附加锁定加压钢板固定联合植骨治疗股骨转子下无菌性骨不连的疗效分析

目的:探讨附加锁定加压钢板联合植骨治疗股骨转子下无菌性骨不连的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年10月期间上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科收治的32例股骨转子下骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连患者资料。男25例,女7例;年龄为27~68岁,平均50.5岁;骨不连时间为9~24个月,平均12.2个月。骨不连...     

附加钢板联合断端清理去皮质化植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉术后无菌性骨不连

目的探讨附加钢板联合断端清理去皮质化植骨治疗髓内钉术后无菌性骨不连的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年8月期间山东大学齐鲁医院急诊外科收治的40例股骨干骨折髓内钉治疗后无菌性骨不连的患者资料。所有患者均采用骨折断端清理、去皮质化、取自体髂骨植骨及附加单皮质锁定钢板治疗。术后随访观察切口愈合、疼痛、关节功能及骨折愈合情况等指标。结果所有患者术后均获得随访,平均随访时间为15(12~18)个月。治疗效果优良率100%(优37例,良3例)。所有患者下地负重行走时主观疼痛症状消失,患肢功能恢复良好,均无切口感染和内固定物疲劳断裂发生。所有患者疼痛视觉模拟评分由术前(6.0±1.1)分降至术后末次随访时(2.0±1.3)分(P<0.05)。末次随访时患者均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间8.5(5.5~14.5)个月。经X线或CT证实,均未发现螺钉及钢板松动断裂及感染等并发症。结论附加钢板联合断端清理去皮质化植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连疗效确切、可靠,是一种有效的治疗股骨干无菌性骨不连的手术方式。     

附加锁定加压钢板联合植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连

目的：探讨附加锁定加压钢板联合植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连的手术方法及临床疗效.方法：2007年1月至2013年1月,收治股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连患者21例,其中男18例,女3例;年龄23 ～64岁,平均37.7岁;骨不连时间9～62个月,平均（23.9±15.6）个月;根据Weber-Cech分型：肥大性骨不连10例,萎缩性骨不连7例,营养不良性骨不连4例.均不取髓内钉,断端切新、取自体骼骨植骨,附加6～8孔锁定加压钢板,近端及远端各拧入2～3枚单皮质锁钉固定.术后根据影像学结果部分负重直至完全负重,定期门诊随访进行临床及影像学评估.结果：21例患者均获得随访,时间8～24个月,平均（13.5±3.5）个月.所有患者获骨性愈合,临床愈合时间4～8个月,平均（6.0±1.0）个月;影像学愈合时间7～12个月,平均（9.1±1.5）个月.术后无感染,内固定松动、断裂等并发症发生.结论：附加锁定加压钢板联合植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连的疗效满意,是一种简便、有效的方法.     

锁定加压钢板单骨皮质固定治疗长骨骨折髓内钉术后骨不连

目的 探讨应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)单骨皮质固定治疗长骨骨折交锁髓内钉同定术后骨不连的方法及疗效.方法 2004年7月至2007年3月,对8例股骨或胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉固定术后确诊为骨不连的患者,不取髓内钉,应用LCP穿透一侧骨皮质同定、断端切新并取自体骼骨植骨治疗,病程12.28个月,平均19.8个月.术后7 d开始部分负重,6个月后完全负重.结果 8例患者术后获8～20个月(平均14个月)随访.骨折断端术后6个月出现明显骨痂,8～16个月牢同连接,平均愈合时间12.6个月,无置入物松动等并发症发生.结论 对于交锁髓内钉固定后骨不连时间较长的患者,采用LCP穿单侧骨皮质固定、断端切新并取自体髂骨植骨治疗,具有方法简便、损伤小、花费少、疗效确实等优点.     

钢板系统治疗髓内固定失败的股骨无菌性骨不连疗效观察

目的探讨保留髓内钉添加锁定钢板治疗股骨骨折髓内钉固定失败术后无菌性骨不连的疗效。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年1月新疆自治区人民医院骨科中心收治的因髓内钉固定失败而造成的股骨无菌性骨不连的患者18例,其中男性10例,女性8例;年龄35~75岁,平均（49±5）岁;骨不连时间6~34个月,平均（17.6±2.3）个月。所有病例均采用保留原髓内钉添加锁定钢板固定联合自体髂骨骨移植术进行治疗,观察患者术后下地活动时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症等。 结果18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~20个月,平均（12.0±1.4）个月。骨不连均愈合,愈合时间5~14个月,平均（8.3±1.6）个月。1例出现切口表面感染,经治疗后痊愈;患者术后VAS评分由（6.0±1.3）分降至（2.0±1.4）分,差异有统计学意义（t=7.312,P<0.05）,术前及末次随访Johner-wruch评分优良率差异有统计学意义（χ²=28.000,P<0.05）。所有患者无畸形愈合。 结论锁定钢板联合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连疗效确切、可靠,可用于股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后的无菌性骨不连。     

Role of locking plates in treatment of difficult ununited fractures: a clinical study

Objective:To present our experience in treatment of difficult ununited long bone fractures with locking plate.Methods:Retrospective evaluation of locking plate fixation in 10 difficult nonunions of lon...     

