3/ω‐6 ratio of alveolar cell membranes, being reduced with the supply of a high proportion of DHA and increased with a high proportion of AA, respectively. These results support the biochemical basis for current recommendations to shift the PUFA supply from ω‐6 to ω‐3 in nutrition support of patients with acute lung injury. 相似文献
2.
Justine M. Turner MD PhD Jessica Josephson MSc Catherine J. Field PhD Pamela R. Wizzard BSc Ronald O. Ball PhD Paul B. Pencharz MD PhD Paul W. Wales MD MSc 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2016,40(7):973-981
Background: The optimal parenteral lipid emulsion for neonates should reduce the risk of intestinal failure–associated liver disease and inflammation, while supporting growth and development. This could be best achieved by balanced content of ω‐6 and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Using a neonatal piglet model of parenteral nutrition (PN), we compared a 100% soy oil–based emulsion (ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA: 7:1) with a mixed lipid emulsion comprising 30% soy oil, 30% medium‐chain triglycerides, 25% olive oil, and 15% fish oil (ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA: approximately 2.5:1) with regard to liver disease, inflammation, and fatty acid content in plasma and brain. Method: Neonatal piglets, 3–6 days old, underwent jugular catheter insertion for isonitrogenous, isocaloric PN delivery over 14 days. The IL group (n = 8) was treated with Intralipid; the ML group (n = 10) was treated with the mixed lipid (SMOFlipid). Bile flow, liver chemistry, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and PUFA content in plasma phospholipids and brain were compared. Results: Compared with the IL group, ML‐treated piglets had increased bile flow (P = .008) and lower total bilirubin (P = .001) and CRP (P = .023) concentrations. The ω‐6 long‐chain PUFA content was lower in plasma and brain for the ML group. The key ω‐3 long‐chain PUFA for neonatal development, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was not different between groups. Conclusion: The mixed lipid, having less ω‐6 PUFA and more ω‐3 PUFA, was able to prevent liver disease and reduce systemic inflammation in PN‐fed neonatal piglets. However, this lipid did not increase plasma or brain DHA status, which would be desirable for neonatal developmental outcomes. 相似文献
3.
Akifumi Hagi PhD Mitsuo Nakayama PhD Wataru Shinzaki MD Seiji Haji MD PhD Harumasa Ohyanagi MD PhD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2010,34(3):263-270
Background: This study investigated the effects of parenterally administered fish oil (FO) on the fatty acid composition in rats to determine the optimal ω‐6:ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio of fat emulsions to achieve an anti‐inflammatory effect. Methods: Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were infused a parenteral nutrition (PN) solution containing fat emulsions with different ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA ratios. The fatty acid content of phospholipids in the membranes of splenocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography (experiment 1). In addition, the amounts of leukotriene (LT) B4 and LTB5 released from peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography (experiment 2). Results: In experiment 1, after infusion of the fat emulsion containing FO, the ω‐3 PUFA content in cell membranes rose to 70% of the peak value on day 1 and nearly reached a plateau on day 3. The highest ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to arachidonic acid (AA) was achieved by administrating a PN solution with the smallest ω‐6:ω‐3 PUFA ratio. In experiment 2, a larger amount of LTB5 was released from Ca‐ionophore‐stimulated PMNs taken from rats given a larger quantity of FO. The ratio of LTB5:LTB4 released from PMNs correlated positively with the EPA:AA ratio in the membranous phospholipid and in serum. Conclusions: The ω‐3 PUFAs were readily incorporated into the cell membrane within 3 days of infusion with the fat emulsion. The EPA:AA ratio in membranous phospholipid in PMNs was positively correlated with the LTB5:LTB4 production ratio and was a good indicator of anti‐inflammatory effects. 相似文献
4.
