经直肠超声引导可疑结节加6点改良穿刺前列腺活检术阳性率的影响因素分析

目的分析经直肠超声引导可疑结节加6点穿刺改良方法前列腺活检阳性率的影响因素。方法经直肠超声引导下采用可疑癌结节或血流信号异常增多区穿刺2针,加前列腺6点穿刺改良方法,即左右侧前列腺底、体、尖的外周区各穿刺1针,对158例前列腺可疑癌症患者进行活检,结合术前血液前列腺特异抗原（PSA）及经直肠超声检查结果。结果158例患者中,前列腺癌67例,增生伴前列腺上皮内瘤61例,增生伴炎症19例,单纯性增生11例;经直肠超声发现外腺区可疑结节91例,活俭为前列腺癌55例,增生伴前列腺上皮内瘤27例,增生伴炎症7例,单纯性增生2例,PSA〉40ng/ml组活检阳性率较〈20ng/ml组、20～40ng／ml组增高（P〈0．05）;前列腺体积〉60m1组活检阳性率较〈30ml组及30～60ml组降低（P〈0．05）结论PSA浓度、前列腺体积、前列腺外腺有无可疑结节是影响前列腺癌活检阳性率的主要因素。     

经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检联合复合前列腺特异抗原检测在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺10点穿刺法加可疑灶定点穿刺活检联合复合前列腺特异抗原(c PSA)检测在前列腺癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:147例临床拟诊前列腺癌患者在前列腺穿刺前行血清c PSA检测,采用经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺10点穿刺法加可疑灶定点穿刺活检术。结果:经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺10点穿刺法加可疑灶定点穿刺活检取材准确率为100%。147例临床拟诊患者前列腺癌穿刺活检阳性率为38.8%(57/147),其c PSA检测临界点为7.6 ng/m L。c PSA≥7.6 ng/m L 79例,诊断前列腺癌的灵敏度为93.8%,特异度为72.2%,前列腺穿刺活检阳性率达68.4%(54/79),46.3%的患者(68/147)可避免穿刺活检。结论:经直肠超声引导下经会阴前列腺10点穿刺法加可疑灶定点穿刺是一种安全可靠的诊断技术,c PSA以7.6 ng/m L为临界点,可显著增加前列腺穿刺活检的阳性率。     

经直肠超声引导6＋X点法前列腺穿刺活检60例临床分析

目的探讨经直肠超声前列腺穿刺6＋X点改良穿刺法在前列腺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法对直肠指诊阳性、血清特异性抗原（PSA）〉4mg/L、超声检查前列腺声像图异常考虑占位60例患者进行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检。结果60例患者中,诊断为前列腺腺癌21例,阳性率为35.0%;前列腺增生37例,占61.7%;非典型增生2例,占3.3%。均未出现严重并发症。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺6点改良穿刺法是诊断前列腺癌的一种有效检查方法,操作简单、安全且准确性高、并发症极少,在临床早期诊断前列腺癌具有重要价值。     

超声引导下经直肠12点前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床分析

目的 探讨超声引导下经直肠12点前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的临床价值.方法 对67例前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)升高或直肠指诊阳性或经直肠前列腺超声发现可疑结节的患者,行超声引导下经直肠12点前列腺穿刺活检加可疑区域1～2针活检.结果 67例超声引导下经直肠12点前列腺穿刺活检,检出前列腺癌42例,占62.7%;前列腺增生17例,占25.4%;前列腺炎8例,占11.9%.67例接受穿刺的患者15例术后出现血尿,7例出现血便,2例出现血精,1例出现发热,无1例出现严重的并发症.结论 超声引导下经直肠12点前列腺穿刺活检术是一种安全的方法,有助于提高前列腺癌的早期诊断及前列腺疾病的鉴别诊断.     

