2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率与血小板活化及大血管病变的关系

目的：观察2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率与血小板活化和颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系。方法：选择48例2型糖尿病患者，用免疫比浊法测定其尿白蛋白排泄率（AER），采用流式细胞仪，以荧光素标记单克隆抗体技术测定血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白（CD62P）、血小板溶酶体膜糖蛋白（CD63）表达率，同时应用高频超声测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）。取20例健康者为对照组，进行对比分析。结果：CD62P、CD63在2型糖尿病患者的表达率均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），在2型糖尿病AER升高组的表达率明显高于AER正常组（P〈0．01）。2型糖尿病AER升高组颈动脉IMT，与对照组比较明显升高（P〈0．01），亦明显高于2型糖尿病AER正常组（P〈0．01）。结论：2型糖尿病患者血小板活化增强，血小板活化程度与糖尿病肾病有密切关系。2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率增加不仅是糖尿病肾病的表现，也是大血管病变的危险因素.     

血浆活化蛋白C与2型糖尿病肾病患者动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的：探讨活化蛋白C（APC）与2型糖尿病肾病（DKD）患者动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：ELISA方法检测41例2型糖尿病肾病患者和27位对照组志愿者的血浆APC水平,颈动脉超声测量颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）作为全身动脉粥样硬化的衡量指标。结果：与对照组相比,2型糖尿病肾病患者的血浆APC水平显著性降低[（10389.0±1801.9）vs（6693.3±1790.5）ng/ml,P〈0.001]。单因素相关分析显示,2型糖尿病肾病非透析患者的颈动脉IMT与血浆APC水平（r=-0.511,P〈0.01）负相关。多元逐步线性回归分析显示APC是平均颈动脉IMT的显著性相关因素（β=-0.492,P〈0.01）,且24h尿白蛋白排泄率（β=-0.719,P〈0.05）、血红蛋白（β=0.522,P〈0.05）是血浆APC水平的显著性相关因素。结论：APC的减少可能与2型糖尿病肾病患者的动脉粥样硬化相关,并可能在其动脉粥样硬化的病理过程中发挥作用。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清淀粉样蛋白A水平

目的：探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者的血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）水平。方法：2型糖尿病患者144例,依据尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）结果分为单纯糖尿病组（SDM组）：UAER〈30mg/24h;糖尿病肾病组（DN组）：UAER≥30mg/24h。DN组依据肾小球滤过率（GFR）水平分为两组,DN早中期组（EDN组）：GFR〉30ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2;DN中晚期非透析组（LDN组）：GFR≤30ml·min^-1·1.73m^-2。同时入选正常对照组（NC组）30例。测定血清SAA水平,进行多因素分析。结果：DN组SAA水平较SDM组显著升高（P〈0.05）;SDM组SAA水平较NC组显著升高（P〈0.05）;LDN组SAA水平较NC组、SDM组、EDN组显著升高（均P〈0.01）。SAA水平与尿白蛋白、腰臀比呈正相关。结论：2型糖尿病肾病患者血清SAA水平明显升高,并与DN严重程度密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者不同蛋白尿期肾小球滤过率的变化及影响因素

目的 研究2型糖尿病（DM）患者不同蛋白尿期的肾小球滤过率并探讨其影响因素。 方法 根据尿白蛋白量（24 h）把630例2型糖尿病住院患者分成正常白蛋白尿组（A组）、微量白蛋白尿组（B组）及大量白蛋白尿组（C组），用放射性核素(99m Tc-DTPA)肾动态显像测定肾小球滤过率(GFR), 同时测定其体质量指数、血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、肾功能、血脂及尿白蛋白量（24 h）。 结果 （1）A组GFR值平均为（99.8±26.3） ml/min；B组为（96.1±31.2） ml/min；C组为（69.7±29.8） ml/min。C组的GFR显著低于A组和B组（P < 0.01）。（2）3组患者的GFR均与年龄呈负相关（A组r = -0.533，B组r = -0.612，C组r = -0.412，均P < 0.01）。（3）有高血压史者的GFR平均值均低于同组无高血压史者（P均< 0.05）。（4）控制年龄后的偏相关分析结果显示，在B组及C组，GFR与尿白蛋白量（24 h）呈负相关（r = -0.283 及-0.240，均P < 0.05）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示，尿白蛋白量（24 h）是影响异常蛋白尿组患者GFR的主要因素。 结论 放射性核素肾动态显像法测定GFR，同时联合尿白蛋白量检测，能更全面准确地评估糖尿病肾病的进展。应积极控制蛋白尿，尤其在微量白蛋白尿期。     

