经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的:观察经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutanous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法:2007年10月～2009年4月收治骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者106例,其中61例82个椎体接受PVP治疗,男21例29个椎体,女40例53个椎体,年龄65～96岁,平均78.3岁;45例55个椎体接受PKP治疗,男17例21个椎体,女28例34个椎体,年龄68～90岁,平均77.1岁。术前及术后1d进行疼痛视觉类比评分(VAS),测量伤椎高度,随访伤椎高度丢失情况,记录骨水泥渗漏及随访期间邻近椎体骨折情况。结果:PVP组术前和术后1d VAS分别为6.7±1.4分和2.1±0.7分,PKP组分别为6.9±1.2分和2.2±0.9分,每组术后VAS与术前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),同时间点组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。PVP组55例、PKP组41例获得随访,随访时间为12～36个月,平均18个月。PVP组和PKP组术后伤椎高度分别较术前增加2.4±1.8mm和9.2±2.2mm,术后12个月随访伤椎高度分别丢失0.8±0.5mm和1.9±0.8mm,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。PVP组术中骨水泥渗漏28例33个椎体,PKP组15例17个椎体,PKP组骨水泥渗漏率明显低于PVP组(P<0.05)。随访期间PVP组发生相邻椎体骨折9例,PKP组6例,两组相邻椎体骨折发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:PVP和PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的止痛效果均较好;PKP的复位效果优于PVP,较少发生骨水泥渗漏,但术后椎体高度再次丢失较明显;两者术后相邻椎体骨折发生率无明显差异。     

经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折疗效分析

目的 观察经皮椎体成形术( Percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(Percutanous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效、可行性、安全性.方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年12月收治重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者并获得随访34例,PVP治疗19例25个椎体,PKP治疗15例20个椎体.观察两组患者间SF-36评分、伤椎高度恢复、骨水泥渗漏及随访期间伤椎高度丢失情况、临近椎体骨折情况.结果 PVP组和PKP组患者在术中骨水泥渗漏率、末次随访时SF-36评分、末次随访时临近椎体骨折发生率间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在椎体复位效果的观察指标上,PKP组术后椎体前缘间、椎体上下终板中心间高度恢复量、术后后凸角度恢复值、末次随访后凸角度恢复值上与PVP组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同时在末次随访时PKP组伤椎高度丢失量与PVP组差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PVP和PKP治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折均可显著改善患者症状,PKP具有较好的复位效果,但术后椎体高度丢失明显,在骨水泥渗漏率、相邻椎体骨折发生率指标上相对于PVP未表现出明显优越性.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床应用

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法采用PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折27例(46椎)。结果17例(28椎)术中有典型的疼痛复制,8椎发生骨水泥渗漏,未引起临床症状。术后疼痛均明显缓解。术后椎体前缘、中缘、后缘高度及Cobb角与术前相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。未发现与手术有关的并发症。结论PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折可以有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,疗效满意。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折中穿刺活检的价值

目的评价椎体压缩性骨折患者行椎体后凸成形术（PKP）时,穿刺活检测定未预料的恶性肿瘤的发生率。方法回顾性分析我院PKP术中穿刺所得的活检样本,2003年1月至2010年7月行PKP治疗椎体压缩性骨折患者216例,男60例,女156例,年龄36～92岁,平均68.4岁。其中有恶性疾病病史者9例,术中共取活检标本249个,由资深病理科医师对标本进行评价。结合患者病史、术前术后症状、病理结果及影像学资料综合分析。结果所有患者压缩性骨折获得治愈,疼痛缓解,症状消失,未出现有症状的并发症。204例病理结果符合压缩性骨折的诊断,表明了骨折愈合的不同阶段。9例有恶性疾病病史患者中,6例确诊为转移性肿瘤,3例活检时未发现恶性病变。另3例患者之前未诊断为恶性疾病病理结果显示恶性。结论 PKP术中常规取活检并不会增加手术风险,但能证实潜在的压缩性骨折的病理过程。本研究中未预料到的恶性肿瘤发生率为1.4%,我们推荐在PKP治疗椎体压缩性骨折中常规取病理活检。     

