经椎弓根植骨和椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经椎弓根植骨和椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的方法和效果。方法 采用经椎弓根植骨椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折24例并与同期同类骨折31例作比较性研究。结果 治疗组24例有1例螺钉松动,松动率4％,无断钉。对照组31例有8例内固定不同程度松动,松动率25％,2例断钉,断钉率6％。治疗组,对照组在前后缘高度的恢复,术前术后Cobb角的纠正,螺钉松动,断钉率等项指标中均存在着显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 经椎弓根椎体植骨成形术重建了椎体高度,增加了脊柱前柱的抗压稳定性,使病人能早期活动,减少内固定物因应力过大造成的断钉、松动、椎体再压缩等并发症。     

Posterior short-segment instrumentation and limited segmental decompression supplemented with vertebroplasty with calcium sulphate and intermediate screws for thoracolumbar burst fractures

Purpose

Thoracolumbar burst fractures treated with short-segment posterior instrumentation without anterior column support is associated with a high incidence of implant failure and correction loss. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results following posterior short-segment instrumentation and limited segmental decompression supplemented with vertebroplasty with calcium sulphate and intermediate screws for patients with severe thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Methods

Twenty-eight patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures of LSC point 7 or more underwent this procedure. The average follow-up was 27.5 months. Demographic data, radiographic parameters, neurologic function, clinical outcomes and treatment-related complications were prospectively evaluated.

Results

Loss of vertebral body height and segmental kyphosis was 55.3 % and 20.2° before surgery, which significantly improved to 12.2 % and 5.4° at the final follow-up, respectively. Loss of kyphosis correction was 2.2°. The preoperative canal encroachment was 49 % that significantly improved to 8.8 %. The preoperative pain and function level showed a mean VAS score of 9.2 and ODI of 89.9 % that improved to 1.4 and 12.9 % at the final follow-up, respectively. No implant failure was observed in this series, and cement leakage occurred in two cases without clinical implications.

Conclusions

Excellent reduction and maintenance of thoracolumbar burst fractures can be achieved with short-segment pedicle instrumentation supplemented with anterior column reconstruction and intermediate screws. The resultant circumferential stabilization combined with a limited segmental decompression resulted in improved neurologic function and satisfactory clinical outcomes, with a low incidence of implant failure and progressive deformity.     

后路短节段椎弓根钉结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的:分析后路短节段椎弓根钉结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2008年3月至2013年3月,采用后路短节段椎弓根钉结合经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折62例,其中男40例,女22例;年龄17~65岁,平均38岁。按AO分型:A3.1型34例,A3.2型7例,A3.3型21例。载荷评分4~6分,平均5.4分。根据ASIA脊髓神经功能损伤分级:C级2例,D级5例,E级55例。术前、术后3 d及末次随访行X线及CT检查,测量并比较Cobb角、椎体前缘相对高度及椎管占位程度,同时观察椎体骨愈合情况及神经功能恢复情况。结果:62例均获随访,时间11~14个月,平均12.2个月。内固定拆除时间9~13个月,平均11.5个月。术后1例切口出现感染,经清创引流后愈合,2例术后出现轻度腰背部疼痛。术后半年ASIA脊髓神经功能损伤分级:C级1例,D级3例,E级58例。末次随访X线及CT显示所有骨折及植骨愈合良好。术后3 d,Cobb角、椎体前缘相对高度、椎管占位程度均较术前有明显改善(P<0.05),末次随访与术后3 d比较Cobb角、椎体前缘相对高度、椎管占位程度无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:后路短节段椎弓根钉结合经椎弓根植骨是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折较理想的方法,能够减少术后复位的丢失和防止内固定失败的发生。     

Treatment of acute thoracolumbar burst fractures with kyphoplasty and short pedicle screw fixation: Transpedicular intracorporeal grafting with calcium phosphate: A prospective study

Background:

