川芎嗪对CCl4肝损伤的保护作用

观察川芎嗪对ＣＣｌ４诱导的大鼠实验性肝纤维化的保护作用。结果显示：川芎嗪组的ＬＰＯ较肝纤维化组明显降低，ＳＯＤ和蔼同，Ｚｎ含量增加，Ｆｅ和Ｃ含量无明显变化。光镜下川芎嗪组肝细胞轻度脂变和浊肿，胶元纤维增生和假小叶形成较小，无纤维再分隔现象。     

川芎嗪抗肝纤维化作用的实验研究

目的：研究川芎嗪抗实验性肝纤维化作用。方法：用四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）诱导大鼠肝纤维化，分正常对照组、模型组和川芎嗪组进行对比观察。结果：川芎嗪能显著降低ＣＣｌ４损伤的大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶、丙二醛、透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原及肝组织中丙二醛水平，提高肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性，减轻肝组织胶原纤维增生程度。结论：川芎嗪具有保护肝细胞、抗脂质过氧化及抗肝纤维化作用。     

川芎嗪阻抑大鼠肝纤维化作用实验研究

目的 研究川芎嗪对大鼠肝纤维化的阻抑作用。方法 用CCl诱发大鼠肝纤维化，于第4周、第8周末取材。采用病理学、放射免疫学、生物化学、免疫组织化学技术检测相关指标的差异。结果 第4周、第8周末川芎嗪干预组大鼠肝组织纤维化程度、血清透明质酸浓度、血清中一氧化氮含量、肝组织中desmin染色阳性细胞面积低于肝纤维化组，差异显著；肝组织胶原蛋白含量低于肝纤维化组，第4周末差异显著。第8周末差异不显著。结论 川芎嗪具有一定的阻抑肝纤维化及降低血清一氧化氮水平作用。     

活血化瘀方药治疗大鼠肝纤维化的组织化学和血清学实验研究

为了探讨活血化瘀方药防治肝纤维化的机理，以猪血清诱发大鼠免疫性肝纤维化为模型，以肝组织ＣＣＯ的活性、血清ＧＰＴ的含量等为观察内容，实验分正常、模型、预防和治疗４组。结果证明：活血化瘀方药有较显著的抗肝纤维化的作用，预防效果尤为明显。     

灯盏花对实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清和肝匀浆中透明质酸和层粘蛋白 …

目的 观察灯盏花对实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清和肝匀浆中透明质酸和层粘蛋白含量的影响，探讨灯盏花有无抗肝纤维化作用。方法 用四氯化碳制成实验性肝纤维化造模大鼠，部分使用灯盏花注射液腹腔注射，分期分批处死大鼠，采用放免法，分别测定血清和肝匀浆中透明质酸和层粘蛋白含量。结果 灯盏花治疗组大鼠血清及肝匀浆中透明质酸和层粘蛋白含量较单纯造模大鼠含量为低，且差异显著。结论 灯盏花能抑制四氯化碳所致大鼠肝纤维化的进     

参赤提取物对CCl4致大鼠实验性肝纤维化的治疗作用

目的 观察中药参赤提取物对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用。方法 采用皮下注射四氯化碳（carbon tetrachloride，CCl4）诱导实验性大鼠肝纤维化模型。造模后，给予大鼠胃饲参赤提取物，以观察参赤提取物对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用。结果 参赤提取物可使实验性肝纤维化大鼠血清中TP、ALB含量显著升高；ALT、AST、HA、LN、PC Ⅲ及IVC水平均有明显改善（P〈0．05）。病理学检查结果显示，参赤提取物治疗组肝纤维化比模型组有显著改善。结论 参赤提取物对CCl4所致的实验性大鼠肝纤维化具有良好的治疗作用。     

促肝细胞生长素对小鼠肝纤维化的影响

用四氯化碳致小鼠肝纤维化，分别用促肝细胞生长素（ＰＨＧＴ）和复方丹参注射液进行实验治疗，结果显示，实验治疗组病理显示肝细胞变性坏死轻，胶原纤维形成减少，肝细胞再生显著，和复方丹参注射液组相比，无显著差异，透明质酸检测肝纤维化模型组含量明显高于治疗线，而治疗组和对照组相比，无显著差异，提示ＰＨＧＴ有抗肝纤维化作用，ＰＨＧＴ对小鼠肝纤维化作用的影响主要是肝细胞得到较了的保护，减轻ＣＣＬ４造成的肝细胞损     

牛磺酸对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的预防作用

目的：研究牛磺酸对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的影响。方法：连续静脉注射牛血清白蛋白以制备大鼠肝纤维化模型，用比色法测定羟脯氨酸的含量，用直接红对石蜡切片中的胶原进行特异染色。结果：肝纤维化模型组中，肝的羟脯氨酸含量及肌成纤维细胞数量明显高于空白对照组，肝切片中胶原的沉积亦明显多于空白对照组。给予２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的牛磺酸可明显降低肝的羟脯氨酸含量及肌成纤维细胞数量，肝切片中胶原的沉积亦明显减轻。结论：牛磺酸对大鼠实验性肝纤维化具有保护作用。     

脑益嗪对大鼠肝纤维化肝透明质酸、羟脯氨酸及N－乙酰－β－氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响

用四氯化碳（ＣＣＬ４）造成大鼠肝纤维化，发现钙拮抗剂Ｃｉｎ能明显降低大、中剂量早期治疗组和大剂量晚期治疗组肝ＨＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）；大剂量Ｃｉｎ使早期治疗组肝Ｈｙｐ含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），晚期治疗组肝总β－ＮＡＧ活性下降。实验提示，Ｃｉｎ在某些生化指标上反映出对肝纤维化有一定防治效果，尤其在肝纤维化的早期，应用Ｃｉｎ可望获得延缓或阻止肝纤维化发展的作用。     

结缔组织生长因子在实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中细胞来源及其表达的研究

目的动态观察结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中的细胞来源及其表达并分析其在肝纤维化发生发展过程中的意义。方法雌性Wistar大鼠38只,随机分为健康对照组(6只)和模型组,模型组随机分为1、2、4、6周组(每组各8只)。各组动物按设计在实验结束时,用乙醚麻醉,在无菌无热源条件下,进行腹主动脉采血和肝组织取材进行病理学观察。采用原位杂交和Western-blot技术手段动态检测CTGF在各组肝组织中的细胞来源及表达。结果肝纤维化大鼠CTGF细胞来源及其表达水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05),并与肝纤维化的程度呈正相关。结论在实验性肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中CTGF的表达水平明显上调,表明CTGF在肝纤维化发生发展过程中有重要的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.