Reamed interlocking intramedullary nailing for the treatment of tibial diaphyseal fractures and aseptic nonunions. Can we expect an optimum result?

The need for reaming and the number of locking screws to be used in intramedullary (IM) tibial nailing of acute fractures as well as routine bone grafting of tibial aseptic nonunions have not been clearly defined. We describe the results of reamed interlocked IM nails in 233 patients with 247 tibial fractures (190 closed, 27 open and 30 nonunions). Ninety-six percent of the fractures were united at review after an average of 4.9 years. No correlation was found between union and nail diameter (P = 0.501) or the number of locking screws used (P = 0.287). Nail dynamization was effective in 82% of fractures. Locking screw(s) breakage was associated with nonunion in 25% of cases. Bone grafting during IM nailing was found not to increase the healing rate in tibial nonunions (P = 0.623). None of the IM nails were removed or revised due to infection. A dropped hallux and postoperative compartment syndrome were found in 0.8 and 1.6% of cases, respectively. Anterior knee pain was reported in 42% of patients but nail removal did not alleviate the symptoms in almost half. This series confirms the place of reamed intramedullary nailing for the vast majority of tibial diaphyseal fractures. It provides an optimum outcome and minimizes the need for supplementary bone grafting in aseptic nonunions.     

The diaphyseal aseptic tibial nonunions after failed previous treatment options managed with the reamed intramedullary locking nail

BackgroundThe nonunion of open and closed tibial shaft fractures continues to be a common complication of fractures. Tibial nonunions constitute the majority of long bone nonunions seen by orthopaedic surgeons. In this article, we present our approach to the surgical treatment of noninfected tibial shaft nonunions.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2014, 33 patients with aseptic diaphyseal tibial nonunion was treated by reamed intramedullary nailing and were retrospectively reviewed. The initial fracture management consisted of external fixation (27 patients), plate fixation (2 patients) and cast treatment (4 patients). All patients, preoperatively, were evaluated for the signs of the infection, by the same protocol. There were 13 hypertrophic, 16 oligotrophic (atrophic) and 4 defect nonunions registered in our material. The primary goal was to perform a closed intramedullary nailing on antegrade manner. An open procedure was only unavoidable when implants had to be removed or an osteotomy had to be performed to improve the alignment. Functional rehabilitation was encouraged with the assistance of a physiotherapist early postoperative. Patients were examined regularly during followed-up for a minimum of 12 months period for clinical and radiological signs of union, infection, malunion, malalignment, limb shortening, and implant failure.ResultsThe time that elapsed from injury to intramedullary nailing ranged from 9 months to 48 months (mean 17 months).Open intramedullary nailing was unavoidable in 25 cases (75,75%), while closed nailing was performed in 8 patients (24,25%). Osteotomy or resection of the fibula was performed in 78,8% of the cases. All patients were followed up in average period of 2 years postoperative (range 1–4 years), and 31(93,9%) patients achieved a solid union within the first 8 months. Mean union time was 5±0.8 months. Complications included 2 (6,06%) patients, one with deep infection and another case with absence of bone healing. Anatomical alignment has been achieved in the majority of patients, 28 patients (84,8%). The additionally autogenous bone chips were added in 4 patients (12,1%) where cortical defect was greater than 50% of the bone circumference.ConclusionIn conclusion, a reamed intramedullary nail provides optimal conditions for stable fixation, good rotational control, adequate alignment, early weight-bearing and a high union rate of tibial non-unions. Reaming of the medullary canal with preservation of periosteal sleeve create the "breeding ground" for sound healing of tibial shaft nonunions. Additionally cancellous bone grafting is recommended only in the case of defect nonunion.     

Diaphysäre Humeruspseudarthrosen

The development of humerus nonunion is dependent on the type of fracture, the extent of soft tissue stripping during surgery, the stability of the osteosynthesis, and multiple patient-dependent factors. Treatment should focus on nonunion pathogenesis. The gold standard for the treatment of oligotrophic, atrophic and infected nonunions is radical resection of the nonunion tissue, bone grafting and plate fixation, preferentially using locking plates. Reaming bone graft and stabilization with intramedullary (i.m.) nailing is utilized in hypertrophic nonunion. Since 1993, we have followed-up 51 patients after surgical treatment for humeral shaft nonunion. In eight of 35 cases (22.8%) treated with i.m. nailing, bone healing was not achieved, whereas in all 14 cases of nonunion treated with plate osteosynthesis bone healing occurred. Evaluation of failure in healing humeral shaft nonunion using the i.m. nailing technique revealed that the i.m. nail specifically designed to treat humeral shaft fractures showed several biomechanical and biological deficits for the treatment of nonunions. The major reason for failure in bone healing was a lack of bone grafting that is essential for osteoinduction in oligotrophic nonunions, loosening of locking screws, and unstable small implants.     

锁定钢板治疗髓内固定失败致无菌性骨不连

目的 评价锁定钢板治疗因髓内钉固定失败而造成的无菌性骨不连的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2006年12月,因髓内钉固定失败而造成的四肢长骨无菌性骨小连患者38例,男26例,女12例;年龄9-70岁,平均39.2岁;骨不连时间6-84个月,平均16.2个月.按骨不连骨折端形态Judet分类法分型:肥大型9例,营养不良型10例,萎缩型19例,其中15例形成假关节.骨不连的部位:股骨20例,胫骨15例,肱骨3例,其中21例(占55.3%)位于长骨干骺端附近.该组病例均采用锁定钢板固定以及联合骨移植进行治疗.结果 患者均获得随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均11.6个月.骨不连均愈合,愈合时间4～8个月,平均5.3个月.3例(7.9%)出现切口表面感染,经治疗后均痊愈;1例(2.6%)切口延迟愈合;1例(2.6%)出现肢体短缩约2 cm.无一例发生骨折畸形愈合.末次随访时关节活动度较术前显著改善,其中30例(78.9%)功能优良,7例(18.4%)可,1例(2.6%)差.结论 对于髓内钉固定失败而造成的无菌性骨不连,采用锁定钢板进行固定是一种疗效确切的治疗方法,尤其是针对干骺端附近的骨不连.锁定钢板联合骨移植治疗能提供可靠的固定稳定性和骨诱导、骨传导作用.     

髓外固定辅助双植骨治疗股骨转子下骨折髓内固定术后骨不连

目的探讨髓外固定股骨近端接骨板(PFP)及锁定加压接骨板(LCP)辅助双植骨头钉孔道内松质骨、异体骨混合打压植骨及骨不连断端结构植骨治疗股骨转子下骨折髓内固定术后骨不连的手术技巧和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2018年12月期间西安交通大学附属红会医院创伤骨科下肢病区收治且完整随访的21例股骨转子下骨折髓内固定术后骨不连患者资料。男15例,女6例;平均年龄为52.3岁(27~65岁)。骨不连类型:萎缩型18例,缺血型3例。患者骨不连手术与骨折初次手术的时间间隔平均为10.3个月(9~13个月),骨折手术均采用髓内固定(PFNA):闭合复位10例,切开复位11例(其中钢丝捆扎8例)。骨不连均采用髓外固定(PFP+LCP)辅助双植骨(头钉孔道内松质骨、异体骨混合打压植骨+骨不连断端结构植骨)治疗。术后12个月采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能。结果21例患者术后获平均11.4个月(10~12个月)随访。所有患者术后骨不连均获愈合,平均愈合时间为5.2个月(4~6个月)。1例患者术后出现皮下血肿,再次行清创术。术后12个月Harris髋关节评分平均为85.7分(84~92分)。结论PFP接骨板能够有效纠正内翻畸形并坚强固定,LCP接骨板+皮质骨结构植骨能够提供内侧力学支撑,松质骨+异体骨混合打压植骨能够有效增加头钉孔道内骨量,增加近端螺钉的把持力。该方法可以极大地提高骨折愈合率,减少并发症的发生,且能获得较好的髋关节功能。     

Augmentative locking compression plate fixation for the management of long bone nonunion after intramedullary nailing

Objective

Intramedullary nailing is widely used in the treatment of long bone fractures. But some patients suffer from nonunion after receiving intramedullary nailing. This paper investigates the methods and effects of locking compression plate (LCP) in the treatment of long bone nonunion after intramedullary nailing.

Methods

A total of 6 patients (4 males, 2 females) with long bone nonunion were enrolled. All these patients had previously undergone intramedullary nailing for fractures of long bones (4 femurs, 2 tibiae). The average time from injury to LCP treatment was 12.2?months. The locking compression plate was applied over the intramedullary nail, and unicortical purchase achieved with locking head screws due to underlying nails. Autologous bone grafting was done in all cases.

