后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾细胞癌32例报告

目的：评价后腹腔镜肾部分切除术（RLPN）治疗T1a期肾细胞癌的安全性和临床效果.方法：回顾性分析32例行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术的T1a期肾细胞癌患者的临床资料.观察手术时间、术中出血量、热缺血时间、术后住院天数.结果：31例手术均顺利完成,1例术中出血较多转开放性手术.手术时间90～155 min（平均115 min）;热缺血时间15～34 min（平均23 min）;术中出血40～280 mL（平均105 mL）;术后住院8～l0d（平均9d）.术后1例发生漏尿.患者均康复出院.术后病理：肾透明细胞癌24例,嫌色细胞癌6例,乳头状癌2例.随访3～79个月,患者均未见肿瘤局部复发、远处转移及切口种植等.结论：后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾细胞癌安全可行,是≤4.0cm的Tta期肾细胞癌的首选治疗术式,值得在具备条件的医院临床推广.     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术39例报告

目的：总结腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾癌的手术方式和临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析39例行腹腔镜保留肾单位手术的T1期肾癌患者的临床资料,其中男23例,女16例,平均年龄53岁.肿瘤直径2.7～5.1 cm,平均3.6 cm.所有患者均行腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术.结果：39例手术均获成功,无术中、术后并发症.平均手术时间（125.8±34.6）min;平均热缺血时间（23.8±3.9） min;平均术中出血量（146.9±41.5） ml.术后病理为32例肾透明细胞癌,5例颗粒细胞癌,2例嗜酸性细胞瘤,切缘均阴性.34例患者获随访,随访2～32个月,平均11个月,无肿瘤局部复发和远处转移.结论：腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾癌安全可靠,短期随访效果肯定.     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术在早期肾肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的: 评估经后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术在早期肾细胞癌治疗中的可行性和临床疗效。方法: 对53例早期肾细胞癌患者实施后腹腔镜肾部分切除术。术前均行CT扫描和彩色超声检查,肿瘤直径最大不超过3 cm,且距离集合系统不小于10 mm。结果: 53例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术者。平均手术时间为96 (75~110) min;平均热缺血时间为15 (10~21) min,平均术中出血量70 (40~120) mL。术后平均住院4.2 (3~6) d。术中及术后无出血、漏尿等并发症。病理检查示1例患者肾透明细胞癌切缘阳性,余切缘均为阴性。平均随访39个月,所有患者未见肿瘤局部复发及转移。结论: 后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗早期肾肿瘤安全可行,并且可以获得良好的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾细胞癌83例分析

目的探讨T1a期肾细胞癌行腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的可行性及临床疗效。方法选择83例民期肾细胞癌患者行腹腔镜下肾部分切除术。肾动脉阻断,距肿瘤约0．5cm处,整块剪除肿瘤和部分肾实质及其表面的脂肪组织,分层缝合集合系统和肾实质,解除肾动脉阻断。观察手术时间、肾动脉阻断时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、肾功能、临床复发及转移情况。结果83例患者中2例因术中出血中转开放手术,其他病例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术。手术时间90～120min,平均105rain;热缺血时间25～40min,平均30min;术中出血40～120ml,均未输血。随访10～36个月,平均23个月,无继发出血,无漏尿,无肿瘤局部复发及远处转移,肾功能无异常。结论腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾细胞癌安全可行。     

腹腔镜下改良肾部分切除术治疗巨大囊性肾肿物

目的：探讨腹腔镜下联合吸引的改良肾部分切除术治疗巨大囊性肾肿物的疗效与安全性。方法：共收治11例巨大囊性肾肿物患者,肿瘤最大径60～130 mm,平均（83±23） mm,影像学检查诊断为Bosniak分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。术中在经腹膜后或经腹腔入路腹腔镜视野下操作,分离出肾动脉备用,并尽可能分离肿物表面,然后在菲薄处用针状吸引杆吸净囊液,并将针孔处密闭。进一步完整游离出肿瘤,阻断肾动脉,行肾部分切除术。采用双层连续缝合技术,缝合肾脏创面。收集患者围手术期资料及术后随访情况。结果：所有手术均顺利完成,无中转开放或根治。平均手术时间（162±42） min,平均热缺血时间（24.0±5.3） min,平均出血量（107±79） mL,术后平均住院时间（6.7±1.7） d。病理结果显示透明细胞肾细胞癌7例、乳头状肾细胞癌1例、黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎1例、良性复杂囊肿2例。术后中位随访时间21个月,无肿瘤复发或转移,肾功能情况良好。结论：腹腔镜下联合吸引的改良肾部分切除术治疗巨大囊性肾肿物的安全有效,适合以囊性成分为主、分隔较少的BosniakⅢ～Ⅳ级的病例。     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗早期肾肿瘤的临床疗效探析

