胰腺转移性肾细胞癌的手术治疗（附3例报告）

目的 探讨手术治疗胰腺转移性肾细胞癌（PMRCC）的价值。方法 回顾性分析2010年10月至2018年4月福建医科大学附属协和医院3例手术PMRCC病人的临床资料,包括一般资料、临床表现、辅助检查、手术情况、术后随访情况等。结果 3例PMRCC,2例肿瘤为多发,1例肿瘤为单发。3例病人均无临床症状,原发肿瘤均为肾透明细胞癌,胰腺转移距肾癌手术时间间隔为3～15年,平均7年。2例行腹腔镜胰体尾+脾切除术,1例行全胰十二指肠切除术。3例均无胰瘘,2例术后并发腹腔感染。术后病理学检查结果均为胰腺转移性透明细胞癌。1例病人胰腺术后生存时间为22个月,另2例分别随访15个月及39个月仍无瘤生存。结论 PMRCC总体预后较好,手术治疗适用于孤立性PMRCC,尤其是胰体尾病例。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗肾透明细胞癌肾上腺转移瘤:附5例报告

目的总结透明细胞癌肾上腺转移瘤的临床特点及诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2012年4月~2016年1月5例后腹腔镜手术治疗透明细胞癌肾上腺转移瘤的临床资料。男4例,女1例。年龄60~76岁,(65.8±6.6)岁。1例体检同时发现右肾占位及左肾上腺区占位,4例因肾透明细胞癌行根治性肾切除术后22~130个月复查影像学发现肾上腺区占位。否认头痛、心悸、高血压、低血钾等临床表现。泌尿系增强CT示肿瘤直径1.6~5 cm,(3.4±1.3)cm。术前均未发现其他远处转移。结果 5例后腹腔镜肾上腺转移瘤切除术均顺利完成。手术时间66~261 min,(146.4±71.1)min。1例术中出血900 ml,输注悬浮红细胞400 ml;4例出血15~300 ml,中位数20 ml。术后留置引流管2~6 d,(4.0±1.6)d。术后住院3~8 d,(6.0±1.9)d。5例术后均采用索拉菲尼靶向治疗。5例随访时间21~44个月,中位数32个月。2例分别于术后32个月(例1)、30个月(例3)肿瘤特异性死亡,无瘤生存1例(例2),带瘤生存2例(例4、5)。远处转移2例,为肺转移1例(例1),肺转移合并纵隔淋巴结转移1例(例5)。结论肾透明细胞癌肾上腺转移瘤临床上较为罕见。对根治性肾切除术后出现的孤立性转移瘤以及肾癌同时伴发孤立性转移、体能状态良好的患者可选择后腹腔镜下肾上腺肿物切除术。术后建议辅助靶向治疗。     

肾透明细胞癌胆囊转移2例报告并文献复习

目的提高对肾透明细胞癌胆囊转移的认识,探讨其临床及病理特点。方法报告2例经本院收治的肾透明细胞癌胆囊转移患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床特征以及影像学表现。2例均为男性,年龄分别为56岁及61岁。患者均无特征性临床表现。其中1例患者行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术后6个月复查B超发现胆囊腔内肿物增大,遂在全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。另1例发现肾脏及胆囊病变后同期在全麻下行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术及胆囊切除术。检索Pubmed和CBM数据库,对该疾病相关文献进行复习。结果2例术后病理诊断为肾透明细胞癌胆囊转移。术后随访3个月及25个月未见肿瘤复发。结论肾透明细胞癌胆囊转移临床罕见,对于肾癌患者或既往有肾癌病史的患者,应该关注其胆囊上存在的病变性质,PET／CT对诊断该病有一定帮助,同时比较原发灶和转移灶二者病理的异同能更准确地进行病理诊断。     

