52例缺血性结肠炎临床诊治分析

目的 探讨缺血性结肠炎(IC)的临床表现及内镜特点,进一步提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析1999年6月至2009年8月52例IC患者的临床表现及内镜所见的相关资料.结果 本组病例中,38例(73.08%)患有血管相关性疾病,临床表现主要为急性腹痛、腹泻、便血三联征.内镜所见:病变部位主要发生在乙状结肠35例(67....     

Dengue fever mimicking acute appendicitis: A case report

INTRODUCTIONDengue fever is an acute viral disease, which usually presents as a mild febrile illness. Patients with severe disease present with dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue toxic shock syndrome. Rarely, it presents with abdominal symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis. We present a case of a male patient presenting with right iliac fossa pain and suspected acute appendicitis that was later diagnosed with dengue fever following a negative appendicectomy.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 13-year old male patient presented with fever, localized right-sided abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound was not helpful and appendicectomy was performed due to worsening abdominal signs and an elevated temperature. A normal appendix with enlarged mesenteric nodes was found at surgery. Complete blood count showed thrombocytopenia with leucopenia. Dengue fever was now suspected and confirmed by IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against dengue virus.DISCUSSIONThis unusual presentation of dengue fever mimicking acute appendicitis should be suspected during viral outbreaks and in patients with atypical symptoms and cytopenias on blood evaluation in order to prevent unnecessary surgery.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights the occurrence of abdominal symptoms and complications that may accompany dengue fever. Early recognition of dengue fever mimicking acute appendicitis will avoid non-therapeutic operation and the diagnosis may be aided by blood investigations indicating a leucopenia, which is uncommon in patients with suppurative acute appendicitis.     

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: case report and review of the literature

Splenic marginal zone lymphomas are rare tumors which take origin from the B cells. More common in the elderly, often asymptomatic, they can present with abdominal pain, splenomegaly and cytopenia and have an indolent clinical course. We describe a case of a women 79 years old who presented with abdominal pain, fever and splenomegaly. Computed tomography demonstrated splenomegaly with an area of low density in the spleen. Only by laparotomy and splenectomy the correct diagnosis was possible. Because of the indolent course of this kind of lymphomas, splenectomy is the main treatment for patients with abdominal pain, splenomegaly and cytopenia. If there is no pain and no cytopenia, the treatment can be only wait and see. Only in case of progression of disease chemotherapy can be employed.     

Familial Mediterranean fever in Mexico City. A 20-year follow-up

Familial Mediterranean fever (MFF) is an autosomic recessive, inherited inflammatory disease principally seen in persons from the Mediterranean area. Clinical findings include fever, abdominal pain, and pleuritis. The most severe complication of MFF is renal amyloidosis, manifested as nephrotic syndrome, which evolves into chronic renal failure. In this study, we described clinical findings, evolution, and response to treatment in 52 patients diagnosed with MFF living in Mexico City in whom the most important clinical features were fever and abdominal pain. Differing from previous reported series of patients from the Mediterranean area, patient developed renal amyloidosis during the 20-year follow-up, which suggests that an environmental factor might have a significant influence in development of renal amyloidosis.     

Infected urachal cysts: a review of 10 cases

Disorders of urachal remnants are uncommon. While a urachal cyst usually is asymptomatic, infection may mimic a variety of acute intra-abdominal or pelvic processes. We describe 10 patients in 2 distinct age groups (the young child and the young adult) with an infected urachal cyst. The presenting symptoms and signs in most patients included dysuria, severe lower abdominal pain and fever. In 7 patients the correct preoperative diagnosis was made. Diagnoses at referral included Crohn's disease, bladder carcinoma and pelvic inflammatory disease. A single procedure was performed in 7 cases and a staged technique was used in 3. The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal and pelvic pain or a midline lower abdominal mass in the pediatric or young adult age group should include infection of a urachal remnant.     

Outcomes of Canakinumab Treatment in Recipients of Kidney Transplant With Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Case Series

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an important and preventable cause of chronic kidney disease due to secondary amyloidosis. Although colchicine is the first-line therapy in patients with FMF with 60% to 65% complete remission rates, 5% to 10% of patients are colchicine-resistant and 5% to 10% of them are intolerant to the therapy. Anti–interleukin-1 agents, such as anakinra and canakinumab, are safe and efficient therapeutic options in patients with colchicine resistance or intolerance. However, the data on management of these targeted agents is limited in recipients of kidney transplant (RKT). In this case series, we aim to share our experience on canakinumab therapy of 4 RKTs with FMF-related amyloidosis, who were followed up in our clinic between 2010 and 2017. All of the 4 patients with end-stage renal disease were colchicine- resistant and on other alternative therapies, which provided poor disease control. For efficient control of secondary amyloidosis, canakinumab therapy was initiated in 1 of the patients before the renal transplant, and for the remaining patients after renal transplant. Any serious adverse effect, development of proteinuria, or graft dysfunction has not been observed in any of the patients. Under the canakinumab treatment, complete clinical responses, prevent typical familial Mediterranean fever attacks with fever and arthritis and abdominal pain, normalized serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein levels were achieved in all patients. Canakinumab treatment is a safe and effective therapeutic option for RKTs with FMF who are resistant or intolerant to colchicine and anakinra.     