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗早期肾肿瘤的临床疗效。方法选择我院早期肾肿瘤患者30例,对其采取后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术。结果本组均成功进行手术,未发生转开放手术情况。平均手术时间36.8±30.5min。其中28例只阻断肾动脉,热缺血时间24-43min;2例位于肾下极背侧的肿瘤患者未阻断肾蒂。术中平均出血量120.2±45.6ml。平均住院时间1.8±4.5d。本组患者均未出现漏尿、出血等并发症。经病理检查显示肾透明细胞癌25例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤5例,切缘均呈阴性。随访6-12个月,30例患者的肾功能均正常,未见肿瘤复发及转移迹象。结论后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗早期肾肿瘤效果确切,具有住院时间短、创伤小、恢复快等优点,保障了患者的就医质量。     

后腹腔镜下早期肾癌行肾部分切除术21例报告

目的：探讨后腹腔镜对早期肾癌行肾部分切除术的方法和疗效。方法：2003年7月至2007年6月采用后腹腔镜技术使用超声刀、电凝钩对21例早期肾癌患者行保留肾单位手术，肿瘤平均直径（2.8±0.8） cm (1.5~4.5 cm)。其中肾透明细胞癌17例，肾颗粒细胞癌3例，嗜酸性细胞癌1例。结果：21 例均完成后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术，平均手术时间（105±15）min，平均出血量（120±22） ml，4例患者术中平均输血400 ml。1例发生尿漏，引流量200～300 ml，术后15 d负压吸引小于20 ml后拔出。术后住院时间平均（9±2） d (7～17 d)。随访时间3~48个月，平均（20±4）个月，肿瘤无复发。结论：腹腔镜肾部分切除术是可行的，也是安全的。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾肿瘤手术

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下保留肾单位治疗肾肿瘤的方法。方法：后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾脏肿瘤患者12例,其中肾细胞癌6例,肾错构瘤6例。肿瘤直径2.0～3.7 cm,平均2.7 cm。结果：12例手术均成功,手术时间60～210 min,平均115 min。术中出血25～150 mL,平均106 mL。肾蒂血流阻断时间18～43 min,平均28 min。术后住院4～7 d,平均5.7 d。6例肾细胞癌术后切缘均为阴性。术后随访6～18个月,平均11.3个月,复查B超及CT未见肿瘤残留及复发,静脉尿路造影（IVU）提示患侧残肾显影良好。结论：后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾肿瘤手术,具有创伤小、出血少、住院时间短以及术后恢复快等优点,是替代开放手术治疗小的肾肿瘤的安全方法。     

腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾肿瘤切除术治疗47例肾细胞癌患者的短期随访分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾肿瘤切除术治疗肾细胞癌的疗效及对肾功能的影响。方法:选取我院治疗的肾细胞癌患者94例,根据手术方案不同分为两组,各47例。对照组采用腹腔镜根治性肾切除术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾肿瘤切除术治疗。统计对比两组手术相关指标(手术时间、术中失血量、肾脏平均缺血时间、术后引流量、住院时间)及复发、生存情况,并比较手术前后尿肌酐水平变化。结果:观察组手术时间、肾脏平均缺血时间、住院时间短于对照组,术中失血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);术后观察组尿肌酐水平较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);出院后随访12个月,两组均无复发病例,且两组生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论:腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾肿瘤切除术治疗肾细胞癌患者,可缩短手术时间、肾脏平均缺血时间及住院时间,减少术中失血量,且对肾功能影响较小。     

腹腔镜下不阻断肾蒂的肾部分切除术20例

目的探讨在腹腔镜下不阻断肾蒂对小体积的肾肿瘤行肾部分切除术的可行性和临床效果。方法收集2008年9月~2013年9月20例肾占位病例,采用不阻断肾蒂的小体积肾部分切除术。肿瘤直径2.2~3.5cm,平均2.95cm。结果 20例患者均成功手术,手术时间45~70min,平均时间65min;术后病理报告提示切缘均为阴性;术中出血30~100mL,平均75mL;术后平均住院时间为7.2d;20例患者随访至今,无一例出现肿瘤局部转移或复发。结论不阻断肾蒂的肾部分切除术安全有效,可以减少肾脏热缺血时间,并有利于患者的术后恢复。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.