经皮椎体强化术后新发椎体压缩骨折的发生率及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨经皮椎体强化术后新发椎体压缩骨折的发生率及其相关因素。方法:2007年7月1日～2009年6月30日因骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折行椎体强化术治疗150例患者。其中128例患者未出现新发骨折,为A组;另外22例患者出现新发骨折,为B组。观察指标包括患者年龄、性别、骨密度、术前已存在的骨折椎体个数、椎体强化术治疗的椎体个数、已有骨折的部位、骨折椎体的严重程度、平均骨水泥注入量、椎体强化术的方式(PVP或PKP)、骨水泥渗漏、新发骨折的部位、新发骨折间期。结果:全部150例患者经至少12个月的随访,出现新发骨折的患者其术前存在的平均骨折椎体个数及平均强化的椎体个数较多(P<0.05)。而年龄、性别、骨密度、骨折椎体的严重程度、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏在A组和B组患者间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。行PVP治疗的患者新发骨折的发生率高于行PKP治疗的患者(P<0.05)。结论:术前存在的椎体骨折个数及平均强化椎体个数是术后新发骨折的危险因素。与PVP相比,PKP术后新发骨折的发生率较低。     

骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体后凸成形术与保守治疗比较

[目的]探讨骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体内空腔形成后椎体后凸成形术和保守治疗的疗效。[方法]2007年6月~2013年2月对84例无神经症状的骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体内空腔形成患者分为两组,椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗组42例,保守组42例。治疗后6、12个月评估疼痛程度(VAS),椎体畸形指数,椎体前-后高度比值及其恢复率和活动能力。[结果]PKP组无患者发生感染、肺栓塞等并发症,14例患者轻度骨水泥渗漏,包括6例椎体前、4例椎间盘内、4例椎管内,但均无临床症状。84例随访12~24个月,平均22.1月。术后12个月时,PKP组VAS(0.88±0.59)分,显著低于保守组(2.52±0.83)分(P=0.001);但PKP组活动能力评级高于保守组,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。此外,PKP组畸形指数(1.41±0.18),显著低于保守组(1.72±0.11)(P<0.001);PKP组椎体前后高度比为(71.96±18.20)%,保守组为(49.94±6.13)%,PKP组椎体高度恢复率为+16.15%,显著高于保守组(-24.28%)(P<0.001)。[结论]与保守治疗比较,经椎弓根椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体爆裂骨折椎体内空腔形成在疼痛缓解、椎体畸形恢复上更加有效。     

椎体成形术研究最新进展

自1987年Galibert等首次报道经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗椎体血管瘤;2001年,Garfin等率先报道经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP;balloon kyphoplasty,KP、BKP;sky kyphoplasty,SK)以来,PVP和PKP被广泛应用于骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折及部分肿瘤导致的椎体骨折的治疗。经过20多年的临床应用,部分学者对椎体成形术有效性产生质疑,有些学者就如何提高椎体成形术疗效,减少并发症,进行了一系列研究,现就相关进展进行综述。     

椎体后凸成形术和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折疗效的对比研究

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术（percutaneou8kyphoplasty,PKP）和椎体成形术（percutaneousvertebroplasty,PVP）在治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折中的应用。方法共562例骨质疏松性椎体骨折,采用PVP治疗256例,PKP治疗306例。统计分析手术前后视觉模拟疼痛评分（vAS）、SF-36评分系统、伤椎高度及后凸畸形的X线片测量。结果患者获随访6。12个月,术后症状缓解,无神经损伤,骨水泥渗漏并发症2组比较差异无统计学意义fP〉0．05）。2组手术前后VAS和SF-36评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;PKP组术前与术后1周、6个月椎体高度恢复率、椎体后凸角度改善率与PVP组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;PKP组的术后12个月和术后6个月的椎体压缩率、后凸角度比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论PVP与PKP均可显著缓解椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,PKP矫正椎体高度及改善后凸畸形比PVP好;骨水泥渗漏发生率2组相当。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗后壁破裂的骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗后壁破裂的骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法本组31例均CT证实为后壁破裂的椎体骨折,接受PKP手术,损伤节段为T11~T4共31个椎体。结果本组获得随访12~26个月,平均17个月。31例均成功实施手术,6例出现骨水泥渗漏,无经后壁向椎管内渗漏病例,疼痛视觉评分(VAS)评分,Oswestry功能障碍评分(ODI),椎体前、中柱高度,Cobb角,伤椎楔形角,在术前与术后2 d、末次随访时比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于后壁破裂的骨质疏松性椎体骨折,PKP是一种可以选择的治疗方式。     