Value of the nitroblue tetrazolium dye test in surgical patients

The in vitro reduction of NBT dye by polymorphonuclear cells was tested for use as an additional means for determining the presence of bacterial sepsis in forty general surgical patients. In four surgical settings the NBT dye test proved valuable: (1) in defining the presence of postoperative septic complications; (2) in distinguishing among bacterial, viral, and malignant causes of abdominal pain; (3) in differentiating between fever caused by sepsis and that caused by metastatic disease in cancer patients; (4) in evaluating the effect of surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment in septic surgical patients. This test was performed easily by physicians and technicians and was reproducible.     

Portal vein thrombosis. A multifactorial clinical entity

Portal vein thrombosis usually appears in the course of acute abdominal septic complications or after splenectomy, though in 50% of cases no aetiological factors can be identified. In our department we recently treated two patients affected by portal vein thrombosis, the first after splenectomy for haematological disease, and the second after sigmoid diverticulitis. When portal vein thrombosis occurs after splenectomy for haematological reasons, the increased viscosity of the blood due to thrombocytosis is the main factor regarded as being the cause. In the first case, acute abdominal pain appeared 15 days after splenectomy and the diagnosis was suspected and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. The clinical course in the second case was less typical, because, although the sigmoid diverticular disease was known, the symptomatology presented with high fever but no clear subjective or objective abdominal picture. The diagnosis was achieved by computed tomography. The clinical picture may vary greatly but usually abdominal pain, fever and intestinal ischaemia are present. Nowadays the diagnosis has improved as a result of the extensive use of Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography. Fibrinolytic therapy and acetylsalicylic acid are the treatment of choice and in our experience the clinical picture tends to clear up rapidly. When the patient presents a number of risk factors, prophylaxis of portal vein thrombosis should be planned.     

Surgical aspects of periodic disease abdominal paroxysms

Thorough investigation of abdomenalgia symptoms in 220 patients allowed to reveal a number of peculiarities of the periodic disease (PD) promoting the correct diagnosis. The case history data, pain localization, fever and great potentialities of diagnostic laparoscopy carried on during the acute paroxysm of the abdominal form of PD are of great significance. The differential diagnosis of PD acute paroxysm and urgent pathology of the organs of the abdominal cavity are considered by the author to be possible when using diagnostic laparoscopy in difficult situations.     

腹腔镜对腹部疑难疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨腹腔镜对长期腹水、腹痛、低热、腹部包块等疑难腹部疾病患诊断价值。方法 对46例采取腹腔镜探查，抽取腹水、活检术进行诊断。结果 46例均得到明确诊断并得到及时有效的治疗。结论 腹腔镜探查术可作为腹部疑难疾病诊断的有效方法。     

Uncommon cause of pneumoperitoneum

Free intraperitoneal air is thought to be pathognomonic for perforation of a hollow viscus. Here, we present a patient with pain in the upper left quadrant, a mild fever and leukocytosis. Free air was suggested under the left diaphragm but during the explorative laparotomy no signs of gastric or diverticular perforation were seen. Further exploration and revision of the computed tomography revealed a perforated splenic abscess. Splenic abscesses are a rare clinical entity. Presenting symptoms are often non-specific and include upper abdominal pain, recurrent or persistent fever, nausea and vomiting, splenomegaly, leukocytosis and left lower chest abnormalities. Predisposing conditions can be very divergent and include depressed immunosuppressed state, metastatic or contiguous infection, splenic infarction and trauma. Splenic abscess should therefore be considered in a patient with fever, left upper abdominal pain and leukocytosis. Moreover, our case shows that splenic abscess can present in an exceptional way without clear underlying aetiology and should even be considered in the presence of free abdominal air.     

Multiple giant diverticula of the jejunum causing intestinal obstruction: report of a case and review of the literature

Multiple diverticulosis of jejunum represents an uncommon pathology of the small bowel. The disease is usually asymptomatic and must be taken into consideration in cases of unexplained malabsorption, anemia, chronic abdominal pain or discomfort. Related complications such as diverticulitis, perforation, bleeding or intestinal obstruction appear in 10-30% of the patients increasing morbidity and mortality rates. We herein report a case of a 55 year-old man presented at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. Preoperative radiological examination followed by laparotomy revealed multiple giant jejunal diverticula causing intestinal obstruction. We also review the literature for this uncommon disease.     

Familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited multisystem disease manifested by painful, febrile attacks affecting the chest, abdomen, joints, and skin. No simple studies confirm the presence of FMF, contributing to the difficulty in diagnosis. A 10-year-old boy initially presented with a diffuse rash and complaints of bilateral joint pain of the hips, knees, and ankles and pain of the right shoulder. The child responded to daily naproxen. One year later, he continued to complain of hip, knee, ankle, and bilateral wrist pain. He also reported mild to moderate recurrent abdominal discomfort. Omeprazole provided intermittent relief. The patient continued to experience episodes of joint and abdominal pain. Two and a half years after he first presented, FMF was considered. In the second case, a 51-year-old man presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever, cough, and abdominal and joint pain. Fever, joint pain, and swelling decreased during the next few days. The patient was maintained on colchicine, with complete resolution of joint pain complaints during the next few days. Colchicine, 1 to 2 mg per day taken continuously during flare and quiescent periods, is the treatment of choice for FMF. Colchicine reduced the severity and frequency of attacks and may also delay or prevent secondary amyloidosis.     

