腓骨切开复位内固定与胫骨闭合复位外支架固定治疗胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折

目的探讨对胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折微创治疗方法的效果。方法胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折36例,男21例,女15例;年龄12～65岁,平均38.5岁。其中闭合性骨折24例,Ⅰ度开放性骨折10例,Ⅱ度开放性骨折2例。采用单侧外固定支架与钢板螺丝钉结合微创治疗胫腓骨下段骨折。结果本组均获6个月～1年随访,平均9个月。定期X线复查,X线片示腓骨均解剖愈合,胫骨均功能位愈合,骨折临床愈合时间平均6个月。无软组织感染和骨髓炎发生。膝关节活动度大于90°,踝关节活动度15°～30°间,并达到骨愈合标准后拆除外固定架。去固定时间12～32周,平均24周,拆除固定后无再骨折发生。结论对于复杂粉碎性胫腓骨下段骨折的治疗,腓骨切开复位内固定与胫骨闭合复位外支架固定,操作简单、固定可靠、手术创伤小、符合微创术式原则。这为胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折的治疗提供了有效的治疗方法,值得进一步的推广。     

不同固定方式治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折87例报告

目的 观察不同固定方式治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法 将87例按AO分型为43A的胫骨远端粉碎性骨折的患者随机分为三组，分别采用A组：切开复位T型钢板内固定；B组闭和复位外固定架固定；C组切开复位有限内固定加外固定架固定。结果 术后经8-18个月随访：A、B、C组的愈合时间分别为24周、19周、15周，A组的感染率为14．81％（4／27），B、C组感染病各1例。A、B组骨不愈合率分别为18．89％（2／27）和8．00％（2／25），C组无骨不愈合的病例。结论 有限内固定加外固定架固定治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折可以缩短骨愈合的时间、降低感染率和骨不愈合率，是比较理想的治疗方法。     

微创经皮内固定治疗胫骨中下段骨折的临床观察

目的探讨微创经皮钢板植入内固定技术治疗胫骨骨折的临床效果。方法回顾我院2013年1月~2014年5月,经皮小切口用锁定钢板微创内固定治疗胫骨骨折,选取随访资料完整者20例,其中胫骨远端骨折9例,胫骨中段骨折11例,应用手法复位及器械辅助复位骨折,经皮微创置入锁定钢板至骨膜外,经皮打入锁定螺钉固定骨折。对于骨折经皮复位不满意病例行有限切开复位内固定。观察其治疗效果,并总结分析。结果获得完整随访资料的20例患者,随访时间5~14个月,平均11个月。手术切口均愈合良好,无感染,无皮肤坏死。骨折复位均满意,骨折愈合亦满意,平均愈合时间术后18周。采用Johner-Wruhs胫骨骨折治疗评分标准,优15例,良3例,中2例,差0例;优良率为90.0%。结论微创经皮钢板内固定技术创伤小,骨折端血供破坏少,骨折愈合率高,并发症少,是治疗胫骨中远段骨折的理想方法之一。     

经皮微创接骨板治疗胫骨长节段粉碎性骨折

目的:总结经皮微创接骨板技术(MIPPO)治疗胫骨长节段粉碎性骨折的手术经验和临床效果.方法:采用MIPPO技术治疗胫骨长节段粉碎骨折25例,均为新鲜骨折,其中开放性骨折5例,闭合性骨折20例.结果:全部病例获得随访,随访时间1～2.5 a,平均1.8 a.25例骨折均愈合.临床愈合时间16周(12～24周),无浅表和深部感染发生,无畸形愈合,无内固定失效.按Johner-Wruhs评分标准,优14例,良9例,可2例,优良率92%.结论:MIPPO治疗胫骨长节段粉碎骨折具有创伤小、固定确实、感染率低、骨折愈合率高等优点,符合生物学固定理念,是一种好的治疗方法.     

胫骨远端腓侧钢板治疗胫骨中下段多节段骨折

目的 探讨胫骨中下段多节段骨折的内固定方法.方法 运用解剖型胫骨远端腓侧钢板治疗胫骨中下段多节段骨折32例,合并骨质缺损者行一期自体髂骨植骨,合并皮肤损伤者采用皮瓣或皮片移植.结果 32例患者术后均获得良好的骨折复位,固定.骨折平均愈合时间4~6个月,无延迟愈合,骨不连或骨感染发生.结论 解剖型胫骨远端腓侧钢板可作为治疗胫骨中下段多节段骨折的首选方法,尤其适用于胫骨远端粉碎性骨折或合并软组织损伤病例.     