In the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the major problem after posterior correction and transpedicular instrumentation is failure to support the anterior spinal column, leading to loss of correction and instrumentation failure with associated complaints. We conducted this prospective study to evaluate the outcome of the treatment of acute thoracolumbar burst fractures by transpedicular balloon kyphoplasty, grafting with calcium phosphate cement and short pedicle screw fixation plus fusion.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-three consecutive patients of thoracolumbar (T₉ to L₄) burst fracture with or without neurologic deficit with an average age of 43 years, were included in this prospective study. Twenty-one from the 23 patients had single burst fracture while the remaining two patients had a burst fracture and additionally an adjacent A1-type fracture. On admission six (26%) out of 23 patients had neurological deficit (five incomplete, one complete). Bilateral transpedicular balloon kyphoplasty with liquid calcium phosphate to reduce segmental kyphosis and restore vertebral body height and short (three vertebrae) pedicle screw instrumentation with posterolateral fusion was performed. Gardner kyphosis angle, anterior and posterior vertebral body height ratio and spinal canal encroachment were calculated pre- to postoperatively.

Results:

All 23 patients were operated within two days after admission and were followed for at least 12 months after index surgery. Operating time and blood loss averaged 45 min and 60 cc respectively. The five patients with incomplete neurological lesions improved by at least one ASIA grade, while no neurological deterioration was observed in any case. The VAS and SF-36 (Role physical and Bodily pain domains) were significantly improved postoperatively. Overall sagittal alignment was improved from an average preoperative 16° to one degree kyphosis at final followup observation. The anterior vertebral body height ratio improved from 0.6 preoperatively to 0.9 (P<0.001) postoperatively, while posterior vertebral body height improved from 0.95 to 1 (P<0.01). Spinal canal encroachment was reduced from an average 32% preoperatively to 20% postoperatively. Cement leakage was observed in four cases (three anterior to vertebral body and one into the disc without sequalae). In the last CT evaluation, there was a continuity between calcium phosphate and cancellous vertebral body bone. Posterolateral radiological fusion was achieved within six months after index operation. There was no instrumentation failure or measurable loss of sagittal curve and vertebral height correction in any group of patients.

Conclusions:

Balloon kyphoplasty with calcium phosphate cement secured with posterior short fixation in the thoracolumbar spine provided excellent immediate reduction of posttraumatic segmental kyphosis and significant spinal canal clearance and restored vertebral body height in the fracture level.     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的回顾性分析探讨后路伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2006-03-2010-03后路手术治疗的82例胸腰椎骨折临床资料,分为2组,其中A组(40例)伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折,B组(42例)跨伤椎用椎弓根螺钉内固定。比较A组和B组后凸Cobb角矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率。结果 A组在术后矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率方面优于B组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论胸腰椎骨折应用伤椎置钉可以增加内固定系统的牢固性,并利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果。     

Segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis

The role of posterior correction and fusion in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis as well as pedicle screw instrumentation in scoliosis surgery are matters of debate. Our hypothesis was that in lumbar and thoracolumbar scoliosis, segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is safe and enables a good frontal and sagittal plane correction with a fusion length comparable to anterior instrumentation. In a prospective clinical trial, 12 consecutive patients with idiopathic thoracolumbar or lumbar scolioses of between 40° and 60° Cobb angle underwent segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. Minimum follow-up was 4 years (range 48– 60 months). Fusion length was defined according to the rules for Zielke instrumentation, normally ranging between the end vertebrae of the major curve. Radiometric analysis included coronal and sagittal plane correction. Additionally, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement was measured by use of postoperative computed tomographic scans. Major curve correction averaged 64.6%, with a loss of correction of 3°. The tilt angle was corrected by 67.0%, the compensatory thoracic curve corrected spontaneously according to the flexibility on the preoperative bending films, and led to a satisfactory frontal balance in all cases. Average fusion length was the same as that of the major curve. Pathological thoracolumbar kyphosis was completely corrected in all but one case. One patient required surgical revision with extension of the fusion to the midthoracic spine due to a painful junctional kyphosis. Eighty-five of 104 screws were graded “within the pedicle”, 10 screws had penetrated laterally, 5 screws bilaterally and 4 screws medially. No neurological complications were noted. In conclusion, despite the limited number of patients, this study shows that segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure in the surgical correction of both frontal and sagittal plane deformity in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis of less than 60°, with a short fusion length, comparable to anterior fusion techniques, and minimal loss of correction. Received: 23 September 1999 Revised: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 26 January 2000     

