系统性红斑狼疮患者行全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头坏死的疗效研究

背景:系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者行全髋关节置换术(THA)的安全性和有效性的报道较多,但SLE患者以青年女性为主,既往的对照研究难以匹配与SLE组患者生物学特征一致且样本量足够大的对照组。目的:进行匹配度较好的大样本研究,尽可能控制混杂因素,为SLE患者行THA手术治疗提供依据。方法:回顾性纳入2004年1月至2017年6月行THA治疗的100例SLE患者为SLE组,同期因创伤、饮酒等其他原因导致股骨头缺血性坏死(AVNFH)的100例患者为对照组,其性别、年龄、术侧、身高、体重、Ficat分期、随访时间皆匹配SLE组。结果:SLE组患者术后随访24~98个月,平均(57.5±31.5)个月;对照组患者术后随访31~128个月,平均(64.2±29.5)个月。SLE组患者与对照组比较,术前白蛋白、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、淋巴细胞计数较低,而红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较高。SLE组患者术后出现浅表伤口感染、深静脉血栓(DVT)和血肿形成的比率高于对照组(P=0.01),使用糖皮质激素是以上并发症的危险因素。两组患者均未出现感染、松动、脱位等其他并发症。对照组仅1例出现假体周围骨折。术前SLE组的Harris髋关节评分(HHS)和SF-12均低于对照组。末次随访时两组患者仅SF-12生理得分(PCS)差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。结论:疾病活动控制良好的SLE患者的THA术后功能良好,未发生感染、松动、脱位等严重并发症,仅短期并发症较多。短期并发症的危险因素包括罹患SLE和使用糖皮质激素。疾病活动控制良好的SLE患者行THA治疗AVNFH安全而有效。     

全髋关节置换术治疗青年系统性红斑狼疮合并股骨头缺血性坏死

<正>2015年9月～2017年12月,山东中医药大学第二附属医院骨科采用全髋关节置换术(THA)治疗4例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并股骨头缺血性坏死(AVNFH)患者,报道如下。1材料与方法1. 1病例资料本组4例(6髋),男3例,女1例,年龄24～35岁。患者SLE病程6～12年,均长期口服糖皮质激素。3例曾在4～6年前行大剂量激素冲击治疗,3例因病情稳定已停药约半年,1例术前仍小剂量口服甲泼尼龙16mg/d。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的人工全髋关节置…

本文报道了对２例系统性红斑狼疮合并晚期股骨头缺血坏死继发髋关节严重破坏患者施行的３侧人工全髋关节置换术，术后经１０个月以上的随访，疗效满意，未发生ＳＬＥ复发及任何并发症。作者认为对于ＳＬＥ２尤其是处于非活动期的患者，可采用人工全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死，并且可取得良好的近期疗效。平稳度过手术期的关键是内外科密切配合，共同进行围手术期处理。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并股骨头坏死全髋关节置换术的围手术期治疗

目的：探讨因系统性红斑狼疮（ SLE ）服用皮质类固醇糖皮质激素治疗导致股骨头缺血性坏死（ ANFH）行全髋关节置换术（ THA）患者的围手术期治疗,手术安全性和初步临床疗效。方法2010年3月到2015年1月,56例（72髋） SLE并发ANFH患者行THA手术,患者年龄20岁到47岁,平均32.6岁。围手术期予以补充激素治疗,规范预防感染、深静脉血栓和抗骨质疏松治疗。回顾性总结术后髋关节功能评价及并发症情况。结果40例患者行单侧髋关节置换,16例（32髋）分二期行髋关节置换。1例术后2年发现切口感染,其余均Ⅰ级愈合,临床症状及髋关节活动度均得到明显改善。5例术后第2～3天出现不明原因的低血糖、脱水和呕吐,考虑发生肾上腺皮质危象。随访3～48个月,平均24个月。随访期末：Harris髋关节功能评分平均（82.5±8.2）分,SF-36平均（67.2±6.9）分,与术前比较改善明显（P ＜0.05）。结论 SLE患者行THA治疗激素导致ANFH,如果做好围手术期治疗,手术安全、有效。     