肾透明细胞癌精囊转移一例报告

转移性精囊癌临床少见,肾透明细胞癌转移至精囊腺的病例在临床中更加罕见,在临床工作中难以与膀胱、前列腺和直肠肿瘤相鉴别。2017年11月潍坊市人民医院收治1例肾透明细胞癌转移至左侧精囊腺患者,应用腹腔镜技术切除精囊转移肿瘤。术后规律行膀胱灌注及口服舒尼替尼治疗,随访19个月,精囊及周围组织未见肿瘤复发。     

Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌与肾透明细胞癌差异性分析

目的:从临床、影像、病理特点三方面比较Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌(Xp11.2易位性肾癌)与肾透明细胞癌的差异性。方法:收集我院2010年1月~2015年12月经手术治疗的肾癌患者411例,经病理证实Xp11.2易位性肾癌有12例,肾透明细胞癌有302例,就两组肾癌在临床、影像、病理特点进行分析。结果:Xp11.2易位性肾癌45岁以下(83.3%)常见,发病年龄略低[Xp11.2易位性肾癌患者平均年龄(33.1±18.4)岁,肾透明细胞癌患者平均年龄(63.1±11.2)岁],女性高发(66.7%),肉眼血尿首诊占58.3%,查体首诊占16.7%。肾透明细胞癌男性高发(66.6%),查体首诊占55.9%,肉眼血尿首诊占19.5%。CT:Xp11.2易位性肾癌平扫密度稍增高,易出现点状钙化和不均质改变。增强扫描肿瘤动脉期、静脉期和延迟期CT值分别为(83.4±40.1)HU、(95.8±39.1)HU和(80.4±30.1)HU。肾透明细胞癌平扫等密度或混杂密度,极少出现钙化,增强扫描肿瘤动脉期、静脉期和延迟期CT值分别为(133.4±37.1)HU、(102.8±19.1)HU和(87.4±29.1)HU。MRI扫描:Xp11.2易位性肾癌T1WI病灶等信号,T2WI低信号,肾透明细胞癌T1WI病灶等或高信号,T2WI为不均匀混杂信号,增强扫描均呈渐进式延迟强化。病理特点:Xp11.2易位性肾癌全部表达TFE3核蛋白,FISH检测可确诊,肾透明细胞癌不表达TFE3,FISH阴性。两组肾癌患者术后随访12~72个月,中位随访时间(59.7±10.6)个月。Xp11.2易位性肾癌术后发生转移者4例(33.3%),肾透明细胞癌患者23例(7.6%)。结论:Xp11.2易位性肾癌多见于伴有肉眼血尿的年轻女性,增强CT表现为少进-慢出式强化,肾透明细胞癌中老年男性高发,多为查体发现,增强CT表现为快进-快出式强化,MRI对两组肾癌的鉴别意义不大,最终诊断依据FISH检测。     

肾透明细胞癌组织中B7-H3的表达及意义

目的 评价B7-H3在肾透明细胞癌组织中的表达及其与预后的关系.方法 采用免疫组化方法 检测154例肾透明细胞癌患者肿瘤标本中B7-H3的表达,分析其与患者临床病理因素以及术后生存时间之间的关系.结果 154例患者中,B7-H3阳性28例(18.18%),其中无瘤生存6例,复发7例,死亡15例,至最后随访日期,总生存期(OS)为(19.71±20.32)个月;B7-H3阴性126例(81.82%),其中无瘤生存119例,复发3例,死亡4例,OS为(33.47±18.32)个月,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).单因素分析表明,B7-H3阳性表达患者在肿瘤大小、原发肿瘤分期、区域淋巴结转移、远处转移、临床分期等方面较阴性表达患者有明显差异,B7-H3阳性表达患者术后生存时间较阴性表达患者明显缩短.结论 B7-H3的表达可能与肾透明细胞癌的转移和进展有关,可以作为肾透明细胞癌的一个独立预后因素.     