能量多普勒超声定量评价IgA肾病肾脏功能

目的研究超声能量多普勒（PDS）定量评价IgA肾病肾内血流的价值,分析其与肾小球滤过率（GFR）的关系。方法收集患者54例,采集肾脏彩色能量图。使用Matlab软件分析能量图,得到肾实质内的血管指数（VI）。比较不同分级的VI离散系数,分析VI的一致性、重复性。收集IgA肾病患者121例进行PDS检查,分析VI与GFR的相关性;根据GFR将患者分成3期,分析各期VI值之间的差异,使用ROC分析计算VI临界值。结果 3级分法的变异系数最小（0.28）;一致性（Kappa=0.94）和可重复性（Kappa=0.96）均很好。VI与GFR相关性较高（r=0.68,P〈0.01）。各期VI差异均有统计学意义（F=41.68,P〈0.001）,每两期VI之间的差异亦均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。ROC分析示：当GFR≤90ml/（min·1.73m^2）时,曲线下面积为0.73,临界值为VI=2.85（敏感度0.75,特异度0.65）;当GFR≤60ml/（min·1.73m^2）时,曲线下面积为0.86,临界值为VI=2.49（敏感度0.89,特异度0.73）。结论 IgA肾病肾脏VI值与GFR相关性较高。PDS可以监测IgA肾病的肾脏功能。     

血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C在慢性肾脏病肾功能中的应用

目的以放射性核素99Tcm-DTPA清除率测定的肾小球滤过率为标准,比较血清胱抑素C和肌酐评价GFR的准确性和特异性。方法以99Tcm-DTPA清除率法测定38例慢性肾脏病患者GFR,并同时测定Scr浓度和Cys-C浓度。运用ROC分析曲线分析SCysC和Scr评价GFR的准确性、敏感性和特异性。结果 38例慢性肾脏病患者SCys-C浓度为（1.67±0.25）mg/L,Scr浓度为（198.77±98.01）μmol/L,GFR为（50.55±35.62）mL/（min.1.73m2）。SCys-C与Scr、GFR呈明显负相关,相关系数分别为-0.74和-0.6（1P〈0.05）;分别以GFR〈90mL（/min.1.73m2）、GFR〈60mL（/min.1.73m2）和GFR〈30mL/（min.1.73m2）为界点,Cys-C的Roc曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.822、0.857、0.920;Scr的Roc曲线下面积分别为0.775、0.801和0.922。结论在慢性肾病患者中与Scr比较,Cys-C是评价GFR的一个良好内源性指标,且能更好地反映GFR的早期改变。     

初诊女性狼疮性肾炎患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率及相关因素分析

目的：研究初诊女性狼疮性肾炎（1upus nephritis,LN）患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率及其影响因素。方法：以35例女性健康者为对照组（A组）,68例女性初诊LN患者按B超所测颈总动脉（CCA）内中膜厚度（IMT）,分成两组,即B组（无颈动脉粥样硬化LN35例）、C组（颈动脉粥样硬化LN33例）,用SPSS13．0进行三组间资料的比较分析。结果：女性初诊LN中颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率高达48．53％,而在正常女性健康者中未发现有颈动脉粥样硬化;这些患者的CCA—IMT值与肾小球滤过率（CFR）呈负相关（P〈0．01）,与24h尿蛋白总量（UTP）和血尿酸（UA）呈正相关（P〈0．01和P〈0.05）;A、B、C三组,CCA—IMT值呈渐进性增高,各组间均有统计学意义。结论：初诊女性LN患者已出现颈动脉粥样硬化,GFR、UTP、UA是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,应积极干预危险因素,防治冠心病。     

高血压病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与静息心率的关系

目的探讨高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）与静息心率（RHR）的相关性。方法入选的高血压病患者92例，按RHR水平分为三组，RHR1组：〈70次／min（26例），RHR2组：70次／min≤RHR〈80次／rain（34例），RHR3组：RHR≥80次／min（32例）。对入选患者询问病史及体格检查并做以下检查：心电图、颈动脉超声、血脂、血糖等生化指标。结果（1）三组患者在年龄、病程方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．01）。（2）随着RHR的增加，IMT也逐渐增厚，各组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。RHR2组和RHR3组的IMT、颈动脉内径（CAD）均高于RHR1组（P〈0．01）。（3）RHR与IMT、颈动脉内径呈正相关（r分别为0．432、0．389，P〈0．01）。（4）血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯随着RHR的增加有升高趋势，与RHR呈正相关，其r值分别为0．659、0．479和0．266，P均〈0．01。结论高血压患者随着静息心率的增加，发生颈动脉内膜中层厚度增加的机会也在增加，静息心率水平升高是颈动脉内膜中层增厚的危险因素。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清胎球蛋白A水平与血管钙化的关系

目的：研究糖尿病肾病患者血清胎球蛋白A水平与血管钙化的关系,探讨糖尿病肾病血管钙化发生的相关因素。方法：收集我院116例糖尿病肾病患者的临床资料,检测血清胎球蛋白A水平及对患者进行颈总动脉B超检查。28例体检健康者为对照组。结果：糖尿病无蛋白尿患者胎球蛋白A水平与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,糖尿病肾病Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期患者血清胎球蛋白A水平较对照组降低（P〈0.05）,合并血管钙化的糖尿病肾病患者胎球蛋白A水平明显低于非钙化组（P〈0.01）。相关性分析显示血清胎球蛋白A水平与血白蛋白水平（r=0.47,P〈0.05）呈正相关,与血清磷（r=-0.32,P〈0.01）、钙磷乘积（r=-0.45、P〈0.01）、C反应蛋白（r=-0.43、P〈0.01）呈负相关。结论：合并颈总动脉钙化的糖尿病肾病患者血清胎球蛋白A水平明显降低,低胎球蛋白A水平可能参与糖尿病肾病患者血管钙化的发生发展。     

三种肾小球滤过率评估方程对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值比较

目的 比较由血清胱抑素C（CysC）计算所得的肾小球滤过率（CysC-GFR）、Cockcroft-Gault公式（CG）-GFR和简化MDRD-GFR对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。 方法 选取2008年1月至2009年4月我院内分泌科的2型糖尿病（DM）患者为对象。所有患者均进行99mTc-DTPA 清除率检查,并完成血CysC、Scr、血糖、血脂、肝功能、肾功能、糖化血红蛋白、血细胞分析、尿微量白蛋白排泄率、眼底检查及身高、体质量、血压等相关检查。排除以下患者：年龄>75岁,肝肾功异常,持续血尿,肝硬化,充血性心力衰竭,前列腺疾病,营养不良及感染。按照尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）将患者分为正常白蛋白尿组（87例）、微量白蛋白尿组（34例）和大量白蛋白尿组（12例）。计算相应CG-GFR、MDRD-GFR及CysC-GFR。 结果 最终入选患者133例（男性 74例,女性 59例）,平均年龄（58.1±12.3）岁。以99mTc-DTPA 肾动态显像测定的GFR为金标准,分别以90 ml&#8226;min-1&#8226;（1.73 m2）-1和75 ml&#8226;min-1&#8226;（1.73 m2）-1为分割点时,CysC-GFR的诊断准确率为89%和92%,明显高于CG-GFR（79%～86%,P = 0.004,0.04）和MDRD-GFR（80%～86%,P = 0.02,0.04）;分割点在60 ml &#8226;min-1&#8226;（1.73 m2）-1时,CysC-GFR、CG-GFR和MDRD-GFR诊断的准确率分别为92%、90%和92%,差异无统计学意义。视网膜病变、HbA1c、CysC、糖尿病病程和CysC-GFR是微量白蛋白尿的主要危险因素。 结论 CysC-GFR可以敏感准确地反映早期糖尿病肾病GFR的下降,与CG-GFR和MDRD-GFR比较,此法快速简便,对早期糖尿病肾病患者GFR的评估有独特的优势,值得在临床推广应用。     

Folate, vitamin B12, and sulfur amino acid levels in patients with renal failure

We examined the plasma profile of sulfur amino acids (SAA) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and looked for any correlation with serum folate (FA) and/or vitamin B₁₂. Group 1 comprised 9 patients with CRF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >20 ml/min per 1.73 m², 9 patients with GFR<20 ml/min per 1.73 m² comprised group 2, and 14 patients on hemodialysis group 3. The control group comprised 16 healthy children. Homocysteine (Hcy), methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys), and serine (Ser) were measured with gas chromatography. FA and vitamin B₁₂ were measured using enzymatic immunoassay. Median SAA concentrations were significantly lower in controls than in the three groups of patients. Hcy concentrations were 0.8 μmol/l in controls versus 5 μmol/ (group 1), 9 μmol/l (group 2), and 20 μmol/l (group 3). Met concentrations were 26 μmol/l in controls versus 26 μmol/l (group 1), 66 μmol/l (group 2), and 281 μmol/l (group 3). Cys concentrations were 10 μmol/ in controls versus 98 μmol/l (group 1), 54 μmol/l (group 2), and 122 μmol/l (group 3). Ser concentrations were 88 μmol/ in controls versus 153 μmol/l (group 1), 239 μmol/l (group 2), and 240 μmol/l (group 3). The median concentrations of FA were lower in controls than in groups 2 and 3: 5.5 ng/ml versus 8 ng/ml and 15 ng/ml, respectively. Vitamin B₁₂ concentrations did not differ between groups. Vitamin levels did not correlate with SAA. The only difference between patients with Hcy levels in the lower and upper quartile was in Met concentration (38 vs. 263 μmol/l, P<0.02) and GFR (P<0.01). In conclusion, patients with CRF had higher SAA concentrations than healthy children. FA concentrations are higher in CRF patients than in healthy children but did not correlate with concentrations of SAA. Received: 3 January 2000 / Revised: 21 September 2000 / Accepted: 11 October 2000     

Hyperhomocysteinemia in stable pediatric, adolescents, and young adult renal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: High total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels are accompanied by an increased risk for premature development of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Adult renal transplant recipients have elevated tHcy levels. Corresponding data in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult renal transplant recipients are scarce. We investigated whether tHcy levels were elevated in stable renal transplant recipients who received kidney grafts before age 18. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during routine posttransplantation follow-up. Fasting tHcy levels, serum creatinine, and lipoprotein profile were measured in 38 clinically stable renal transplant recipients with different degrees of renal function. No patient was receiving B vitamin or folic acid supplementation. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed according to Schwartz's formula. All patients followed a triple-drug immunosuppressive regimen, with the exception of three patients (deflazacort and azathioprine). Forty-one apparently healthy subjects constituted the control group. tHcy levels were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay in an IMx analyzer. RESULTS: Mean tHcy levels in transplant recipients were significantly higher than in controls (16.8+/-8.7 micromol/L and 9.5+/-2.3 micromol/L, respectively; P<0.01). A significant positive correlation between tHcy and serum creatinine levels was observed for both transplant recipients (rS=0.70, P<0.01) and controls (rS=0.54, P<0.01). In transplant recipients, tHcy correlated negatively with estimated GFR (rS=[minus]0.47, P<0.05). Fasting tHcy levels in excess of 14.6 micromol/L (>95th percentile in controls) were present in 19 (50%) patients; 14 of these patients had an estimated GFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. When the renal transplant recipients were analyzed by renal function, mean tHcy was significantly higher in patients with an estimated GFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 compared with patients with an estimated GFR> or =60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (20.5+/-9.9 vs. 13.2+/-5.8 micromol/L, P<0.01). Both groups were significantly different from controls (P<0.01). No relationship was found between tHcy level and either cumulative cyclosporine or cumulative methylprednisone doses. No differences were observed in tHcy levels or lipoprotein profile between patients who were receiving deflazacort and those on methylprednisone. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients is a common condition. Testing for fasting tHcy level might be a useful tool to identify patients at increased risk for development of vascular disease.     

Predicted creatinine clearance to evaluate glomerular filtration rate in black Caribbean subjects.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Although Caribbean people have been a lesser-studied ethnic group than other populations, they have a high burden of hypertension and renal disease. Because Caribbean people have a greater muscle mass than Caucasians, this study examined the accuracy of creatinine-based estimates (creatinine clearance; C(cr) and Cockcroft-Gault formula; C-G Cl) of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 38 Caribbeans who were matched for age, gender, and GFR, with 38 Caucasian subjects. Patients were considered black Caribbean if at least one of two parents was of black Caribbean origin. GFR values ranging from 5 to 140 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were measured by inulin clearance. Results were compared using linear correlations and the Bland and Altman methodology to provide better estimates of value dispersion. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between C-G Cl and GFR were highly significant in both black Caribbean subjects (r=0.83, P<0.001) and Caucasians (r=0.84, P<0.001). Similar coefficients were obtained between C(cr) and GFR (r=0.89, P<0.001 and r=0.90, P<0.001, respectively). In spite of these strong correlations, the Bland and Altman representation highlighted huge intra-individual variations in GFR estimation by C-G Cl and by C(cr) in both ethnic groups. The underestimation of GFR by C-G Cl was significant in black Caribbeans (-8.6+/-20 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P<0.001) but not in Caucasians (-5.6+/-20.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). C(cr) overestimation of GFR was significant both in Caribbeans (8.7+/-16.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P<0.001) and in Caucasians (7.2+/-15.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The C-G formula for estimating GFR yields similar clinical values in black Caribbeans and in Caucasians, but the same limitations were observed in both ethnic groups.     

Glomerular hyperfiltration increases the risk of developing microalbuminuria in diabetic children

An elevated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is frequently detectable in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents and in those without any other evidence of incipient diabetic nephropathy. In 1982 we detected 23 patients with hyperfiltration (GFR>140 ml/min per 1.73 m²), aged 9–15 years, with diabetes for longer than 4 years; 23 age- and sex-matched patients with diabetes of a similar duration and without hyperfiltration served as controls. Both groups were followed until March 1992, by assessing GFR every 12 months, albumin excretion rate every 6 months, blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) every 3 months. Dietary protein intake was similar in patients with hyperfiltration and in controls. No other drug except insulin was used throughout the study. The insulin regimen was similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding albumin excretion, blood pressure and HbA1 at the beginning of the study. Of the 23 patients with hyperfiltration, 7 developed persistent microalbuminuria (defined as an overnight albumin excretion rate >30 g/min per 1.73 m² on at least 5 consecutive measurements); 2 of these patients had overt proteinuria. Only 1 of the diabetics with normal GFR developed persistent microalbuminuria. The positive predictive value for microalbuminuria of an initial GFR>140 ml/min per 1.73 m² was 63%; the negative predictive value of an initial GFR<140 ml/min per 1.73 m² was 94%. The increase of albumin excretion rate into the microalbuminuric range precedes the elevation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Persistent glomerular hyperfiltration is a risk factor for the development of microalbuminuria and incipient nephropathy in type 1 diabetic children, adolescents and young adults.     

Glomerular filtration rate and its influential factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of albuminuria

Objective To study the characteristics of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its influential factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of albuminuria. Method GFR was measured in 630 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus between 2002 and 2005 by plasma disappearance of 99m-techmetium-diethylene- triamine- penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA). Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, plasma glucose, HbA1c, Scr, BUN, uric acid (UA), profile of plasma lipid and 24 h-urinary albumin excretion (24 h-UAE) were also measured. All the patients were divided into 3 groups according to their 24 h-UAE: normoalbuminuric group (group A, 24 h-UAE<30 mg), microalbuminuric group (group B, 24 h-UAE from 30 mg to 300 mg) and macroalbuminuric group (group C, 24 h-UAE>300 mg). Results (1) The mean GFR was (99.8±26.3) ml/min, (96.1±31.2) ml/min and (69.7±29.8) ml/min in A, B and C groups respectively. The GFR in group C was significantly lower than that in group A and group B(P<0.01). (2) Negative correlations were found between GFR and age in all these groups (group A r= -0.533, group B r=-0.612 and group C r=-0.412，respectively, P<0.01）. (3) In each group, GFR of patients with hypertension was significantly lower than that of patients without hypertension（P<0.05）. (4) The Pearson correlation analysis adjusted by age showed that GFR was negatively correlated with 24 h-UAE in group B and group C (r=-0.283 and -0.24 respectively, all P<0.05). The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that 24 h-UAE was the major influential factor of GFR in these 2 groups. Conclusions Measurement of both GFR performed by non-traumatic plasma disappearance of 99mTc-DTPA method and UAE provides a more precise evaluation on the the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Albuminuria should be controlled, especially in microalbuminuric stage.     

Microalbuminuria, but not cystatin C, is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults.

BACKGROUND: Cystatin C, a marker of renal function, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults, but few data are available in middle-aged adults. Moreover, no study has compared cystatin C and microalbuminuria as risk factors for CVD outcomes in middle-aged adults, and it is not known whether cystatin C is related to an early stage of atherosclerosis. METHODS: We evaluated the relationships between serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum cystatin C (all divided into tertiles), microalbuminuria and carotid atherosclerosis in a population-based random sample of 523 adults aged 35-64 years from the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). GFR was estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed by B-mode ultrasound. RESULTS: The mean age of the study sample was 52 years, and 55% were women. Carotid IMT was higher in participants with microalbuminuria (802 vs 732 microm, P<0.001) and was inversely associated with GFR tertiles (from 728 to 809 microm, P for trend=0.002). IMT was not associated with cystatin C or creatinine (P for trend=0.10 and 0.16, respectively). In multivariate analyses adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, the association between microalbuminuria and IMT remained (P=0.047), while the association between GFR and IMT disappeared (P for trend=0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria, but not cystatin C, is associated with carotid atherosclerosis beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged adults. Cystatin C does not have a stronger relationship with carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults than creatinine.     

血清CysC、B2-MG评价慢性肾脏病患者早期肾功能损害

目的探讨血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CystC）、B2微球蛋白（胆-MG）在评价慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者早期肾功能损害中的临床价值。方法收集2008年2月至2009年1月问包头市中心医院。肾内科住院CKD患者116例,根据肾小球滤过率（GFR）,分为3组,即A组为肾功能正常组,GFR≥90ml·min-1。·（1．73m2）-1;B组为早期肾功能不全组,60ml·min-1。·（1．73m2）-1≤GFR〈90ml·min-1·（1．73m2）-1;C组为中晚期。肾功能不全组,GFR％60ml·min。·（1．73m2）～。测定不同肾功能时期CysC、132-MG、SCr、尿素氮（BUN）水平,各组间进行比较,并与GFR进行相关性比较,采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积,评价CysC、132-MG的可靠性。结果患者血清CysC、G2-MG、SCr、尿素氮（BUN）与GFR均呈显著相关（P〈0．01）,且以CysC与GFR的相关程度最密切,CysC、82-MG、SCr、尿素氮（BUN）受试者曲线下面积分别是0．989、0．983、0．877、0．873。结论CysC、胆-MG成为理想的反应GFR的内源性指标。通过联合检测血清CysC和B32-MG水平可以为评价GFR提供敏感、对早期诊断各种慢性肾脏病患者肾小球滤过功能的损害具有重要价值。     

高血压肾损伤患者外周血单个核细胞PPARγ和NF-κB的mRNA表达及其与心血管重构的相关性

目的探讨高血压肾损伤患者外周血单个核细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)的mRNA表达及其与心血管重构的相关性。 方法选择2016年5月至2019年5月本院收治的高血压患者,65例为单纯高血压组,50例高血压肾损伤患者为高血压肾损伤组,健康者50例为对照组。测定各组受试者的外周血单个核细胞PPARγ mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达;应用心脏和血管超声分别检测颈动脉及心脏的重构指标：颈动脉平均内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块积分、左心室质量指数(LVMI)。应用Pearson方法分析高血压肾损伤患者外周血单个核细胞PPARγ mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达水平与心血管重构指标的相关性,多元线性回归分析高血压肾损伤患者IMT的影响因素。 结果与对照组相比,单纯高血压组、高血压肾损伤组患者的IMT、斑块积分、LVMI和NF-κB mRNA表达水平明显升高,而PPARγ mRNA表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05)。高血压肾损伤组IMT、斑块积分、LVMI各指标和NF-κB mRNA表达水平均明显高于单纯高血压组,PPARγ mRNA表达水平明显低于单纯高血压组(P<0.05)。高血压肾损伤患者PPARγ mRNA表达水平均与IMT、斑块积分、LVMI呈负相关关系(均P<0.05);NF-κB mRNA表达水平均与IMT、斑块积分、LVMI均呈正相关关系(P均<0.05)。PPARγ mRNA降低、NF-κB mRNA升高是高血压肾损伤患者IMT的影响因素(均P<0.05)。 结论高血压肾损伤患者外周血PPARγ mRNA表达明显降低,NF-κB mRNA表达明显升高,二者均与心血管重构有相关性。