人工全髋关节置换术的围手术期护理体会

目的探讨对人工全髋关节置换术患者实施围手术期精心护理的方法。方法回顾性分析对62例人工全髋关节置换术患者实施围手术期精心护理的临床资料。结果患者均顺利完成手术,住院时间12~38 d,平均(25.5±3.47)d。随访12~24个月,术后功能均恢复良好,未发生并发症病例。结论实施对人工全髋关节置换术患者围手术期精心护理可提高手术成功率,改善预后。     

微创人工全髋关节置换术在股骨头坏死的应用

目的：探讨微创全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的手术方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院自2008年1月至2012年12月行微创小切口全髋关节置换术治疗的60例股骨头缺血性坏死患者。记录术前、术后Harris评分、术中及术后出血量、手术时间和VAS评分评价临床效果,同时术后复查X线评估假体位置。结果60例患者均得到随访,时间18～50个月,平均26个月。术后切口均为I期愈合,无假体感染、脱位以及下肢深静脉血栓形成、神经损伤等并发症发生。术后1月及末次随访时髋关节Harris评分、VAS评分均显著优于术前（P〈0.05）;术后1月与末次随访时比较除Harris评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后随访X线片60例生物型假体均为骨长入稳定,末次随访时发现1例Brooker分级I级异位骨化病例,未予以处理。结论采用微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死创伤小,出血量少,临床恢复快及临床效果好等优势,但远期效果仍需进一步观察随访。     

肾移植后股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换的围手术期处理

目的探讨肾移植术后股骨头坏死（ANFH）行全髋关节置换（THA）术的围手术期处理。方法对4例肾移植术后ANFH患者（5髋）行THA治疗,分析手术时机、免疫抑制剂的使用和术中、术后相关治疗措施等。结果患者手术均获成功,术中、术后无并发症。4例均获随访,时间6~24个月。髋关节功能恢复较好,对移植肾无明显影响。结论肾移植术后ANFH行THA能有效解除髋部疼痛,只要围手术期处理得当,手术是安全可行的。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的人工全髋关节置换术(2例3髋报告)

本文报道了对２例系统性红斑狼疮（ｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｃｌｕｐｕｓｅｒｙｔｈｅｍａｔｏｓｕｓ，ＳＬＥ）合并晚期股骨头缺血坏死继发髋关节严重破坏患者施行的３侧人工全髋关节置换术，术后经１０个月以上的随访，疗效满意，未发生ＳＬＥ复发及任何并发症。作者认为对于ＳＬＥ患者尤其是处于非活动期的患者，可采用人工全髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死，并且可取得良好的近期疗效。平稳度过手术期的关键是内外科密切配合，共同进行围手术期处理。     

人工全髋关节置换术的围手术期整体护理

目的分析人工全髋关节置换术围术期整体护理效果。方法对46例接受人工全髋关节置换术的患者围术期间实施术前心理疏导、术后疼痛干预、康复功能锻炼指导、并发症的预防与观察等整体护理措施。结果 46例患者均成功完成手术,术后仅出现1例呼吸道感染,无压疮、下肢深静血栓形成等其他并发症发生。术后住院时间7~14 d,平均8.60 d。随访6~8个月,未发生关节僵硬、髋关节脱位等并发症。末次随访患髋Harris评分显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工全髋关节置换术患者多为老年人,实施围手术期整体护理能有效减少并发症的发生,缩短住院时间,提高患者术后恢复效果和生活质量。     

全髋关节置换术治疗创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死的效果

目的探讨全髋关节置换术治疗创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死的效果。方法选取2016-12—2018-02间在洛阳市第一中医院接受全髋关节置换术的38例创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死的患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组手术时间(65.9±7.4)min,术中出血量(183.5±24.8)mL。术后均获12个月随访,术后4周及末次随访时VAS评分及Harris髋关节评分均优于术前。随访期间出现下肢深静脉血栓形成2例(5.26%),未发生假体感染、脱位及坐骨神经损伤等其他并发症。结论全髋关节置换术治疗创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死,术后疼痛轻、并发症少、髋关节功能恢复效果好,可有效提高患者的生活质量。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并股骨头坏死行全髋关节置换术的特点及其并发症的防治