Dietary ω‐6/ω‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios Affect the Homeostasis of Th/Treg Cells in Mice With Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colitis
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Cyoung‐Huei Huang MS Yu‐Chen Hou PhD Man‐Hui Pai MS Chiu‐Li Yeh PhD Sung‐Ling Yeh PhD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2017,41(4):647-656
Background: This study evaluated the effect of different dietary ω‐6/ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on modulating helper T (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis. Methods: There were 3 control and 3 colitis groups. Mice were fed for 24 days with diets with soybean oil (S), a mixture of soybean oil and low fish oil content (LF), or high fish oil content (HF). The ratio of ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA in the LF diet was 4:1, and that in the HF diet was 2:1. The control groups drank distilled water while colitis groups were provided 2% DSS in drinking water during days 15–19. All mice drank distilled water from days 20–24 for recovery and were sacrificed on day 25. Results: Colitis resulted in higher blood Th1, Th2, and Th17 and lower Treg percentages. Also, plasma haptoglobin and proinflammatory chemokines were elevated in colon lavage fluid. Colitic groups with fish oil had lower inflammatory mediators in the plasma and colon lavage fluid. Furthermore, the percentages of blood Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells were lower, whereas Treg cell percentages were higher than those in the soybean oil group. The colitis group with an ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 had more pronounced effects than the group with a ratio of 4:1. Conclusions: Diets with an ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 or 4:1 regulate the Th/Treg balance and attenuate inflammatory mediator production in colitis. Compared with the ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratio of 4:1, the ratio of 2:1 was more effective in reducing inflammatory reactions in DSS‐induced colitis. 相似文献
5.
C. Puiggròs MD J. Sánchez MD P. Chacón MD P. Sabín PhD J. Roselló MD R. Bou PhD M. Planas MD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2009,33(5):501-512
Background: The metabolic effects of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) used in parenteral nutrition (PN) depend on their fatty acid composition. Methods: Subjects in this prospective and randomized double‐blind study were 28 adult patients post digestive surgery. PN was started after surgery and lasts for 5 days. Randomly, patients receive 1 of 4 different ILEs: medium‐chain triglycerides/long‐chain triglycerides (soybean oil; MCT/LCT), olive/soybean oil (oleic), long‐chain triglycerides (soybean oil; LCT), and structured lipid. On days 0 and 6, serum liver function tests were analyzed for cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, and serum fatty acids. Results: No differences were found in the 4 groups according to their gender, age, body mass index, diagnosis, baseline white blood cell, C‐reactive protein, glucose levels, and other study parameters. Differential significant changes were not observed in any of the hepatic function parameters or plasmatic lipid levels between the groups. A significant decrease was observed in cis monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and a significant increase in ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) andω ‐3 PUFA values in LCT and structured groups compared with MCT/LCT and oleic groups, and a tendency for a decrease in trans fatty acids in the oleic and structured groups was found. Conclusions: All ILEs administered were safe and well tolerated. The changes in serum fatty acids reflected the pattern of fatty acids administered with different ILEs. The group receiving the olive oil emulsion achieved a fatty acid composition of serum lipids that could offer major therapeutic or biological advantages. 相似文献
6.
Madsen T Christensen JH Toft E Aardestrup I Lundbye-Christensen S Schmidt EB 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2011,35(1):97-106
Background: Patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) have been reported to have decreased levels of ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in plasma and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ω‐3 PUFAs administered intravenously during HD, as well as the effect of HD treatment, on the fatty acid composition of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), plasma phospholipids, and platelet phospholipids. Methods: Forty‐four HD patients were randomized to groups receiving either a single dose of a lipid emulsion containing 4.1 g of ω‐3 PUFAs or placebo (saline) administered intravenously during HD. Blood was drawn immediately before (baseline) and after (4 hours) HD and before the next HD session (48 hours). Fatty acid composition was measured using gas chromatography. Results: The increase in ω‐3 FFAs was greater in the ω‐3 PUFA group compared with the placebo group, whereas the increase in total FFAs was similar between the 2 groups. In the ω‐3 PUFA group, ω‐3 PUFAs in plasma phospholipids were higher after 48 hours than at baseline, and in platelet phospholipids, ω‐3 PUFAs increased after 4 hours. In the placebo group, no changes were observed in ω‐3 PUFAs in plasma and platelet phospholipids. Conclusions: Intravenous ω‐3 PUFAs administered during HD caused a transient selective increase in ω‐3 FFA concentration. Furthermore, ω‐3 PUFAs were rapidly incorporated into platelets, and the content of ω‐3 PUFAs in plasma phospholipids increased after 48 hours. 相似文献
7.