CE-TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值

目的 探讨经直肠超声造影在前列腺穿刺活检中的临床价值.方法 选择临床疑诊为前列腺癌预行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术的68例患者,分为对照组(30例)和造影组(38例),所有患者均采用10点系统穿刺法行前列腺穿刺活检,造影或者常规超声提示可疑病灶处增加1~2针.比较两组患者穿刺病理结果、病理阳性率及两组的敏感性、特异性、准确性.结果 造影组病理阳性率(36.9%)显著高于对照组(27.0%)(P<0.05).经直肠超声造影引导前列腺穿刺活检对诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性(82.4%、71.4%、76.3%)均显著高于经直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检(64.2%、56.3%、60.0%)(P<0.05).结论 经直肠超声造影引导下前列腺穿刺活检提高前列腺癌的检出率,但由于假阴性和假阳性的存在,经直肠超声造影引导前列腺穿刺仍无法代替系统穿刺.     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术168例分析

目的:探讨经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法:对168例直肠指征阳性或PSA>4 ng/ml及前列腺癌术后直肠指诊异常伴PSA升高病例在行前列腺标准六点穿刺活检术同时对可疑回声区随机增加穿刺点。对Ⅱ度以上前列腺两侧各增加2个穿刺点。结果:共检出前列腺癌47例,标准六点未检出.随机增加穿刺活检检出8例。结论:前列腺穿刺活检为前列腺癌诊断重要手段。超声引导定位准确.可随机增加穿刺点,提高前列腺癌检出率。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺并发直肠大出血及其处理

目的　探讨经直肠超声 (transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导前列腺穿刺活检引起的直肠大出血及其处理方法。方法　回顾性总结 10 96例次 TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检引起的 11例直肠大出血的临床资料。结果　在 11例患者中 ,前列腺癌 (prostatic carcinoma,PCA) 5例 ,良性前列腺增生 (benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH) 4例 ,前列腺上皮内肿瘤 (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm ,PIN) 1例 ,前列腺炎 1例 ;7例直肠大出血自行停止 ,4例出血不止 ,并出现生命体征异常 ,需要局部止血和输血。结论　尽管 TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检可能引起多种并发症 ,但一般不需处理 ,即便并发直肠大出血也能有效地治疗 ,因此 ,它仍然是诊断前列腺癌的可靠方法。     

经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的：探讨经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床意义。方法：总共112例直肠指诊阳性和／或PSA〉4ng／ml的患者接受了经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术。即按照Hodge描述的方法，在前列腺两侧旁正中线的矢状面，分别于前列腺的基底部、中间、及尖部各间隔穿刺3点，总共穿刺活检6点。并对经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的并发症进行了讨论。结果：总共112例患者中有42例确诊为前列腺癌（42／112），占38％。所有接受经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的患者无一例出现严重的并发症。结论：与传统的前列腺穿刺活检术相比。经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率，是一种安全、有效的前列腺系统穿刺活检术式。     

经直肠超声引导6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的：评价经直肠超声引导６点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法：对１１２例直肠批诊阳性和（或）ＰＳＡ〉４ｎｇ／ｍｌ的虱采用Ｈｏｄｇｅ提出的经直肠超声引导６点前列腺系统穿刺活检术。即在前列腺两侧旁正中线的矢状面,分别于前列腺的基底部、中间及尖部各间隔穿刺３点,总共穿刺活检６点,结果：其中４２例确诊为前列腺癌。占３５％,所有接受经直肠超声引导６点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的患者无一例出现严重的     

扇型超声引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的应用

目的探讨扇型超声引导下经会阴前列腺6针穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的价值.方法对可疑前列腺癌的104例患者,扇型超声引导下经会阴行双侧叶6点法穿刺活检术,对穿刺的阳性率和并发症及影响穿刺阳性率的因素进行分析.结果经病理诊断,检出前列腺癌24例,检出率23%,其余80例为良性前列腺增生(BPH).术后未出现严重并发症.经分析发现在tPSA≥10μg/L、fPSA≥2μg/L、fPSA/tPSA＜0.16、PSAD≥0.2和前列腺体积＜40 ml时是影响前列腺穿刺阳性率的重要因素(P＜0.05).结论扇型超声引导下经阴会6针前列腺穿刺活检,是一种安全准确的前列腺癌检出方法.     

超声引导下经直肠前列腺活检的临床应用

目的 探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检在诊断前列腺疾病中的临床应用。方法对36例前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）〉4ng／ml或直肠指检（DRE）有结节或经直肠超声发现有异常的患者，行经直肠超声引导6针系统活检加异常区域处1～2针活检。结果36例经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检，检出良性前列腺增生20例，占55．6％，前列腺癌9例，占25％，前列腺轻度不典型增生4例，占11．1％，前列腺良性增生合并前列腺炎性改变3例，占8．3％。无严重的并发症。结论经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术有助于前列腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断，为临床进一步诊治提供了依据。     

Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate gland: value of 12 versus 6 cores