成人肾恶性横纹肌样瘤6例分析

目的:探讨成人恶性肾横纹肌样瘤的临床表现、病理特点和诊治方法。方法:对6例成人恶性肾横纹肌样瘤进行临床分析及文献复习,从临床表现、病理特点和诊治方法等方面进行总结。临床表现为腰痛2例,无痛全程肉眼血尿2例,查体发现2例;B超、CT及IVU等影像学检查均提示肾脏占位性病变,直径2.8～20.4cm。CT发现肿瘤内有坏死液化及不均匀强化影像。4例经腰行根治性肾切除术,1例经腹行左肾根治性切除术,1例经胸腹联合行左肾根治性切除术。结果:6例术后病理报告均为肾恶性横纹肌样瘤,其中1例并发透明细胞癌。术后均给予生物免疫治疗。1例术后2个月发现肺转移,1年后死于肿瘤肺转移;1例术后出现肺部感染,1年后死于心肺功能衰竭;3例术后半年无瘤生存,现在随访中;1例失访。结论:成人肾恶性横纹肌样瘤罕见,临床表现无特征性,CT表现为肿瘤内部坏死液化,轻度强化而且强化不均匀,最终确诊依赖于病理组织学、免疫组织化学和电镜检查结果。治疗方法包括开放手术或腹腔镜手术,并且辅助术后化疗或生物免疫治疗。     

Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌与肾透明细胞癌的螺旋CT诊断鉴别

目的评价螺旋CT扫描在Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌和肾透明细胞癌的诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实为Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌和肾透明细胞癌的24例患者的螺旋CT资料。其中Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌和肾透明细胞癌各12例。结果 Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌组和肾透明细胞癌组的平均CT值增强量（即增强扫描动脉相肿瘤最大横截面平均CT值-平扫相上肿瘤最大横截面平均CT值）分别为（31.75±14.73）Hu和（88.30±31.91）Hu,Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合性肾癌的CT增强幅度明显小于肾透明细胞癌（P〈0.01）。结论观察病灶的CT值,可以帮助医师初步确定术前肿瘤的病理亚型。     

肾嫌色细胞癌29例临床分析

目的探讨肾嫌色细胞癌的临床特点,提高其临床诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2012年4月期间收治的29例肾嫌色细胞癌患者的临床资料,包括临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方法、病理分期和随访等。结果 29例患者均缺乏典型的临床症状,术前影像学检查亦未发现特异性表现。16例行根治性肾切除术,其余13例行保留肾单位手术,病理分期:pT1N0M027例,pT2N0M02例。29例患者均获得随访,随访13~72个月,平均(35.0±7.2)个月,29例均无瘤生存。结论肾嫌色细胞癌是肾细胞癌的一个独立类型,CT和B超检查缺乏特异性表现,主要通过病理学进行诊断,但CT表现与常见的肾透明细胞癌有所不同,手术切除是治疗肾嫌色细胞癌的首选方法,其预后较好。     

肾透明细胞癌发生膀胱转移1例报告并文献复习

本文报道1例肾透明细胞癌发生膀胱转移的临床病理资料。患者女,71岁,于2011年7月29日因"右肾癌合并肺转移瘤"就诊,2011年8月3日行开放经腹腔右肾切除术,术后辅助靶向治疗。2016年4月28日发现左侧孤立肾肾癌,合并膀胱转移,肺、骨转移。2016年5月10日行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。术后病理符合肾透明细胞癌转移至膀胱。2016年5月17日行腹腔镜下左侧孤立肾肾部分切除术。术后病理提示左肾高级别透明细胞癌,伴肾门淋巴结转移。术后第2日急性肾小管坏死,予血液透析治疗。术后随访2个月。血肌酐289μmol/L。双肾区及膀胱未见肿瘤复发。     