Posterior pedicle screws combined with shortening and release techniques for lumbar and thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of posterior surgery with wide posterior shortening release and segmental pedicle screws techniques in a consecutive group of patients with thoracolumbar /lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Between April 2002 and July 2005, 114 patients (86 women and 28 men) were enrolled in this study. There were 72 Lenke type 5, 32 Lenke type 6, and 10 Lenke type 3C curves. Radiographic parameters such as coronal plane Cobb angle; lordosis angle; lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) angulation; and the distances from the central sacral vertical line (CSVL) to the LIV, to the apical vertebra and to the C7 plumb line, were analyzed. Complication rates were also recorded during follow‐up. Results: The average coronal correction was from 61° to 13° (78.6%). In the sagittal plane, lumbar lordosis was normalized from 36° with a wide range (23°–67°) to 42° with a normal range (34°–55°). The LIV had 79% correction of coronal angulations. The center sacral line to LIV was improved from 2.3 cm to 0.5 cm, apex to center sacral line from 5.0 cm to 1.6 cm, and CSVL from 2.7 cm to 0.8 cm. A total of 1460 pedicle screws were placed safely, average 9.6 levels (5–14) were fused. The patients were followed up for an average of 30 months (range, 12–50). There was excellent maintenance of correction at final follow‐up. Conclusion: Wide posterior release and segmental pedicle screw instrumentation has excellent radiographic and clinical results with minimal complications.     

Reduce the fractured central endplate in thoracolumbar fractures using percutaneous pedicle screws and instrumentational maneuvers: Technical strategy and radiological outcomes

IntroductionTraumatic thoracolumbar burst fracture is a common condition without a clear consensus on the best treatment approach. Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) techniques are widely used in practice, while its ability to correct fracture deformity is relatively weak, especially for the central area of the endplate. In this study, we reported a novel technique to reduce the fractured central endplate in thoracolumbar burst fractures.MethodsThe new reduction technique uses six percutaneous pedicle screws for the fractured vertebra and its adjacent vertebrae. Pedicle screws implanted in the two adjacent vertebrae were parallel to the superior vertebral endplate, as routinely required. Two monoaxial pedicle screws implanted in the fractured vertebra were placed toward the anteroinferior portion of the fractured vertebral body. After routine instrumentation and ligamentotaxis reduction, the bolt heads of the four screws implanted in the adjacent vertebrae were first tightened, and then the bolt heads of the screws implanted in the fractured vertebra were gradually tighten to elevate the collapsed endplate. A fundamental principle of this technique is to implant the pedicle screw in the fractured vertebra towards the anteroinferior portion of the vertebra in such a way that the angle between the pedicle screw and the rod is oblique on lateral fluoroscopy. As such, when the bolt heads were tightened, the pedicle screws can be swung up to reduce the endplate fragments.ResultsThe novel technique was performed in 24 patients with neurologically intact thoracolumbar AO type A3 fractures. The middle vertebral height ratio was significantly improved from 69.7%±7.6% after routine reduction to 85.1%±4.5% postoperatively (p<0.01). No complication was noticed for this new reduction technique. At 6-month follow-up, no significant correction loss of the middle and posterior vertebral height ratios, Cobb angle, and vertebral wedge angle was observed, while 5.8% of correction loss was observed for the anterior vertebral height ratio.ConclusionThe described reduction technique is simple, safe, and effective in reducing the collapsed central endplate in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Such a practical reduction strategy does not need additional medical costs.     