We investigated the effect on prostate carcinoma detection of 12 versus 6 core biopsies at transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), when all biopsies are taken from the lateral peripheral zone. This was a prospective study of 202 consecutive men, ages 51 to 81 years, referred for TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate gland. All patients had prostate serum antigen levels higher than 4.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination. In each case three biopsies were taken from the peripheral zones of the right and left lobes of the prostate. Biopsies were taken at the apex, midway between the apex and the base, and at the base. A second set of biopsies was taken from the same regions and analyzed separately. In total, twelve biopsies were taken. Note was subsequently made of additional carcinoma diagnosis increase in Gleason grade, and new diagnoses of carcinoma in the opposite side of the gland diagnosed on the second set of biopsies alone. Seventy-eight of the 202 men (38.6%) had prostatic carcinoma diagnosed on TRUS-guided biopsy. Of these 78 patients, six were diagnosed with malignancy based on the second set of biopsies alone, a 2.9% increase in the 202 patients, representing an increased yield of 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 5.3â€28.6%). In nine cases (12.5%; 95% confidence interval, 6.2â€22.9%), the Gleason tumor grade was increased on the second set of sextant biopsies; in an additional nine cases, carcinoma was detected in the opposite side of the gland. There were two complications (1%). A 12- versus six-core biopsy strategy for TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate gland improves detection and histologic grading of prostate carcinoma. The added benefit of additional biopsies was lower in this series than in some prior studies using extensive biopsy protocols.     

Is extended biopsy protocol justified in all patients with suspected prostate cancer?

OBJECTIVE : To determine the significance of an extended 10-core transrectal biopsy protocol in different categories of patients with suspected prostate cancer using digital guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS : We studied 125 men who were being evaluated for prostate cancer. They all had an extended 10-core digitally guided transrectal prostatic biopsy done for either an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or an abnormal digital rectal examination finding or both. Sextant biopsy samples were collected first, followed by additional four lateral biopsies in all patients. Both groups of specimens were analyzed separately. The cancer detection rates of both sextant and extended 10-core biopsy protocols at different PSA levels and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings were determined and compared. The level of significance of difference in cancer detection was determined using Pearson's Chi square test with level of significance set at <0.05. RESULTS : The overall cancer detection by the extended technique was 61 (48.8%) cases while the sextant protocol detected cancer in 52 cases. The 10-core extended protocol yielded an increase in cancer detection rate of 14.8% but the improvement in detection rate was only statistically significant in the sub-set of patients with PSA between 4.1 and 10 ng/mL, with or without abnormality on DRE, with an overall increase detection rate of 33%.(P=0.04) CONCLUSION : Our study has shown that a 10-core prostate biopsy protocol significantly improves cancer detection in patients with suspected early cancer. It should therefore be the optimum biopsy protocol for patients with gray-zone PSA value, with or without abnormal DRE.     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统10点穿刺活检术的临床应用

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统10点穿刺活检术的临床应用价值。方法对56例[血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）〈4μg.L-1、直肠指诊阳性3例,PSA 4～10μg.L-1 11例,PSA〉10μg.L-1 42例]可疑前列腺结节患者行经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统10点穿刺活检术。结果 56例患者中,活检确诊为前列腺癌30例,占53.6%;良性前列腺增生症18例,占32.1%;慢性前列腺炎7例,占12.5%;前列腺囊肿1例,占1.8%。术后血尿15例,占26.8%;血便2例,占3.6%。无一例出现前列腺脓肿、高热、败血症等严重并发症。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统10点穿刺活检术有助于前列腺癌的诊断及鉴别诊断,并且无严重并发症。     

经直肠超声引导前列腺13点系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的 探讨经直肠超声引导前列腺13点系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法 共160例直肠指诊阳性和（或）前列腺特异抗原（PSA）值＞4ng/ml的患者接受了经直肠超声引导前列腺13点系统穿刺活检术,即按照Eskew描述的方法,在标准的经直肠超声引导前列腺6点系统穿刺活检术的同时,增加在前列腺的中间部位及前列腺两侧旁正中线远侧的穿刺点数,共穿刺活检13点。将增加的7点活检部位的病理结果与标准的6点穿刺活检技术进行比较。结果 160例患者中有56例确诊为前列腺癌（56／160）,占35％。56例前列腺癌患者若仅采用标准的经直肠超声引导6点前列腺穿刺活检术,将有12例患者漏诊,占21％。所有接受直肠超声引导前列腺13点系统穿刺活检术的无一例出现严重的并发症。结论 经直肠超声引导前列腺13点系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率,是一种安全、有效的前列腺系统穿刺活检术式,值得在临床推广应用。     