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗系统性红斑狼疮（SEE）合并股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）的临床特点、围手术期的处理、并发症的防治及早中期疗效。方法回顾性分析本组26例SLE合并中晚期ANFH行THA的患者,其中男1例,女25例,手术时年龄26—67岁,平均38．6岁;其中单髋置换11例,一期双髋置换15例。采用Harris评分和SF-36评分相结合的方法进行门诊随访。结果平均随访28个月,SF-36平均（67．2±6．9）分,Harris髋关节功能评分平均（91．6±5．4）分,优于术前的平均（42．6±9．3）分（t=4．73,P〈0．05）。X线显示假体位置均良好,无松动现象。共发生并发症4例,分别为1例关节脱位,1例大腿痛,1例股骨矩劈裂骨折,1例肾功能不全加重。结论THA能显著改善SLE合并中晚期ANFH患者的髋关节功能,提高生存质量。内外科医师密切合作制定围手术期的处理方案是提高疗效、预防并发症的关键。     

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head caused by steroid treatment in neurosurgery

Steroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a well known disease, but, there are few reports about the disease in neurosurgical patients. In the neurosurgical field, the use of steroids has become prevalent since the 1960's. Recently, the adverse effect of steroids and the limitation of its effect have been highlighted, but its use against neurosurgical diseases is still a common treatment to prevent cerebral edema or to counteract hypo-pituitarism caused by hypophyseal lesions. We reviewed 250 patients of avascular necrosis treated between 1985 and 1997 in our institute. Within these patients, 11 (4.4%) were treated with steroid during neurosurgical treatment. Six patients were treated for brain tumors near hypophyseal lesions, and 5 patients were treated for head injury or cerebro-vascular disease. It is concluded that total steroid dose over 5000 mg such as hydrocortisone may become a high risk for causing avascular necrosis of the femoral had in neurosurgical disease, and it may occur even with the supplemental steroid treatment against hypo-pituitarism. The onset is usually 2 or 3 years after the neurosurgical treatment, when neurosurgical care is no longer needed. Therefore, it tends to be ignored in the neurosurgical field. The treatments against avascular necrosis of the femoral head were femoral head osteotomy or conservative management, and good results were obtained. Early diagnosis and early treatment is essential. Further consideration concerning steroid treatment in neurosurgical patients may be required.     

Natural history of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus

Clinical and radiographic studies were performed on 228 hips of 145 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH). The patients were divided into three groups: group A consisted of 33 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had been treated with systemic corticosteroids (59 hips); group B consisted of 41 patients with a history of corticosteroid treatment, excluding patients with SLE (69 hips); and group C consisted of 71 patients with no history of corticosteroid use (100 hips). Of the 228 hips, 80 hips at an early stage of the necrosis, but not showing collapse, were selected and classified by the criteria of the Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) to define the natural history of the disease. In the SLE patients (group A), there was a predisposition to bilateral involvement and multiple sites of bone necrosis. Eighty percent of the femoral heads followed at an early stage had collapsed at the end of the follow-up, the incidence of collapse in group A being higher than that in the other groups. The collapses in group A were predominantly types 1C, 2, and 3B according to the JIC criteria. The incidence of collapse was significantly lower in type 1A and type 3A than in the other types. The classification proposed by the JIC, in terms of types with regard to size and location of the necrotic area on antero-posterior radiographs, was very useful for evaluation of the risk of collapse as well as for selecting appropriate treatment modalities, either conservative or surgical, during the early stages of ANFH.     

激素型股骨头坏死的发病机制研究

目的 探讨皮质激素引起的股骨头坏死的发生机制。方法 利用新西兰大白兔制成实验性激素性股骨头坏死的动物模型。通过血脂化验及对肝，股骨头标本病理切片的透射电镜检查，动态观察其坏死过程。结果 血脂升高与时间呈正相关，实验组骨细胞脂变，坏死，电镜下见细胞外脂质增多，继而发生细胞内脂质沉积，细胞粒浓度，碎裂，溶解等细胞坏死现象，结论皮质激素的使用能引起体内脂代谢紊乱，高脂血症及肝脂变，继之出现股骨头内骨细胞     