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??Research for 3 cases on the clinical characteristics of pancreatic metastasis tumor from renal clear cells ZHANG Lei, JI Yuan, LOU Wen-hui, et al. Pancreatic Tumor Group, Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200032, China Corresponding author: JIN Da-yong, E-mail: dyjin524@yahoo.com.cn Abstract Objective Analyze and research on the clinical feathers of pancreatic metastases of renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods Collect 3 cases which were diagnosed as pancreatic metastases of renal clear cell carcinoma by pathology from January 1st, 2003 to May 31st, 2009, retrospectively analyze the clinical manifestations, physical signs, B-ultrasound and CT findings, postoperative pathology as well as the survival time after operation of pancreatic metastases of renal clear cell carcinoma. Results (1) B-ultrasound shows masses with low density, and they are difficult to distinguish from pancreatic cancer.; According to CT arterial phase, pancreatic metastases of renal clear cell carcinoma can be showed as enhanced lesions which are difficult to distinguish from neuroendocrine tumors. (2) According to the general pathology after operation, they are showed as masses with clear boundary, sallow section, accompanied with grey and red necrotic region; Cells under microscopes show numerous with transparent color (cytoplasm), and cells align like a sheet. (3) One sample patient died 11 months after the operation, and others were alive with our research until May 2009 with survival time of 21 months and 2 months respectively, and they are still alive with our research. Conclusion The follows are the common clinical Feathers of pancreatic carcinoma metastasis in renal clear cells : B-ultrasound shows masses with low density; CT arterial phase shows masses as enhanced lesions; Preoperative diagnosis basically is on the ground of medical history and CT manifestation. It’s still difficult to confirm the survival time after radical excision, People can normally survive for a long time if there’s no further metastasis happened.     

Pancreatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

The pancreas is an uncommon site of metastases from renal cell carcinoma; however in the literature late pancreatic metastases are described. In this report a 74 years-old asymptomatic man was referred for evaluation of a mass in the distal portion of the pancreas, found on CT 4 years after right nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma. A distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed and histopathological analysis revealed to be a metastases from renal cell carcinoma. A postoperative pancreatic fistula was treated in a conservative way. The patient is alive and doing well 3 years after pancreatic surgery. This clinical report suggests that late pancreatic metastases are rare but not impossible and should be taken into consideration during a careful long-term follow-up for renal carcinoma. In addition, as it is also desumed by the Literature on survival, pancreatic metastases should be treated when possible with radical resection.     

肾腺瘤的临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨肾腺瘤的临床、病理特点,提高对肾腺瘤的诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析5例肾腺瘤患者临床病理资料,结合文献对本病临床病理特点及诊断治疗方式进行讨论。男2例,女3例。年龄16～66岁。肿瘤位于左侧2例、右侧3例,肾上极1例、肾中极1例、肾下极3例。肿瘤直径0.8～6.0 cm。临床表现仅1例有肉眼血尿,余4例为体检发现。5例行B超、IVU、CT,2例行MRI,1例行肾血管造影。IVU仅3例提示占位性病变,B超、CT均误诊为肾癌或错构瘤,MRI、血管造影仅提示为良性肿瘤。结果行肾癌根治性切除术2例,保留肾单位手术3例;术后病理均诊断为肾腺瘤。其中3例镜下胞质内有大片红染嗜酸性颗粒诊断为嗜酸细胞腺瘤;1例镜下可见乳头状囊腺样结构诊断为乳头状腺瘤;1例镜下有大量肾小球样结构、钙化小体、沙砾体形成,诊断为后肾腺瘤。5例术后B超、CT随访6个月～7年,未出现复发和转移,保留肾单位者患侧肾功能良好。结论肾腺瘤分为乳头状/管乳头状腺瘤、嗜酸细胞腺瘤、后肾腺瘤3种类型,常无临床症状和体征,影像学特征多不典型,术前难以定性。临床上需提高认识,综合分析B超、CT、MRI等影像学表现进行诊断。保留肾单位手术为首选治疗方法,预后较好,但应密切随访。     