超声引导下经直肠前列腺系统12点穿刺活检术对早期前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的评价经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统12点穿刺活检术的临床价值。方法对临床高度怀疑前列腺癌149例患者进行经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统12点穿刺活检。结果成功进行12点系统穿刺活检者149例,获取组织满意.病理诊断为前列腺癌36例,前列腺增生80例,不典型增生4例,前列腺内皮瘤4例,前列腺慢性炎症9例,鳞状上皮化生3例,结核1例。前列腺平滑肌肉瘤7例,前列腺囊肿5例。结论经直肠超声定位下系统12点穿刺法成功率高,无严重并发症。在临床早期诊断前列腺癌很有价值。     

Targeted Biopsy With Reduced Number of Cores: Optimal Sampling Scheme in Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Prostate Biopsy

The 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined ultrasound (TRUS) targeted biopsy plus 12-core systematic biopsy (TBx + 12-SBx) was considered a reliable method for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. To find another optimal sampling scheme with fewer cores and the same efficiency as TBx + 12-SBx for prostate biopsy, 113 patients who underwent five different hypothetical sampling schemes were analyzed and compared with TBx + 12-SBx. The detection rates of targeted biopsy plus 6-core lateral systematic biopsy (TBx + lateral 6-SBx) for PCa and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (99.1% and 96.4%, respectively) were higher than other schemes, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of TBx + lateral 6-SBx for PCa and csPCa (0.991 and 0.990, respectively) were also significantly higher than other sampling schemes except TBx plus 6-core ipsilateral systematic biopsy (TBx + ipsilateral 6-SBx). Additionally, TBx + lateral 6-SBx had the lowest missed diagnosis rate. Thus, the TBx + lateral 6-SBx may be the optimal scheme for patients undergoing MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy.     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺与磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺在前列腺癌活检中的价值

的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺与磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺在前列腺癌活检中的价值。方法回顾性分析2011年9月至2013年9月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺的患者共181例。所有181例患者均行经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺,其中116例患者磁共振检查时发现可疑病灶而行靶向穿刺。穿刺活检病理检查诊断为前列腺癌97例,前列腺增生84例。采用χ2检验比较经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺与磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺的前列腺癌检出率差异;以穿刺活检病理诊断结果作为金标准,计算经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺、磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺诊断前列腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值并采用χ2检验进行比较。结果 181例患者穿刺共检出前列腺癌97例,检出率为53.6%（97/181）。其中,经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺检出前列腺癌63例,检出率为34.8%（63/181）;磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺检出前列腺癌81例,检出率为44.8%（81/181）;磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺的前列腺癌检出率高于经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺,且差异具有统计学意义（χ2=34.830,P=0.015）。其中,经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺漏诊34例前列腺癌,磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺漏诊16例前列腺癌,分别占检出前列腺癌的35.1%（34/97）及16.5%（16/97）。181例患者共穿刺1 896针,其中经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺1 448针,磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺448针。经直肠超声引导下前列腺系统穿刺诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为71.8%（224/312）,特异度为22.7%（360/1 584）,准确性为30.80%（584/1 896）,阳性预测值为15.5%（224/1 448）,阴性预测值为80.4%（360/448）;磁共振可疑病灶靶向穿刺诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为89.8%（280/312）,特异度为87.4%（1 384/1 584）,准确性为87.8%（1 664/1     

个体化前列腺穿刺活检方案的选择

【目的】探讨针对不同的前列腺体积及血清前列腺特异性抗原（PsA）水平采用不同的前列腺系统穿刺活检方案的临床价值。【方法】对153例患者进行经直肠彩超引导下前列腺15针系统穿刺活检术,通过选择不同的穿刺部位及针数,形成6针法、8针法、10针法、12针法及15针法,分析、比较不同针法及在不同PSA水平、不同前列腺体积中的检出率。【结果】共检出前列腺癌患者59例,6针法检出率72．9％（43／59）,12针法检出率98．3％（58／59）;总PSA（TPSA）〉100ng／mL的前列腺癌患者15例,6针法全部检出无漏诊;前列腺体积〈40mL组,8针法检出率100％（22／22）,前列腺体积〉40mL组,12针法检出率97．4％（37／38）。【结论】前列腺系统穿刺活检方案应根据不同的前列腺体积及血清TPSA水平选定。