全髋置换术治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死

目的评价全髋置换术(THA)治疗不同原因引起的晚期(Ficat Ⅲ、Ⅳ)股骨头缺血性坏死(AVN)的疗效.方法41例(55髋)行初次生物型全髋置换术患者(男24例,女17例,平均年龄48.5岁)分为两组,第1组为无系统性疾病组(包括创伤后和特发性的股骨头AVN),共17髋,第2组为有系统性疾病组(乙醇中毒、服用类固醇激素、镰状红细胞性贫血引起的股骨头AVN),共38髋.两组随访时间、体重、Ficat分期和所用的假体差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).采用Harris髋评分系统评估临床疗效,连续的X线观察评估股骨侧假体的移位与稳定性.结果38例52髋获得随访,第1组平均随访时间(40.0±7.5)个月,第2组平均随访时间(38.0±6.6)个月.术后Harris评分平均为(86.8±9.4)分,其中优30髋,良9髋,一般10髋,差3髋;第1组平均(91.6±8.9)分,第2组(84.4±10.1)分,差异有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05).股骨侧假体平均下沉(2.55±1.23)mm,第1组(1.75±1.43)mm,无一例因无菌性松动行股骨侧假体柄翻修,第2组(2.63±1.11)mm,6例(8髋)因无菌性松动行股骨侧假体柄的翻修,两组股骨侧假体平均下沉差异有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论全髋置换术是治疗晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法,特发性或创伤后股骨头缺血性坏死的术后效果好于由类固醇、乙醇、镰状红细胞贫血引起的股骨头缺血性坏死,对后者应进行严密的监测,以便及早进行手术干预.     

姑息性手术治疗系统性红斑狼疮并发股骨头缺血性坏死

目的评价姑息性手术治疗系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）并发股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）的疗效。方法采用姑息性手术治疗SLE并发ANFH患者6例11髋（另外1髋行了全髋置换术）,选取同期6例ANFH分期大致相近的激素性（非SLE）患者作为对照。结果治疗组11髋总有效为9髋,其中优良为6髋;另外2髋疼痛有所减轻,但X线显示坏死区扩大,所植骨逐渐被吸收。对照组12髋总有效12髋,其中优良为8髋。结论从近期疗效来看,姑息性手术治疗SLE并发ANFH疗效基本满意。     

Cementless hip arthroplasty in the treatment of patients with femoral head necrosis

Treatment of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head focuses on pain relief and improved function of the hip. Total hip arthroplasty remains an effective tool for the treatment of patients with end-stage osteonecrosis with collapse of the femoral head, although there is a greater risk for failure. The aim of the current study was to assess the long-term survival of cementless total hip arthroplasties in 28 patients (36 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (Steinberg Stage V and Stage VI) with an average followup of 11.2 years (range, 10-15 years). There were 19 women and nine men with an average age of 51.4 years (range, 28-65 years). A threaded titanium cup CST (Conical Screwed Titanium) was used in all patients and different cementless femoral components were used depending on the optimal fit in the femoral canal as assessed during preoperative templating. No serious complications were encountered postoperatively. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scale. After cementless total hip arthroplasty, the average pain score improved 3.6 points, walking ability improved 1.6 points, and range of motion improved 1 point. Two patients had thigh pain. Radiographic evaluation on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the proximal femur was excellent in 10 hips postoperatively. No heterotropic ossification was observed, although proximal femoral atrophy was seen in 15 hips. Clinical and radiologic findings did not correlate. There were two revisions of the acetabular implants in one patient with bilateral idiopathic osteonecroses and total hip replacement. Overall, survival of the prostheses was 93.4% at the average followup of 11.2 years.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting primarily young women. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head produces significant morbidity in these patients. The clinical and radiographic results of 33 total hip arthroplasties (THA) in 25 patients were studied. The Hospital for Special Surgery hip rating was good or excellent in all surviving index primary hip arthroplasties at a median follow-up of 47 months. Overall survival probability was 94.6% at 5 years and 81.8% at 9 years using survivorship analysis. Perioperative morbidity was minimal. Total hip arthroplasty using contemporary techniques and current management protocols can provide reliable functional improvement in patients with osteonecrosis secondary to SLE.