S. Schenker 《Nutrition Bulletin》2012,37(1):37-46
In 2008, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) reviewed its recommendations on dietary fat and fatty acids in light of the growing evidence base on dietary fatty acids and health outcomes. These new FAO/WHO recommendations are considerably broader than the current UK recommendations, in that the FAO/WHO report makes separate recommendations for adults and children and sets ranges of intake for n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) based, not only on prevention of deficiency, but also on their role in contributing to optimum and long‐term health. The key recommendation of this report is that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) should be limited to 10% of dietary energy intake and, compared with the UK recommendations, there is a stronger emphasis on replacing excess dietary SFAs with PUFAs (both n‐3 and n‐6) because of convincing evidence that this dietary exchange reduces low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease. It may therefore be timely to consider the need for a modification of the UK dietary guidelines on dietary fat and fatty acid intake to take account of the growing evidence base for the potential benefit of replacing SFAs with PUFAs. 相似文献
8.
The health effects of dietary unsaturated fatty acids 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
- 2.1 The chemistry of fatty acids
- 2.2 Digestion, absorption and metabolism
- 2.3 Functions of unsaturated fatty acids
- 3.1 Sources of fat in the diet
- 3.2 Dietary recommendations for fat
- 3.3 Intakes of unsaturated fatty acids
- 3.4 Major contributors to unsaturated fatty acid intake
- 3.5 Trends in intake
- 4.1 Unsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease
- 4.2 Unsaturated fatty acids and diabetes
- 4.3 Unsaturated fatty acids and cancer
- 4.4 Unsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory conditions
- 4.5 Unsaturated fatty acids in fetal and infant development
- 4.6 Unsaturated fatty acids and cognitive function and behaviour
- 4.7 Emerging aspects of unsaturated fatty acids and health
- 5.1 Labelling of unsaturated fatty acids
- 5.2 Are current UK recommendations adequate?
- 5.3 Opportunities to increase intake of long chain n‐3 PUFAs
- 5.4 Implications of optimising intakes of unsaturated fatty acids
9.
Effects of ω‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Homeostasis of CD4+ T Cells and Lung Injury in Mice With Polymicrobial Sepsis
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Yu‐Fan Chang MS Yu‐Chen Hou PhD Man‐Hui Pai MS Sung‐Ling Yeh PhD Jun‐Jen Liu PhD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2017,41(5):805-814
Background: Sepsis is a common cause of death in critically ill patients. An overwhelming inflammatory response and imbalance of helper T (Th) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are thought to be involved in the progression of sepsis. ω‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of ω‐3 PUFAs on the balance of Th subsets, Treg cells, and the inflammatory response in septic mice. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to soybean oil (SO) and fish oil (FO) groups. The 2 groups received an identical nutrient distribution except for the sources of the fat. The SO group was fed soybean oil, while part of the soybean oil was replaced by fish oil in the FO group. The FO group had an ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratio of 2:1. After feeding the diets for 3 weeks, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and mice were sacrificed on days 0, 1, and 3. Results: Compared with the SO group, the FO group had lower inflammatory mediator levels in the plasma and peritoneal lavage fluid after CLP. Also, the FO group had lower Th1, Th2, and Th17 percentages and a higher Th1/Th2 ratio in blood. In lung tissues, neutrophil infiltration was reduced, whereas peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ expression was upregulated. Conclusions: A fish oil diet with an ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 may elicit more balanced Th polarization, alleviate inflammatory responses, and attenuate lung injury in CLP‐induced sepsis. 相似文献
10.
Soybean and Fish Oil Mixture With Different ω‐6/ω‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios Modulates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Changes in Small Intestinal Intraepithelial γδT‐Lymphocyte Expression in Mice
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Man‐Hui Pai MS Jun‐Jen Liu PhD Yu‐Chen Hou PhD Chiu‐Li Yeh PhD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2016,40(3):383-391
Background: This study investigated the effect of different ω‐6/ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced changes to small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) γδT‐cell expression. Methods: Mice were assigned to 3 control and 3 DSS‐treated groups and were maintained on a low‐fat semipurified diet. One of the control (S) groups and a DSS (DS) group were provided with soybean oil; the other 2 control (Hω‐3 and Lω‐3) groups and 2 other DSS (DHω‐3 and DLω‐3) groups were fed either a soybean and fish oil mixture with a ω‐6/ω‐3 ratio of 2:1 or 4:1. After feeding the respective diets for 2 weeks, the DSS groups were given distilled water containing 2% DSS, and the control groups were given distilled water for 5 days. All groups were further provided distilled water 5 days for recovery, and the small intestinal IEL γδT‐cell subset was isolated for analysis. Results: DSS treatment resulted in a lower small intestinal IEL γδT‐cell percentage and higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of Reg IIIγ, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and complement 5a receptor (C5aR) by IEL γδT cells. Fish oil administration enhanced the proportion of small intestinal IEL γδT cells. Compared with the DLω‐3 group, the DHω‐3 group had lower Reg IIIγ, KGF, and C5aR mRNA expressions and higher expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)–γ gene by small intestinal IEL γδT cells. Conclusions: Fish oil diets with a ω‐6/ω‐3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 were more effective than those with a ratio of 4:1 in improving DSS‐induced small intestinal injury, and activation of PPAR‐γ in IEL γδT cells may be associated with resolution of small intestinal inflammation. 相似文献
11.
Reddy BS 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2002,7(3):95-102
Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy in the Western world including the United Sates. In recent years there
is a strong upward trend in colon cancer risk in Japan mainly due to Americanization of Japanese food habits. Several epidemiological
studies point to a strong association between nutrient composition of the diet and cancer of the colon. The role of types
of dietary fat, especially saturated fats of animal origin, n−6- and n−3-rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the etiology
of colorectal cancer has become increasingly apparent. Epidemiological studies indicate a positive association between the
dietary intake of saturated fat and/or animal fat and colon cancer risk and an inverse relationship between the intake of
fish and fish oil rich in n−3 PUFAs and colon cancer development. Although the evidence from case-control studies and international
correlational studies is not totally consistent, these inconsistencies may have arisen, at least in part, from methodological
limitations. Animal, model studies have unequivocally provided evidence that the colon tumor-promoting effect of dietary fat
depends on its fatty acid composition and that high dietary n−3 PUFAs lacks colon tumor-promoting effect, as compared to diets
high in n−6 PUFAs or saturated fats. Diets rich in n−3 PUFAs inhibit colon carcinogenesis through the modulation of colonicras-p21, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities and apoptosis. Gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays
indicates that n−3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid activates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21, p27, p57 and
p19 and inactivates antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of genes, and prostagland in family of genes. These results suggest that decreasing
the intake of n−6 PUFAs and saturated fats and increasing that of n−3 PUFAs, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic
acid has the potential to be a major component of colon cancer control. 相似文献
12.
Turner N Mitchell TW Else PL Hulbert AJ 《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2011,27(6):719-726
Objective
The ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are separate essential dietary fatty acids that play a key role in many physiologic processes in higher animals. The content of these PUFAs is relatively well described for many individual food components. Our goal in this study was to analyze the PUFA content of whole meals and produce a simple measurement to estimate the intake of these fatty acids.Methods
The fatty acid profile and macronutrient composition were determined for a range of fast food, cuisine (restaurant-prepared), and home-prepared whole meals commonly consumed by Australians.Results
Across the different meals there was significant variation in protein (4-fold), fat (13-fold), and carbohydrate (23-fold) contents. With regard to the fatty acid profile, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids made up approximately 80% of total fatty acids for most meals. The ω-6 PUFAs were substantially more abundant than ω-3 PUFAs for most meals. The balance of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs is an important determinant of their metabolic effects within the body, and accordingly we calculated the percentage of the total PUFA comprised of ω-3 PUFAs and referred to this as the PUFA Balance. This parameter showed the greatest variation among the different meals (>45-fold).Conclusion
The relative proportions of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs vary greatly across meals. PUFA Balance is a useful tool that will allow individuals to more easily monitor and balance their intake of ω-3 and ω-6 fats. 相似文献13.
Orton HD Szabo NJ Clare-Salzler M Norris JM 《European journal of clinical nutrition》2008,62(6):733-738
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a dietary validation study in youth aged 1-11 years by comparing dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as assessed by a parent-completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over time to erythrocyte membrane composition of the same fatty acids. DESIGN: The study population included youth aged 1-11 years who were participants in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal study in Denver, Colorado that is following a cohort of youth at risk for developing type I diabetes. Four hundred and four children who had erythrocyte membrane fatty acid data matched to an FFQ corresponding to the same time frame for a total of 917 visits (matches) were included. PUFA intake was expressed both as g/day (adjusted for total energy) and as percent of total fat intake. We used mixed models to test the association and calculate the correlation between the erythrocyte membrane estimates and PUFA intake using all records of data for each youth. RESULTS: Intakes of total omega-3 fatty acids (beta=0.52, P<0.0001, rho=0.23) and marine PUFAs (beta=1.62, P<0.0001, rho=0.42), as a percent of total fat in the diet, were associated with percent of omega-3 and marine PUFAs in the erythrocyte membrane. Intakes of omega-6 PUFAs (beta=0.04, P=0.418, rho=0.05) and arachidonic acid (beta=0.31, P=0.774, rho=0.01) were not associated. CONCLUSIONS: In these young children, an FFQ using parental report provided estimates of average long-term intakes of marine PUFAs that correlated well with their erythrocyte cell membrane fatty acid status. 相似文献
14.
Nutrition Modulation of Cardiotoxicity and Anticancer Efficacy Related to Doxorubicin Chemotherapy by Glutamine and ω‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
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Hongyu Xue MD PhD Wenhua Ren PhD Melanie Denkinger PhD Ewald Schlotzer PhD Paul E. Wischmeyer MD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2016,40(1):52-66
Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) has been one of the most effective antitumor agents against a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity forms the major cumulative dose‐limiting factor. Glutamine and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are putatively cardioprotective during various stresses and/or have potential chemosensitizing effects during cancer chemotherapy. Methods: Antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity of DOX treatment were evaluated simultaneously in a MatBIII mammary adenocarcinoma tumor‐bearing rat model treated with DOX (cumulative dose 12 mg/kg). Single or combined treatment of parenteral glutamine (0.35 g/kg) and ω‐3 PUFAs (0.19 g/kg eicosapentaenoic acid and 0.18 g/kg docosahexaenoic acid) was administered every other day, starting 6 days before chemotherapy initiation until the end of study (day 50). Results: Glutamine alone significantly prevented DOX‐related deterioration of cardiac function, reduced serum cardiac troponin I levels, and diminished cardiac lipid peroxidation while not affecting tumor inhibition kinetics. Single ω‐3 PUFA treatment significantly enhanced antitumor activity of DOX associated with intensified tumoral oxidative stress and enhanced tumoral DOX concentration while not potentiating cardiac dysfunction or increasing cardiac oxidative stress. Intriguingly, providing glutamine and ω‐3 PUFAs together did not consistently confer a greater benefit; conversely, individual benefits on cardiotoxicity and chemosensitization were mostly attenuated or completely lost when combined. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate an interesting differentiality or even dichotomy in the response of tumor and host to single parenteral glutamine and ω‐3 PUFA treatments. The intriguing glutamine × ω‐3 PUFA interaction observed draws into question the common assumption that there are additive benefits of combinations of nutrients that are beneficial on an individual basis. 相似文献
15.
Makay O Kaya T Firat O Sozbilen M Caliskan C Gezer G Uyar M Ersin S 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2011,35(4):488-492
Background: Preoperative and intraoperative nutrition support in patients undergoing major surgery results in decreased incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies investigating the role of ω‐3 fatty acids in these patients are increasing. Some are focused on perfusion at the cellular level. This study was undertaken to address the effect of postoperative administration of ω‐3 fatty acids on cellular hypoperfusion associated with major gastric surgery. Methods: Twenty‐six patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery were randomly assigned to receive parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with a combination of ω‐6 and ω‐3 fatty acids (Omegaven, 0.2 g/kg/d; Lipovenoes 10%, 0.6 g/kg/d) or with ω‐6 fatty acid (Lipovenoes 10%, 0.8 g/kg/d) for 5 days. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, postoperative day 1, and on the last day of PN therapy (day 5). Results: Patients receiving ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acids showed neither lower serum lactate levels nor lower rates of complications compared with patients receiving ω‐6 only. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in other biochemical parameters, complications, or length of hospital stay or mortality. Conclusion: PN with ω‐3 fatty acid supplementation does not have a significant impact on cellular hypoperfusion and lactate clearance after major gastric surgery. 相似文献
16.
Inflammatory bowel diseases are life-long reoccurring inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and have been increasing in incidence in recent decades, notably in the pediatric population. Although genetic predisposition remains an important factor, this increased incidence most likely reflects an environmental change. One potential contributor to this is the change in dietary fat intake, with dietary intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) following a similar temporal pattern to the change in inflammatory bowel disease incidence. Dietary n-6 PUFAs comprise a major, modifiable, environmental factor known to promote a heightened inflammatory response through a number of pathways, including their role as precursors for synthesis of eicosanoids and their inhibitory effect on the synthesis of the n-3 PUFAs eicosapentanoic acid and do-cosahexanoic acid. The increase in n-6PUFA intake affects individuals of all ages, with fetal PUFA accretion and infant dietary PUFA intake from breast milk reflecting maternal dietary intake. A high level of n-6 PUFA in milk results in increased n-6 PUFA in colonicphospholipids and an exaggerated inflammatory response to chemically induced colitis. Conversely, during development, a diet low in n-6 PUFAs and high in n-3 PUFAs increases colonic n-3 fatty acids, attenuates the inflammatory response, and lowers colonic damage. High dietary n-6 PUFA intake may be an important environmental modifier that contributes to inflammatory bowel diseases. 相似文献
17.
Scopesi F Ciangherotti S Lantieri PB Risso D Bertini I Campone F Pedrotti A Bonacci W Serra G 《Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)》2001,20(5):393-397
Maternal dietary fatty acids (FFAs) intake and corresponding human milk composition relationships have been assessed throughout the first month of lactation in 34 lactating women consecutively enrolled. All mothers were on their habitual diet. Food records (95 items) were administered to the mothers, six-times during the first month of lactation (1 day after delivery, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after colostrum appearance) and referred to maternal dietary intake of the day before. Milk collected on day 1 was considered as colostrum, day 4 and 7 samples as transitional milk, and day 14, 21 and 28 samples as mature milk. Five gas chromatographic analyses were performed on each sample. Statistics were made using Friedman's and Pearson's test. Maternal dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were significantly related to the corresponding milk pattern in the phase of transitional milk (P<0.01), while total polyunsaturated (PUFAs) content was significantly related only to the mature milk (P<0.01); in this phase about 42% of the variations occurring in PUFAs milk content can be related to variation of maternal PUFAs dietary intake. The results in the present study provide evidence of the relationships between maternal diet and milk composition. The degree of correlation between maternal diet and PUFAs milk content increases throughout milk maturational process and reaches significance only in mature milk. This would imply that advancing lactation, milk PUFAs provision sources gradually shift from adipose tissue catabolism to maternal diet. 相似文献
18.
P M de Vries H B Folkers C W de Fijter J van der Meulen M Luitingh-van der Veen C Popp-Snijders L P Oe 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》1991,53(2):469-473
Adipose tissue fatty acid composition, serum lipid profile, and dietary intake of 37 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were studied. In August 1982, 1984, and 1986, analyses were carried out in 15 normotriglyceridemic (NTG) and 22 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG; type IV hyperlipidemia) patients. No correlations were found between dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P-S ratio), and carbohydrate content on the one hand and serum lipid concentrations on the other in the two groups. Adipose tissue linolenic acid correlated negatively with serum cholesterol in both groups. Strong correlations were found between dietary intake of PUFAs and adipose tissue linoleic acid content, between PUFAs and the double-bond index, between P-S ratio and adipose tissue linoleic acid content, and between P-S ratio and the double-bond index. No significant differences in dietary intake or adipose tissue fatty acid composition were observed between NTG and HTG patients. Thus, no evidence was found for exogenous dietary influences on serum lipid concentrations. The adipose tissue linoleic acid content did reflect the dietary intake of PUFAs. 相似文献
19.
Aguilera CM Ramirez-Tortosa CL Quiles JL Yago MD Martínez-Burgos MA Martínez-Victoria E Gil A Ramirez-Tortosa MC 《Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)》2005,21(3):363-371
OBJECTIVE: Although the influence of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), lipids, cholesterol levels, and other blood lipids has been established, few studies have examined the influence of these dietary lipids on the composition and histologic damage of organs in situations of hypercholesterolemia. Biliary lipids come from the liver, and this organ is essential in cholesterol homeostasis; thus, it may be helpful to evaluate the inter-relations among biliary, hepatic lipids, and hepatotoxic effects in situations of hypercholesterolemia with different dietary lipids. This study investigated whether administration of diets differing in fatty acid profiles (omega-3 PUFA, omega-6 PUFA, or MUFA) influence the content of biliary lipids, the lithogenic index of gallbladder bile, and the development of hepatic fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were randomized to one of five groups. A control group received rabbit chow for 80 d. The remaining four groups received a 50-d diet that contained 3% lard and 13% cholesterol to provoke hypercholesterolemia. After this period, three groups were fed for another 30 d on a diet enriched with omega-6 PUFAs, MUFAs, and omega-3 PUFAs, respectively. Liver, bile, and plasma lipid compositions, lipid peroxidation in hepatic mitochondria, and histologic hepatic lesions were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was a beneficial effect of MUFA and omega-3 PUFA on hepatic fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits because both dietary fats led to recovery from hepatic lesions. However, because intake of omega-3 PUFA provoked lithogenic bile in rabbits, MUFA intake would be more advisable. 相似文献
20.
ω‐3 Fatty Acids Reduce Chemotherapy‐Induced Hematological Toxicity by Bone Marrow Stimulation in Mice
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Kohei Murakami MD Hiroshi Miyata MD PhD Yasuhiro Miyazaki MD PhD Tomoki Makino MD PhD Tsuyoshi Takahashi MD PhD Yukinori Kurokawa MD PhD Makoto Yamasaki MD PhD Kiyokazu Nakajima MD PhD Shuji Takiguchi MD PhD Masaki Mori MD PhD Yuichiro Doki MD PhD 《JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition》2017,41(5):815-823
Background: ω‐3 Fatty acids exert several benefits during chemotherapy, such as preventing intestinal mucosal damage and improving response to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the effect of ω‐3 fatty acids on chemotherapy‐induced hematological toxicities. Methods: Mice that had consumed either an ω‐3–rich or an ω–3‐poor diet for 2 weeks were intraperitoneally administered cisplatin. The resultant changes in blood cell count, bone marrow cell count, and cytokine levels in bone marrow supernatant were analyzed. The effect of ω‐3 fatty acids on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to cisplatin was also examined. Results: Although peripheral blood cell counts decreased after cisplatin treatment in both groups of mice, the decrease in white blood cell count was significantly lower in mice that consumed the ω‐3–rich diet. The decrease in bone marrow cells after cisplatin treatment was also reduced in mice that consumed the ω‐3–rich diet. Levels of stem cell factor (SCF) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF‐1) were significantly higher in bone marrow supernatants from mice that consumed the ω‐3–rich diet. The rate of apoptosis in PBMCs (after exposure to cisplatin) cultured in medium containing ω‐3 fatty acids was significantly lower than in PBMCs cultured in control medium. Conclusion: ω‐3–Rich diets reduced chemotherapy‐induced leukopenia in mice. This may be the result of increased numbers of bone marrow cells due to higher levels of SCF and FGF‐1 in the bone marrow. 相似文献