中华长城椎弓根螺钉系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 介绍中华长城椎弓根螺钉系统(CGWS)在胸腰椎爆裂性骨折治疗中的效果。方法 隙采用中华长城惟弓根螺钉系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折18例。结果 术后及随访期间拍X线片测定Cobb角、椎体成角、上下终板成角、椎体前缘高度与正常高度的比值均明显改善，随访期间测量以上结果与术后相比无明显变化。结论 中华长城椎弓根螺钉系统足一种新型的多功能脊椎三维矫形内固定器械，具有材料优良、矫正效果显著、安装操作方便、固定确切、安全可靠等优点。     

经伤椎内固定椎间椎体内打压植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨后路经伤椎短节段复位内固定联合椎间椎体打压植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法采用经伤椎后路复位短节段内固定、椎间椎体内植骨治疗21例胸腰椎骨折患者。根据术前、术后1周及末次随访时正、侧位X线片评判术后伤椎椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角恢复及内固定失败和骨融合情况。结果患者均获随访,时间12~32个月。未见断钉断棒及内固定松动。伤椎及椎间植骨均获骨性愈合。伤椎椎体前缘高度:术后1周为95.1%±3.2%,末次随访时为93.9%±3.6%,均较术前39.6%±10.3%明显改善(P0.01)。损伤节段后凸Cobb角:术后1周为12.2°±2.9°,末次随访时为12.9°±3.5°,均较术前(33.7°±6.2°)明显恢复(P0.01)。末次随访时与术后1周比较,伤椎椎体前缘高度和Cobb角均无明显变化(P0.05)。结论后路经伤椎短节段内固定联合椎间及伤椎打压植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折,重建了椎间和椎体的稳定性,有助于减少术后内固定失败及矫正丢失。     

智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折

目的:评价智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月收治的22例单节段胸腰段爆裂型骨折患者,其中男12例,女10例,年龄32~56(42.4±8.6)岁。22例患者术前均采用自行研制的智能化充气复位仪体外复位,然后行经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、脊柱后凸畸形角度(Cobb角)及椎体前缘高度对患者手术前后的临床特征进行评价并观察其临床疗效。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间1~2.5年,平均18个月。22例骨折均获得愈合,未出现椎弓根螺钉松动、移位、断裂及脊柱后凸畸形等并发症。术前、术后1周及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为7.82±0.85,3.09±0.92,1.05±0.72;ODI评分为84.2±11.2,46.3±9.0,12.2±4.3;后凸Cobb角为(16.3±5.4)°,(3.7±2.2)°,(5.5±2.6)°;椎体前缘高度为(59.5±7.8)%,(86.9±6.0)%,(83.5±5.5)%。VAS评分和ODI评分在术前、术后1周及末次随访,两两时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。后凸Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度,术后1周、末次随访与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1周和末次随访比较差异无统计学意义。结论:智能化体外充气复位联合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定术具有复位可靠、创伤小、骨折愈合率高和并发症少等优点,是胸腰段爆裂型骨折较好的治疗方案,值得临床推广应用。     

Kyphosis recurrence after posterior short-segment fixation in thoracolumbar burst fractures

OBJECT: Recurrent kyphosis has been commonly seen after posterior short-segment pedicle instrumentation for a thoracolumbar fracture, but studies on this issue are relatively scarce, and the clinical significance of recurrent deformity is uncertain. No study has addressed the associations between the reduction of a burst fracture vertebra and the final recurrent kyphosis after implant removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the recurrent kyphosis after short-segment pedicle screw fixation in thoracolumbar burst fractures and to evaluate the effect of the degree of a vertebral reduction on the recurrent kyphotic deformity after implant removal. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients who had undergone posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12-L2) were investigated retrospectively. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years (mean 2.7 years). Pain status was evaluated using the Denis pain scale. Changes in the anterior vertebral height ratio, vertebral wedge angle, upper intervertebral angle, lower intervertebral angle, Cobb angle, regional angle, and sagittal index were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, before implant removal, and at final follow-up. The correlation between the reduction of a fractured vertebra and the recurrent kyphotic deformity was also analyzed. RESULTS: After the initial surgical correction, the reduced vertebral body (VB) height (anterior vertebral height ratio and vertebral wedge angle) remained stable until final follow-up, whereas the intervertebral disc space (the upper and lower intervertebral angles) collapsed, resulting in a progressive kyphotic deformity (Cobb angle, regional angle, and sagittal index). No significant correlation was found between the final kyphosis and pain scale, but the 8 patients with a sagittal index > 15 degrees showed a higher incidence of moderate to severe pain (P3-5 on the Denis pain scale) compared with the remaining 19 patients with a sagittal index < 15 degrees . Significant positive correlation was found between recurrent kyphosis and vertebral wedge angle (r = 0.850, p < 0.001) and the reduced vertebral height (r = -0.727, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Given that the correction loss occurs primarily through disc space collapse, the amount of the final kyphotic deformity was predictable by the degree of the fractured vertebral reduction as seen on the lateral x-ray study. Surgeons who perform posterior reduction and fixation procedures should pay more attention to reducing the fractured vertebral wedge angle to its intact condition, rather than the segmental angular parameters. If the wedge angle of the fractured VB is unacceptable after reduction, additional reconstruction of the anterior column may be necessary.     

Low lumbar burst fractures: comparison between conservative and surgical treatments.

Twenty-two low lumbar burst fractures (L3-L5) were treated, with an average follow up of 56.2 and 39.0 months in the conservative and surgically treated groups, respectively. Twenty patients were available for review; seven were treated conservatively and 13 were stabilized surgically. All patients were evaluated clinically for work status, activity level, residual pain, and subsequent development of neurologic symptoms. Roentgenograms were reviewed for severity of initial fracture, canal compromise, and maintenance of initial correction. In general, neurologically intact patients in both groups returned to similar postinjury employment levels. Persistent back pain was found to be more disabling in the surgically treated group, in which a fusion incorporating four or five lumbar segments was performed. There was no evidence of significant loss of initial reduction, and no patients experienced late neurological compromise in the surgical group. An average follow-up kyphosis of 9.2 degrees and 31% loss of vertebral height were observed in the conservative group, while a follow-up lordosis of 1 degree and 19% loss of vertebral height were observed in the surgical group. Conservative treatment of low lumbar burst fracture is a viable option in neurologically intact patients, but loss of lordosis and vertebral height may persist. Biomechanical and anatomic characteristics of the low lumbar spine differ from the thoracolumbar region and may account for the inherent stability of these injuries. If surgery is chosen, a long fusion with distraction instrumentation should be avoided in the low lumbar spine. A short rigid fixation with pedicular instrumentation may be of greater benefit.     

More than 5-Year Follow-up Results of Two-Level and Three-Level Posterior Fixations of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures with Load-Sharing Scores of Seven and Eight Points

Background

The development of pedicle screw-based posterior spinal instrumentation is recognized as one of the major surgical treatment methods for thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, the appropriate level in posterior segment instrumentation is still a point of debate. To assesses the long-term results of two-level and three-level posterior fixations of thoracolumbar burst fractures that have load-sharing scores of 7 and 8 points.

Methods

From January 1998 to May 2009, we retrospectively analyzed clinical and radiologic outcomes of 45 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures of 7 and 8 points in load-sharing classification who were operated on using two-level posterior fixation (one segment above and one segment below: 28 patients, group I) or three-level posterior fixation (two segments above and one segment below: 17 patients, group II). Clinical results included the grade of the fracture using the Frankel classification, and the visual analog score was used to evaluate pain before surgery, immediately after surgery, and during follow-up period. We also evaluated pain and work status at the final follow-up using the Denis pain scale.

Results

In all cases, non-union or loosening of implants was not observed. There were two screw breakages in two-level posterior fixation group, but bony union was obtained at the final follow-up. There were no significant differences in loss of anterior vertebral body height, correction loss, or change in adjacent discs. Also, in clinical evaluation, there was no significant difference in the neurological deficit of any patient during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

In our study, two-level posterior fixation could be used successfully in selected cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures of 7 and 8 points in the load-sharing classification.     