Results

Six patients were followed up for 12–20?months (mean 14.2?months). X-ray imaging showed bone callus at the broken ends of the fracture at 3–7 (mean 4.5)?months after surgery. All patients did not have any complications such as infection, breaking or loosening of the LCPs.

Conclusion

LCP can be used for the treatment of long bone nonunion after intramedullary nailing for its convenience, minimal invasion and curative effect.     

更换髓内钉与保留髓内钉附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连

 目的 探讨更换髓内钉与保留髓内钉附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的手术适应证。方法 1998年 4月至 2009年 6月收治髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连患者 20例,11例更换髓内钉,9例保留髓内钉附加钢板固定。两组患者性别、年龄、合并伤、骨折部位、骨折类型的差异无统计学意义。通过术后 1、2、3、4、6、12个月及以后每年 1次影像学和临床功能随访,观察骨痂生长情况和患肢功能。结果两组随访时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流血量、住院时间、影像学愈合时间、临床愈合时间和美国矫形外科医师学会下肢功能评分均无统计学差异。更换髓内钉组住院费用多于保留髓内钉附加钢板组(t'=16.4,P=0.013)。更换髓内钉组 4例未获得骨性愈合,其中 2例为股骨下 1/3骨折,1例为狭部 B型骨折,1例为 32-A3型骨折。再次手术,其中 3例采用髂骨植骨保留髓内钉附加钢板固定,1例行动力化。保留髓内钉附加钢板组全部获得骨性愈合。两组愈合率的差异有统计学意义(χ²= 6.01,P=0.008)。结论 更换髓内钉只适用于股骨狭部肥大性骨不连。对干骺端骨不连、伴有大蝶形游离骨块、骨缺损及更换髓内钉失败病例可采用保留髓内钉附加钢板固定。     

Treatment of nonunions of humeral fractures with inter-locking intramedullary nailing

Objective： To introduce the experience of treating nonunions of humeral fractures with interlocking intramedullary nailing.
Methods： Twelve patients with humeral nonunions were treated with interlocking intramedullary nailing. The time interval between trauma and surgery was 10.5 months on average. Open reduction with anterograde approach was performed. Axial compression was specially applied to the fracture site with humeral nail holder after insertion of distal locked screws. Iliac bone grafting was added.
Results： The average follow-up period was 21 months （ranging 9-51 months）. All patients achieved osseous union 5.8 months after treatment on average. Eleven patients hadgood functions of the shoulder joints and the upper extremities. No patient experienced any permanent neurological deficit. Refracture of the original ununited region occurred in one patient after removal of the internal fixator one year later, but union was achieved after closed re-intramedullary nailing fixation.
Conclusion： Humeral interlocking intramedullary nailing is an effective alternative treatment for humeral nonunion.     

Effect of reaming bone grafting on treating femoral shaft aseptic nonunion after plating

Rigid intramdullary nailing with cancellous bone grafting provided by intramedullary reaming was prospectively used to treat femoral shaft aseptic nonunions after plating. Indications for this technique were a femoral shaft nonunion with an inserted plate, no previous infection sign in the treatment course, less than 1.5 cm shortening, and no segmental bony defects. After the plate was removed, a flexible guidewire was inserted antegradely. The local wound was closed, and intramedullary reaming was done as widely as possible until some resistance to it occurred. Finally, a rigid intramedullary nail was inserted. Twenty-four consecutive patients were treated with this regimen, and 21 were followed-up for at least 1 year (range 1–5 years). All 21 nonunions healed with a union rate of 100% (21/21). The time to union was 4.5 ± 1.0 months. There were no significant complications. We conclude that for indicated cases, reaming bone grafting is a very effective technique and avoided donor site morbidity. Therefore, whenever possible, this technique could be considered first. Received: 2 October 1998     

Treatment of femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunions using reamed intramedullary nailing without bone graft

INTRODUCTION: Intramedullary nailing has long been used successfully in the treatment of aseptic nonunions of the femur and tibia. However, recently the efficacy of reamed intramedullary nailing in the treatment of nonunions of the femur has been questioned by some publications reporting unfavourable results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment results of femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunions with intramedullary nailing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed thirty-two patients with femoral or tibial diaphyseal nonunions who were treated with reamed intramedullary nailing between May 2002 and April 2006. Fixation status at the time of treatment were nail in twenty-eight patients (12 femurs, 16 tibiae), plate in three cases (2 femurs, 1 tibia), no implant in one femur. We used a dynamically locked, reamed intramedullary nailing. Only in bone defects greater than 50% of the cortical diameter and more than 2 cm in length was open bone grafting performed. RESULTS: Solid union was achieved in 93% (fourteen of fifteen) of femoral nonunions and 94% (sixteen of seventeen) of tibial nonunions. CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol with a dynamically locked, reamed nailing with the use of an oval hole and no open bone grafting for a defect less than 50% of the diameter and immediate weight bearing was successful in the treatment of femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunions.     