Recurrent liver abscess secondary to ingested fish bone migration: Report of a case

Pyogenic liver abscess is an unusual cause of fever and abdominal pain, but it is potentially fatal. It is rarely caused by a local event, but rather by hematogenous dissemination or biliary tract disease. We report an uncommon case of liver abscess caused by the migration of a fish bone through the gastrointestinal wall.     

Tramadol infusion for the pain management in sickle cell disease: a case report

We present the analgesic management of a 4-year-old child who suffered from severe abdominal and leg pain during his first vaso-occlusive crisis with sickle cell disease, diagnosed as beta/S disease when he was 1 year old. His mother and father were carriers of beta-thalassemia and hemoglobin S, respectively. He had an upper respiratory tract infection in which a vaso-occlusive crisis was precipitated. On admission to hospital, fever, severe abdominal and leg pain were noted. Hemoglobin was 4 g x dl(-1) with accompanying prominent reticulocytosis and acute spleen enlargement. These findings indicated a sequestration crisis as well as vaso-occlusive disease. He was transfused with packed red cells. Paracetamol (40-60 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) and ibuprofen (20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) were administered to relieve pain. The child experienced moderate to severe pain (Oucher score 60-80) despite nonopioid analgesics, so a tramadol infusion (0.25 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) was started. During the tramadol infusion no morphine was required, the intensity of pain gradually decreased (Oucher score 20) and the child was able to move his legs. At the end of 3 days splenomegaly regressed, no fever and pain were observed and the infusion was stopped. In conclusion, tramadol infusion i.v. (0.25 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) combined with nonopioids was effective to relieve moderate to severe pain due to vaso-occlusive crisis and can be recommended before using morphine in a pediatric sickle cell crisis.     

52例缺血性结肠炎临床诊治分析

目的 探讨缺血性结肠炎(IC)的临床表现及内镜特点,进一步提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析1999年6月至2009年8月52例IC患者的临床表现及内镜所见的相关资料.结果 本组病例中,38例(73.08%)患有血管相关性疾病,临床表现主要为急性腹痛、腹泻、便血三联征.内镜所见:病变部位主要发生在乙状结肠35例(67.31%),病变范围4～35 cm.结论 缺血性结肠炎急性发作时腹痛是其共同临床特点,内镜检查是诊断本病的有效方法.提高对该病的认识,特别是对伴有基础疾病者,应早期进行结肠镜检查,对尽快明确诊断有重要意义.     

Controversies in the management of a non-resolving peridiverticular colonic abscess

Diverticular disease of the large bowel is known to be associated with a variety of unusual complications. We report the case of a non-resolving peridiverticular colonic abscess in a 50-year-old male who presented with a three-week history of abdominal pain, low-grade fever and dysuria. MRI revealed sigmoid colon diverticulitis and a small abscess abutting the posterior urinary bladder wall. We also discuss management issues of Hinchey’s Class II disease.     

Retroperitoneal Castleman's disease presenting characteristic image finding

A 30-year-old woman was hospitalized in our institute with fever up and abdominal pain. Computerized tomography showed a retroperitoneal mass (8 cm in diameter) with arborizing calcification, which was enhanced homogeneously in the arterial phase. The operation was performed and parthological diagnosis revealed hyaline vascular type Castleman's disease. This characteristic calcification pattern is considered unique to Castleman's disease, and could be useful for future diagnosis.     

Colon ulceration and perforation in cyclic neutropenia

Cyclic Neutropenia is a rare hematologic disease in which regular episodes of severe neutropenia, usually accompanied by fever, mucous membrane ulceration, and abdominal pain and tenderness, recur at approximately 3-wk intervals.^1,2 A patient with this disease, who developed localized colon necrosis, peritonitis, and clostridial septicemia during a neutropenic period, was treated recently. Exteriorization of the colon prior to perforation allowed for staged elective resection subsequently and provided a unique opportunity to observe the cyclic formation of mucosal ulcerations in the large bowel. Although cyclic neutropenia is rarely accompanied by life-threatening infection, this case serves to emphasize the potential severity of such a complication. Furthermore, abdominal pain, should it occur, merits careful observation since unrecognized colon necrosis has been the cause of death in previously reported cases of this disease.^4,5     

Renal medullary carcinoma in a patient with sickle-cell disease

BACKGROUND: A 36-year-old black male with sickle-cell disease, asthma, and dyslipidemia presented with shortness of breath, chest pain, lethargy, and recent fever. Physical examination revealed mild respiratory distress. INVESTIGATIONS: Chest X-ray, CT, abdominal ultrasound, and MRI. DIAGNOSIS: Renal medullary carcinoma.