外固定支架治疗四肢粉碎骨折32例报告

目的 评价外固定架治疗四肢粉碎性骨折的临床效果.方法 本组共治疗四肢粉碎性骨折32例,其中肱骨干6例,股骨干10例,胫骨干16例,均采用单边外固定器治疗.术前及术后3d、1、3、6个月时分剐拍摄X线平片检查,术后嘱进行适当的功能锻炼,并在取出外固定后的3、6个月时再次随访.结果 32例患者骨折按时愈合,其中4例有骨折缺损二期植骨愈合,1例骨折延迟愈合,1例骨折不愈合改用钢板固定并植骨愈合.结论 外固定器能有效治疗四肢粉碎性骨折,只要严格掌握适应证,术中良好复位、固定,术后合适的处理并配合适当的功能锻炼是取得成功治疗的关键.     

胫骨远端腓侧钢板治疗胫骨中下段多节段骨折

目的 探讨胫骨中下段多节段骨折的内固定方法。方法 运用解剖型胫骨远端腓侧钢板治疗胫骨中下段多节段骨折32例，合并骨质缺损者行一期自体髂骨植骨，合并皮肤损伤者采用皮瓣或皮片移植。结果 32例患者术后均获得良好的骨折复位，固定。骨折平均愈合时间4～6个月，无延迟愈合，骨不连或骨感染发生。结论 解剖型胫骨远端腓侧钢板可作为治疗胫骨中下段多节段骨折的首选方法，尤其适用于胫骨远端粉碎性骨折或合并软组织损伤病例。     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨双钢板固定治疗肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折

目的:探讨经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板治疗肱骨髁间粉碎骨折的临床疗效.方法:2007年7月至2010年4月,对27例AO分型为"C"型的肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折患者采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,双钢板内固定术治疗,术后早期行功能锻炼.结果:27例手术均顺利,切口一期愈合.随访6～33个月,平均随访17个月.骨折全部愈合,愈合时间平均为5个月.无血管神经损伤,未发现内固定松动或者断裂等并发症.按Cassebaum评分系统评分,优7例,良14例,中5例,差1例,优良率达85.2%.结论:采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路双钢板内固定术治疗肱骨髁间粉碎骨折,手术方法安全可靠,固定牢靠;术后经过早期功能锻炼,肘关节功能恢复满意.     

应用MIPPO 技术治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨应用MIPPO技术治疗胫骨远端骨折的临床应用及疗效。方法2006年5月～2008年1月运用MIPPO技术使用锁定加压钢板治疗45例胫骨远端骨折，男30例，女15例，其中开放性骨折11例，闭合性骨折34例，累及关节面13例。15例骨折闭合复位，30例骨折有限切开复位。结果45例均获随访6～15个月，平均12月，1例闭合复位骨不愈合，重新切开复位植骨后愈合，6例胫骨远端骨折延迟愈合，余均骨性愈合，平均愈合4．2月，按Johner-Wruhs评分标准，优30例，良13例，中2例。优良率93．3％。结论应用MIPPO技术锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折创伤小，能减低对骨折处血运的干扰，提高骨折愈合率，是治疗胫骨远端骨折的理想的方法。     

外固定支架结合关节镜治疗跟骨Sanders II~IV型骨折41例

目的观察撬拨复位外固定支架+关节镜下跟骨关节面撬拨整复(植骨)克氏针简单内固定治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效,探讨该方法治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折的优点和不足。方法对41例(46足)跟骨粉碎性骨折病人接受撬拨复位外固定支架+关节镜下跟骨关节面撬拨整复(或植骨)克氏针简单内固定治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折。结果术后其疗效按Maryland足部评分标准,优31足,良11足,可4足,优良率90.1%。结论利撬拨复位外固定支架+关节镜下跟骨关节面撬拨整复(植骨)克氏针简单内固定治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折疗效满意,有手术创伤小、并发症少,不破坏骨折血运,对骨折愈合影响小,跟骨关节面复位理想等优点,且对伴有软组织损伤需多次手术治疗的患者更适合该方法。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964