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??Surgical treatment of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma : A report of 3 cases LIN Xian-chao, HUANG He-guang, CHEN Yan-chang, et al.Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
Corresponding author: HUANG He-guang, E-mail: heguanghuang2@163.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the value of surgery in the management of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma??PMRCC??.Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with PMRCC who underwent pancreatectomy in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between October 2010 and April 2018 were reviewed??including general information??accessary examination??perioperative data and follow-up status. Results Of the 3 patients??2 patients had multiple lesions of the pancreas and the other one had a single lesion of pancreas. All of the 3 cases were asymptomatic. Primary cancer was renal clear cell cancer in all of them and the mean time from resection of the primary tumor to pancreatic metastases was 7 years ??range 3-15 years??. Two patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and 1 underwent total pancreatectomy. Intra-abdominal infection was observed in 2 patients after pancreatic surgery and no pancreatic fistula occurred.Postoperative pathological diagnosis was metastatic renal cell carcinoma in all of the 3 patients. One patient died at 22 months after the pancreatic surgery and the other 2 patients were disease free with a follow-up of 15 and 39 months respectively. Conclusion The prognosis of PMRCC is good. Surgical treatment is suitable for isolated PMRCC, especially for the metastases in the body and tail of pancreas.     

Neoadjuvant Temsirolimus Effectiveness in Downstaging Advanced Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

A 35-year-old woman presented with a 12-cm right renal mass with retroperitoneal lymph node involvement and pulmonary and bone metastases. Renal mass biopsy revealed an unclassified high-grade non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with eosinophilic cells. Due to the extent of the disease, neoadjuvant temsirolimus was initiated. After 6 wk of treatment, a significant downstaging of the disease and complete disappearance of the metastases were noticed on computed tomography scan. Three months later, a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy was performed. Final pathology confirmed a high-grade non–clear cell RCC, with necrotic changes on lymph node specimens, pT1bN0Mx.     

Management of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma report of five cases

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma are rare. In most cases metastases occur many years after nephrectomy. Solitary pancreatic metastases of renal cell cancer can be the only manifestation of tumor dissemination. Between 1995 and 2005 five patients after nephrectomy due to renal cell cancer were suspected of having malignant pancreatic tumor and underwent an operation. The histology revealed metastases of renal cancer. The intervals from primary renal tumor resection to recognition of metastases in the pancreas varied from 6-17 years. The prognosis of metastatic invasion to the pancreas is better than that of primary pancreatic carcinoma. Radical resection of the tumor is the treatment of choice for isolated solitary late metastases of renal cell cancer in the pancreas.     

Intrathyroidal metastases of a nephroepithelioma. Reflections on 5 operated cases

Out of 3,340 thyroidectomies (237 for cancer), the authors report 5 cases of thyroid metastases due to clear cell renal cancer. They emphasize the slow development of these metastases. Two cases were operated on 11 years after nephrectomy and one after 27 years. In one case, an intrathyroid metastasis led to the discovery of renal carcinoma. In 3 cases, evolution was rapidly fatal (within the first year). One patient is still alive 6 years after thyroidectomy. The authors emphasize clinical grounds for diagnosis and expose pathology findings that favor longer survival when there is early removal of intrathyroid metastases.     

Small renal cell carcinoma with pancreas metastasis: a case report

A 53-year-old-man was treated in the Department of Surgery for a pancreatic tumor because asymptomatic, nodular masses, 4 cm-in diameter were discovered in the tail of the pancreas on computed tomography (CT). The pancreatic masses were metastases of renal cell carcinoma on pathological examination. Contrast-enhanced CT and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed a small, 1.3 cmdiameter mass in the right kidney. The size of the renal tumor was small, but it appeared to have high malignancy because of spread to the pancreas. We chose radical nephrectomy in consideration of intrarenal spread of carcinoma. The resected specimen was diagnosed pathologically as clear cell carcinoma, G2＞ G1, pT1apN0M0, exp, INFα, v (-), ly (-). At follow-up one year after surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence.