腹部促纤维结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤CT表现及病理对照

目的：探讨腹部促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤（DSRCT）的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的8例DSRCT患者的CT表现,8例患者均行CT增强扫描,并对其CT表现与病理学进行对照分析。结果：3例DSRCT单发,5例多发;病变主要位于膀胱后方（n=5）及肠系膜间隙（n=5）;CT表现为腹、盆腔内分叶状或结节状低密度肿块;可见坏死区（n=3）及钙化灶（n=4）;增强扫描均表现为不均匀强化,平扫、增强扫描动脉期及静脉期肿块的平均CT值各为38.9 HU5、6.1 HU6、2.5 HU。8例肿瘤病理特点均表现为瘤组织呈片状或巢状弥漫浸润性生长,中间由宽厚的纤维结缔组织分隔,3例可见瘤内坏死。结论：DSRCT的CT表现与病理之间存在一定的相关性,CT有助于DSRCT的诊断、分期及定位活检。     

腹盆部促纤维组织增生性小圆细胞瘤的CT表现

目的探讨腹盆部促纤维组织增生性小圆细胞瘤(desmoplastic small round cell tumor,DSRCT)的影像表现,以提高对该肿瘤的认识及诊断水平。方法对6例经手术、活检病理证实的腹盆部DSRCT的影像表现进行回顾性分析。结果 6例CT表现为单个或多个较大肿瘤内可见坏死、囊变区,6例均可见多少不等钙化灶;增强扫描3例肿瘤实质部分呈轻至中度强化,3例明显强化,可见多发条状明显强化血管影。结论腹盆部DSRCT的CT表现有一定特征性,当青少年患者腹盆部出现多发大小不等肿块,内密度多不均匀,增强扫描肿瘤呈轻至中度强化,可提示DSRCT的诊断,确诊仍需进行病理及免疫组织化学检查。     

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: imaging findings associated with clinicopathologic features

PURPOSE: To describe imaging findings of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSCRT) and to clarify the relation between radiologic appearances and clinicopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans and MRI examinations of four male patients with histologically confirmed DSCRT (mean age = 20 years) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The common imaging finding was multiple peritoneal masses with regular contour situated within mesentery. Tumors showed central low attenuation in 75% of patients on nonenhanced CT. All tumors showed inhomogeneous enhancement on CT. Small foci of punctate calcification were identified in a part of the tumor in all patients. Bone metastases were identified on enhanced CT in two patients 2 and 8 months after diagnosis, respectively. Pleural dissemination was identified in all patients, and one patient had double-sided dissemination. T2-weighted MRI showed inhomogeneous high signal intensity, and small cysts were identified in two patients. Fluid-fluid levels were identified in six tumors on T2-weighted images, which suggested the presence of hemorrhage. Tumors had inhomogeneous signal intensity low or isointense relative to skeletal muscle on T1-weighted images. Two lesions exhibited inhomogeneous enhancement with central low intensity consistent with necrosis. CONCLUSION: Imaging studies can depict disseminated characteristics and disease extent during the clinical course of DSRCT.     

肾上腺占位病变的CT诊断价值

目的:探讨肾上腺占位病变的CT表现及诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例共37个经临床或手术病理证实的肾上腺及肾上腺源性占位病变的CT表现,并与手术病理对照。结果:37个肾上腺占位病变中,嗜铬细胞瘤8例9个,腺瘤6例,转移瘤6例12个,腺癌4例,髓样脂肪瘤3例,肾上腺囊肿2例,结核1例,其CT表现各具特征。结论:CT对肾上腺占位病变诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值并能对恶性肿瘤作出术前分期及估计预后。     

Secondary involvement of breast with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a paediatric patient presenting as bilateral breast masses

We report a paediatric case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with secondary breast involvement. On US exam there were bilateral multiple well-defined masses. Contrast-enhanced thorax CT demonstrated the breast lesions as well as enhancing masses. To our knowledge, this type of lymphomatous breast involvement in a child is rare and its CT features are very rarely demonstrated. Received: 16 October 1998; Revision received: 21 April 1999; Accepted: 28 May 1999     

Diagnosing pancreatic cancer: the role of percutaneous biopsy and CT

AIMS: To determine the sensitivity and complications of percutaneous biopsy of pancreatic masses, and whether typical computed tomography (CT) features of adenocarcinoma can reliably predict this diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 5 year retrospective analysis of percutaneous core biopsies of pancreatic masses and their CT features was undertaken. Data were retrieved from surgical/pathology databases; medical records and CT reports and images. RESULTS: Three hundred and three patients underwent 372 biopsies; 56 of 87 patients had repeat biopsies. Malignancy was diagnosed in 276 patients, with ductal adenocarcinoma in 259 (85%). Final sensitivity of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms was 90%; for repeat biopsy it was 87%. Complications occurred in 17 (4.6%) patients, in three of whom the complications were major (1%): one abscess, one duodenal perforation, one large retroperitoneal bleed. CT features typical of ductal adenocarcinoma were: hypovascular pancreatic mass with bile and/or pancreatic duct dilatation. Atypical CT features were: isodense or hypervascular mass, calcification, non-dilated ducts, cystic change, and extensive lymphadenopathy. Defining typical CT features of adenocarcinoma as true-positives, CT had a sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 98%, and negative predictive value of 41% for diagnosing pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Final sensitivity of percutaneous biopsy for establishing the diagnosis was 90%. CT features typical of pancreatic adenocarcinoma had high specificity and PPV. On some occasions, especially in frail patients with co-morbidity, it might be reasonable to assume a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer if CT features are typical, and biopsy only if CT shows atypical features.     

胸腹部未成熟畸胎瘤的CT表现

目的：探讨胸腹部未成熟畸胎瘤的CT诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析31例胸腹部未成熟畸胎瘤的CT资料。结果：31例未成熟畸胎瘤中有不均质实性肿块27个和厚壁囊性肿块4个,平均最大径14．3cm。26例可见散在钙化,大多有散在脂质和盘曲的带状略低密度影。8例肿瘤向外突破包膜侵犯邻近脏器。16例伴有胸腹腔或者心包积液。结论：胸腹部未成熟畸胎瘤的CT表现具有一定特征,了解这些特征有助于胸腹部未成熟畸胎瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

CT and MRI features of pure acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas in adults

OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the CT and MRI features of pure acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients (six women and five men; mean age, 64 years) with acinar cell carcinoma, documented by pathologic examination of resected specimens, underwent CT (n=9) or MRI (n=2) examinations. Two radiologists evaluated imaging studies and determined, by consensus, the following data for each tumor: size, location, margination, internal density or signal intensity, and contrast enhancement pattern. In addition, they assessed the presence of calcification, pancreatic or bile duct dilation, and metastases. Imaging features were correlated with gross and microscopic pathologic features of the tumors. RESULTS: Masses were distributed throughout the pancreas (head, n=5; body, n=2; and tail, n=4). The mean largest dimensions were 6.0 x 5.3 cm (range, from 2 x 1.7 to 15 x 11 cm). Tumors were oval (n=5), round (n=4), or lobular (n=2). Ten (91%) masses were well marginated; nine (82%) were exophytic. Five (45%) masses enhanced homogeneously; the remaining tumors contained cystic areas. All masses enhanced less than the surrounding pancreas. Three (27%) masses contained calcifications. Four (80%) masses invaded the duodenum. Common bile and pancreatic duct dilatation was present in two and three patients, respectively. One patient had metastatic liver disease at presentation. CONCLUSION: Pure acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is usually an exophytic, oval or round, well-marginated, and hypovascular mass on CT and MRI. It typically is completely solid when small and contains cystic areas due to necrosis when large.     

涎腺区肿块的CT诊断

目的：探讨涎腺区病变的ＣＴ诊断价值。方法：回顾性总结经手术病理证实的３４例涎腺区肿块的临床与ＣＴ资料，对其ＣＴ表现进行了分析。结果：３４例中有２６例术前ＣＴ准确诊断，诊断符合率７３．５％，腮腺区２４例，颌下腺区１０例。良性肿块的ＣＴ表现：结节状（１３例），分叶状（５例），不规则形（３例）。大多数肿块边缘光滑，边界清晰，密度均匀。病理对照：有完整包膜１８例，无完整包膜３例。恶性肿块ＣＴ表现呈不规则形（１３例），边缘毛糙，与周围正常组织分界不清。病理对照：肿块多数无包膜（１１例）。结论：涎腺ＣＴ扫描的最大优势在于定位准确，能明确病变的范围及其与周围组织的关系，同时可根据肿块的形态及密度较好地鉴别其性质。     

肾上腺间质肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨肾上腺间质肿瘤的CT和MRI影像表现。方法:对12例经手术病理证实的肾上腺间质肿瘤的CT和其中6例MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果:12例肾上腺间质肿瘤包括骨髓脂肪瘤5例,囊肿2例,脂肪瘤、神经纤维瘤伴嗜铬细胞瘤、淋巴瘤、间皮瘤恶变、间叶组织来源恶性肿瘤各1例。骨髓脂肪瘤表现为不均质肿块内有显著的脂肪组织密度或信号;囊肿和脂肪瘤分别为均质的水和脂肪密度或信号;神经纤维瘤伴嗜铬细胞瘤为较低密度无强化肿块,MRI表现为不均匀长T1长T2信号;淋巴瘤、间皮瘤恶变及间叶组织来源恶性肿瘤为不规则软组织密度肿块。结论:骨髓脂肪瘤、囊肿、脂肪瘤表现有特征性,可明确诊断;其它表现为软组织肿块的肿瘤无特征性,诊断均需结合临床及组织学检查。     

隐睾合并精原细胞瘤的CT征象分析

目的:探讨隐睾合并精原细胞瘤的CT特点,以期提高对本病的认识.方法:对7例经手术病理证实的隐睾合并精原细胞瘤的CT图像进行回顾性分析.结果:7例隐睾合并精原细胞瘤中,2例位于后腹膜,3例位于盆腔腹膜外,2例位于腹股沟管.其CT征象有肿块以实质性为主;肿块可有完整包膜,如边缘不清则提示有局部侵犯;肿块长轴多与睾丸下行路径一致;腹股沟管内口附近肿块可见伪足状突起.结论:隐睾合并精原细胞瘤的CT征象有相对特征性,对于本病的诊断具有重要价值.     

颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现与病理对照

目的 :探讨颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现及其与病理学之间的关系 ,了解其CT表现的病理学基础。方法 :回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的颈部神经鞘瘤 3 6例 ,增强扫描 2 7例 ,并与手术病理结果进行比较。结果 :CT平扫表现为均匀等密度、略低密度 (和颈部肌肉相比 )肿块 12例 ,增强扫描呈轻度均匀强化 ;2 4例平扫表现为不均匀等密度、略低密度肿块 ,伴中心点状、片状更低密度区 ,增强扫描肿块呈轻度至明显强化 ,中央更低密度区无明显强化。上述表现与病理对照显示更低密度区由疏细胞区 (AntoniB区 )、陈旧性出血及囊性变组成 ,等密度、略低密度区由富细胞区 (AntoniA区 )和胶原组成。不同的细胞区域构成形成不同的CT表现 ,增强表现与AntoniA区增强有关。结论 :颈部神经鞘瘤的CT表现与其病理改变有关 ,对正确诊断具有指导意义。     

头颈部嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿的影像及病理学分析

目的 探讨头颈部嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿(KD)的影像表现及病理特征,以提高对该病的术前诊断率。方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的头颈部KD患者的临床影像及病理表现。结果 8例KD患者中,单发与多发各4例;部位:腮腺6例、口底(颌下腺区)1例、眼睑1例,其中2例累及腹股沟。CT和MRI征象:①累及腮腺者(4例):患侧腮腺、面部弥漫性增大,结节边界欠清或较清,密度略高于腮腺,T₁加权像多为等信号,T₂加权像信号则多为等、低信号,增强扫描有不同程度强化;②累及头颈部其他部位(如颌下腺区、眼睑等)者:病变密度、信号、强化程度亦与累及腮腺者类似,但可有周围组织的受累(如颅骨);③周围淋巴结常不同程度受累、增大,密度、信号均匀,边界清楚,无坏死,无融合;往往累及局部皮下组织,邻近皮肤增厚。病理:KD组织成分基本一致,均由淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、小血管和纤维组织以不同比例组成。结论 KD有一定的好发部位和临床特点,结合影像学检查与病理分析,可大大提高其术前诊断的正确率。     

老年人肺癌的临床及CT诊断（附124例分析）

目的探讨老年人肺癌的临床和CT诊断的准确性.材料与方法1987～1998年132例肺部肿块的临床和CT检查资料.结果124例为肺癌.CT征象92例有分叶征象(74.2%),59例有短而细毛刺(47.6%),27例有锯齿样改变(21.8%);胸膜凹陷征59例(47.6%),血管集束征38例(30.6%),细支气管充气征41例(33.1%).结论把握CT的肺癌征象,结合临床表现及定期查体,可提高老年人肺癌的诊断水平.     

Enhancing component on CT to predict malignancy in cystic renal masses and interobserver agreement of different CT features

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine the CT features of complex cystic renal masses that are the most predictive of malignancy and to assess interobserver variability when interpreting these features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists blinded to pathology results retrospectively reviewed CT scans of 36 consecutive cystic renal masses in 30 patients (19 men and 11 women; age range, 28-76 years; mean age, 59 +/- 13 years) who had undergone surgery. The study population included only masses with a cystic component on gross pathology and imaging. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT. The reviewers recorded the CT features of each cystic mass, including the presence of enhancing components. Accuracy values and odds ratio to predict malignancy were calculated for each CT feature. Weighted kappa was used to measure interobserver agreement. RESULTS: There were 21 cystic renal cell cancers and 11 benign cystic lesions. All cystic renal cell carcinomas showed an enhancing septal or nodular component. The mean sensitivity and specificity of the two reviewers in predicting malignancy for the presence of septal enhancement were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65-93%) and 82% (95% CI, 56-94%); for nodular enhancement, 67% (95% CI, 49-81%) and 96% (95% CI, 75-99%); and for either septal or nodular enhancement, 100% (95% CI, 86-100%) and 86% (95% CI, 67-95%), respectively. The interobserver agreements for septal and nodular enhancement were good (kappa = 0.67) and moderate (kappa = 0.57), respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of either nodular or septal enhancement shows the highest sensitivity for predicting malignancy with moderate to good interobserver agreement.     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum: CT and barium study findings

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the CT and radiographic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum appear on barium studies as extrinsically compressing or submucosal masses with or without ulceration. These tumors usually appear on contrast-enhanced CT as well-defined masses with an exoenteric growth pattern and relatively good heterogeneous enhancement.     

Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the omentum and mesentery: CT findings and pathologic correlations

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to describe the CT features of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the omentum and mesentery and to identify any pathologic correlation. CONCLUSION: On contrast-enhanced CT, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the omentum and mesentery are usually well-defined, huge masses that contain large areas of low-attenuation necrosis and hemorrhage and that lack central gas.     

肿瘤颅底侵犯的CT诊断

目的：分析不同种类肿瘤颅底侵犯的ＣＴ表现。方法：３２例起源于不同组织的肿瘤（７例良性,２５例恶性）均有颅底侵犯。ＣＴ扫描使用Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ～ｔｏｍｏｓｃａｎ３５０型全身ＣＴ扫描机,层厚３～６ｍｍ,所有病例均有轴位扫描,１５例同时有冠、矢状位扫描。结果：颅底侵犯的部位、范围与肿瘤起源部位和性质有密切关系,３２例中２０例有颅内侵犯,ＣＴ特征为颅内外肿物相连续且密度一致,未见瘤内出血、坏死,较少发生瘤周水肿。结论：轴、冠状位ＣＴ扫描是肿瘤颅底侵犯诊断与定位的主要方法。矢状位扫描可做为诊断的辅助方法。     

腹膜后原发性脂肪肉瘤的CT表现与病理学对照

目的探讨腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的CT表现,提高其CT诊断准确性。方法病理证实的脂肪肉瘤20例。其中分化成熟型11例(脂肪瘤样脂肪肉瘤9例;硬化型脂肪肉瘤2例),去分化型2例,黏液样型5例,圆形细胞型1例,多形性型1例。5例术后复发,3例转移。结果腹膜后脂肪肉瘤CT表现大体分为4类:(1)全瘤呈脂肪密度,夹杂网格状分隔,镜下诊断为分化好的脂肪瘤样脂肪肉瘤;(2)多发病灶,脂肪密度肿块内或旁边并发等或高于肌肉密度肿块,增强后肌肉样密度区有明显强化,去分化型与多形性脂肪肉瘤见于此种表现;(3)全瘤呈高低混杂密度,仅在瘤中可见脂肪成分,增强后有轻中度强化,病理分型为圆形细胞型及硬化型脂肪肉瘤;(4)均匀液性低密度灶,周围伴有包膜样结构,增强扫描液性密度区内有“云雾状”强化,镜下诊断为黏液样脂肪肉瘤。结论脂肪成分是诊断腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的必要条件。各型脂肪肉瘤CT表现有一定特点。