Treatment of unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar spine injuries using Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation

STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, the results of treating unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar injuries with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation were investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pain and work status of the patients, to evaluate neurologic status, and to assess the efficacy of instrumentation in the short term. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Short-segment pedicle screw construct is the method of choice for reduction and stabilization of unstable thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Many investigators have recently reported a high rate of instrument failure. In this study, the use of segmental transpedicular fixation two levels above the kyphosis decreased instrument failure and sagittal collapse. METHODS: Thirty patients, who had unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar spinal injuries, underwent application from a posterior approach of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation two levels above and one below at the thoracolumbar junction and short segment fixation in the lumbar area. Radiologic parameters were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 31 months (range, 25-49) months. There were statistically significant differences between the pre- and postoperative values in all radiologic parameters. Neurologic status improved in 70% of the patients, with a mean Frankel grade of 1.3 grades. CONCLUSIONS: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation provided spinal stability in unstable injuries, forming a rigid construct and restoring physiologic thoracolumbar and lumbar postural contours because of its highly corrective effect in the sagittal profile with no loss of correction.     

Loss of correction after dorsal stabilization of burst fractures of the thoracolumbar junction. The role of transpedicular spongiosa plasty

Short segment pedicle instrumentation for thoracolumbar burst fracture is known to fail due to lack of anterior support. Additional transpedicular grafting and dorsolateral fusion were offered to prevent its failure. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical and radiological outcome in two identical groups of patients treated with short segment pedicle instrumentation and posterolateral fusion with and without inter- and intracorporal transpedicular bone grafting. The clinical and radiological results of two identical groups of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures were analysed. 15 patients (2 f, 13 m), mean age 35 years, were treated with bisegmental fixation with the fixateur interne and unisegmental fusion. Further 15 patients (3 f, 12 m), mean age 34 years, obtained additional intra- and intercorporal bone grafting. The implants were removed 15 resp. 13 months post surgery. Latest clinical and radiological follow-up was at 61/24 months. The clinical results were identical in both groups. Radiological measurements showed a significant loss of correction for all three measured angles (vertebral kyphosis, unisegmental kyphosis and bisegmental kyphosis) in both groups. However, patients with transpedicular bone grafting showed less loss of bony, vertebral kyphosis. Neither dorsolateral fusion nor dorsolateral fusion with transpedicular bone grafting could prevent loss of angular corrections.     

Posterior pedicle screw fixation with supplemental laminar hook fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures

Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with posterior short-segment pedicle fixation usually provides excellent initial correction of kyphotic deformity, but a significant amount of correction can be lost afterwards. This study evaluates the clinical relevance of the short-segment pedicle fixation supplemented by laminar hooks (2HS-1SH) construct in the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Twenty-five patients with a single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture were assessed in this retrospective study. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year (mean 2.9 [standard deviation {SD}] 1.5 y). Preoperative vertebral height loss and local kyphosis were 35% (SD 14%) and 19° (SD 9°), respectively. Mean corrections of vertebral height and kyphosis were 10% (SD 16%) and 12° (SD 9°), respectively. Mean loss of correction at last follow-up was 2% (SD 6%) and 4° (SD 3°) for vertebral height and kyphosis, respectively. Loss of correction was significant for local kyphosis (p < 0.001) but not for vertebral height (p = 0.20). Despite the significant loss of correction for local kyphosis, it remained improved at latest follow-up when compared with the preoperative value (p < 0.001). For patients with more than 2 years of follow-up, most of the loss of correction in local kyphosis occurred during the first postoperative year. There was no evidence of instrumentation failure or pseudarthrosis in any patient. The 2HS-1SH construct provides significant correction of vertebral body height and local kyphosis. It also preserves the initial correction and minimizes the risk of instrumentation failure.     

后路经伤椎单节段与双节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折疗效比较

目的比较后路经伤椎单节段与双节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折的临床疗效。方法将70例胸腰段骨折患者根据固定方式不同分为单节段组(采用后路经伤椎单节段固定,33例)和双节段组(采用经伤椎双节段固定,37例)。比较两组患者手术时间、出血量(术中失血量+术后引流量)、住院天数、围手术期并发症、术后24个月ODI、术后伤椎高度矫正率、术后24个月伤椎高度矫正丢失率、术后Cobb角矫正率及术后24个月Cobb角矫正丢失率。结果患者均获得随访,时间24个月。两组患者住院天数、术后并发症发生率、术后伤椎高度矫正率、术后Cobb角矫正率、术后24个月ODI等比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后24个月伤椎高度矫正丢失率、术后24个月Cobb角矫正丢失率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路经伤椎单节段与双节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折均能获得满意的临床疗效,单节段固定手术时间及出血量较少,双节段固定够有效恢复并维持椎体高度、减少术后后凸畸形矫正丢失。     

短节段融合对退变性腰椎侧凸邻近节段椎间角的影响

目的 研究退变性腰椎侧凸短节段融合后邻近节段椎间角的变化特点.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年5月28例退变性腰椎侧凸患者的临床资料.其中男性6例,女性22例;平均年龄62岁;侧凸范围3～6个椎节,平均4.8个椎节.采用后方椎板切除减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定、后外侧植骨融合术;融合范围限制在侧凸范围内,平均融合3.3个椎节.术前、术后即刻及随访时拍摄站立腰椎正侧位X线片,测量冠状面侧凸Cobb角、近端融合椎上方邻近节段正位及侧位椎间角,并观察植骨融合及并发症发生情况.结果 患者均获随访,随访时间25～97个月,平均50个月.术后即刻侧凸Cobb角平均矫形率33.7%,末次随访时矫形丢失平均3.7°,术前及末次随访侧凸Cobb角与术后即刻比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时正位椎间角与术前、术后即刻相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时均未发现明显假关节形成及内植物相关并发症.结论 退变性腰椎侧凸短节段融合后对近端融合椎上方邻近节段正位椎间角的矫正有限,且不能阻止其进一步加重.     

经肌间隙入路单节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床研究

目的:比较经椎旁肌肌间隙入路单节段椎弓根钉固定术与椎旁肌剥离双节段椎弓根钉固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法:2008年9月至2010年1月,65例符合纳入标准的胸腰椎非完全压缩性或爆裂性单侧终板损伤患者根据随机原则分组,30例采用经肌间隙入路椎弓根钉单节段固定术治疗(治疗组),35例行椎旁肌剥离入路椎弓根钉双节段固定术治疗(对照组),术后10～12个月均取出内固定。观察围手术期的手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量,末次随访时神经功能ASIA等级改变,术后5d及末次随访时腰背疼痛Denis分级情况,影像学测量X线侧位片上矢状位指数与椎体前缘高度压缩率,并进行比较分析。结果:所有患者均获得随访,时间14～22个月,平均18.3个月。均未发生术后感染、继发性脊髓神经损伤。对照组1例术后11个月内固定断裂,其余患者均无内固定松动发生。手术时间两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中出血量和术后引流量治疗组均明显少于对照组(P<0.01),神经功能术后均恢复良好,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腰背疼痛Denis分级比较,治疗组比对照组疼痛缓解较快,后遗腰背疼痛轻(P<0.01)。椎体前缘高度压缩率、矢状位指数观察,两组术后均能明显矫正后凸角和椎体前缘压缩,但随访时均有丢失(P<0.01)。术前椎体压缩程度和术后矫正度两组差异无统计学意义,且随访两组后凸角矫形丢失差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组随访时尽管有椎体前缘高度矫正丢失,但丢失度低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在严格掌握手术适应证的前提下,采用经肌间隙入路单节段椎弓根钉固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折,能有效恢复椎体高度和纠正后凸角度,减少固定节段,与传统椎旁肌剥离双节段固定术相比,明显减少了手术创伤与出血,减轻了腰背疼痛。