附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连

目的:探讨附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的安全性和有效性。方法:自1998年4月至2008年6月,应用附加钢板治疗9例髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连,男8例,女1例;年龄21～54岁,平均32岁。1例为股骨上1/3,5例为股骨中1/3,3例为股骨下1/3。采用4～6孔钛合金限制接触性窄动力接骨板,4～6枚皮质骨螺钉固定。6例骨不连间隙大于5mm,4例采用单纯髂骨植骨,2例固骼生和髂骨混合植骨。3例小于5mm,1例植入固骼生,2例将修整的骨痂重新植入。术后保护性负重防止主钉断裂失效,逐渐恢复术前活动水平,术后1、3、6、12个月临床与影像学随诊。结果:6例取髂骨植骨或固骼生混合植骨患者,手术时间60～120min,出血量100～300ml;另3例单纯植入固骼生或骨痂植入患者,手术时间40～100min,出血量60～100ml。供骨区疼痛4例,3例1个月内缓解,1例3个月后缓解,无感染、钢板螺钉松动、断裂等。平均愈合时间8个月,5例术后6～11个月取出髓内钉和钢板。结论:附加钢板有效改善局部旋转不稳定,是治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的有效方法之一。     

锁定钢板内固定治疗四肢骨不连的临床研究

目的 评价锁定钢板内固定治疗四肢长骨骨不连的临床疗效.方法 对2003年2月至2006年10月应用锁定钢板内固定治疗61例骨不连患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究.其中男性44例,女性17例;年龄7～70岁,平均38岁.其中5例肱骨骨不连,33例股骨骨不连,23例胫骨骨不连.骨不连的原因包括内固定失效47例,外固定失败5例,感染9例.骨不连病程为10～156个月,平均19个月.42例使用LCP钢板内固定,19例使用LISS钢板内固定.55例采用自体髂骨植骨,3例在自体植骨的同时结合同种异体松质骨移植,3例采用同种异体松质骨结合人工骨移植.手术前、后根据膝关节协会评分系统(KSS)评分对47例膝关节周围骨不连患者的关节功能进行评估,85～100分为优,70～84分为良,60～69分为一般,＜60分为差.术前优29例,良8例,一般4例,差6例.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均12个月;骨折均在4～6个月内牢固连接,平均愈合时间4.8个月,无内植物松动、断裂等并发症.术后膝关节KSS评分,优35例,良7例,一般1例,差4例.结论 锁定钢板内固定结合植骨术是治疗四肢长骨骨不连的有效方法.     

股骨、胫骨骨折交锁髓内钉固定后骨不连的诊治

目的探讨股骨、胫骨骨折应用交锁髓内钉固定后骨不连的诊断及应用微创内固定系统(LISS)或锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗其骨不连的临床疗效。方法2003年2月～2004年12月,对7例股骨和胫骨骨折患者髓内钉固定后应用X线或CT扫描观察骨不连情况,并应用LISS或LCP固定 植骨治疗,病程10～49个月,平均23.3个月。结果7例患者获4～16个月(平均9.1个月)随访;骨折均在术后4～6个月牢固连接,平均愈合时间4.7个月,无植入物松动等并发症发生。结论对骨折端较长时间存在骨折线、且骨折局部伴有疼痛症状者要果断进行手术干预,消除骨折端的微动和消灭骨缺损。LISS或LCP因其先进的锁定设计,可有效治疗股骨和胫骨骨不连。     

Exchange reamed nailing for aseptic nonunion of the tibia

BACKGROUND: Exchange reamed nailing of the tibia is a common procedure in the treatment of an aseptic tibial nonunion. However, reports in the literature supporting this technique are limited. METHODS: Forty patients with a tibial nonunion after initial unreamed intramedullary nailing were retrospectively assessed after an exchange reamed nailing. The main outcome measurements included radiographic and clinical union as well as time from exchange reamed nailing to union. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients achieved union of their fracture (95%). The average time from exchange nailing to union was 29 +/- 21 weeks. Complications included one deep vein thrombosis (2.5%) and two hardware failures (5%). CONCLUSION: Exchange reamed nailing for nonunions of the tibia results in a high union rate and is associated with a low complication rate. This technique is recommended as a standard procedure for aseptic tibial nonunions after initial unreamed intramedullary nailing.