椎体裂隙征与经皮椎体后凸成形术后手术椎体再骨折及相关因素分析

目的 分析经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）术后手术椎体再骨折的危险因素并分析其可能的发生机制。方法 将自2010-01-2012-07收治的72例单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折采用PKP治疗的患者纳入研究,根据术后手术椎体是否发生再骨折将患者分为再骨折组和非再骨折组。结果 所有患者获得随访12-42个月,平均24.5个月。随访期内共发生手术椎体再骨折15.3%（11/72）,2组仅椎体裂隙征和骨质疏松骨密度T值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而性别、年龄、体重、骨水泥注入量、术前Cobb角、椎体前缘高度丧失值及术后椎体前缘高度恢复率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 椎体裂隙征和骨质疏松可能与PKP术后手术椎体再骨折有关。     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的手术治疗

目的探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核的临床疗效。方法2002年3月至2005年3月,对21例相隔一个正常椎体的跳跃性胸腰椎椎体结核患者施行前路病灶清除植骨融合椎体钉棒内固定治疗,植骨采用自体髂骨-肋骨或钛网-肋骨植骨。男14例,女7例;年龄22～67岁,平均43岁。病变范围：T4～L3,胸椎12例,胸腰段6例,腰椎3例。两处跳跃病变破坏2个椎体1例、3个椎体7例、4个椎体10例;三处跳跃病变破坏5个椎体2例,6个椎体1例。病变节段后凸角：胸椎30°～50°,胸腰段15°～30°,腰椎10°～20°。4例伴不完全截瘫。术前强化抗痨2～4周,术后规则抗痨1年。结果21例患者随访2.1～5.1年,平均3.4年。切口均一期愈合,术后早期肺不张2例,腹胀1例,经保守治疗1周内恢复。术后1～3个月红细胞沉降率、C-反应蛋白逐渐恢复正常。手术矫正后凸畸形10°～30°,末次随访畸形矫正角度丢失≤5.1°。植骨于术后3个月开始出现融合,随访期间无植骨块移位和内固定松动、折断。4例不完全截瘫患者术后6个月神经功能基本恢复正常。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗相隔单椎体跳跃性椎体结核可彻底清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、重建和维持脊柱稳定性。     

Cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery

A case of cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery is presented. This entity is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. The present case is the first to be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of considering this vascular anomaly in the differential diagnosis of cervical spinal tumors is discussed.     

Predicting human vertebral bone strength by vertebral static histomorphometry

The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar vertebrae, and two iliac crest bone biopsies from each of 21 women (19--96 years) and 24 men (23--95 years). One of the iliac crest biopsies and 9-mm-thick mediolateral slices of half of each of the entire vertebral bodies (L-2) were used for histomorphometry. The other iliac crest biopsies and the L-3 were destructively tested by compression. High correlation was found between BV/TV or Tb.Sp and vertebral bone strength (absolute value of r = 0.86 in both cases). Addition of Tb.Th significantly improved the correlation between BV/TV and bone strength, and the addition of bone space star volume significantly improved the correlation between Tb.Sp and bone strength (from absolute value of r = 0.86 to absolute value of r = 0.89 in both cases). Bone structure (connectivity density) was not capable of improving the prediction of bone strength of the vertebral body. The correlations between BV/TV of L-2 and bone strength of L-3 were comparable with the correlation obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptrometry (DEXA) of L-3 and bone strength of L-3. The iliac crest was found to have low predictive power of vertebral bone strength (iliac BV/TV: r = 0.62; iliac bone strength: r = 0.67). No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. It was shown that trabecular bone volume BV/TV and mean trabecular plate separation Tb.Sp are good predictors of vertebral bone strength. The ability of histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was comparable to that of densitometry. Bone structure assessed by connectivity density did not improve the correlation between static histomorphometric measures and vertebral bone strength. No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. Neither static histomorphometry nor biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies is a good predictor of vertebral bone strength.     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体强化术后椎体高度再丢失的研究进展

正经皮椎体强化术包括经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP),两者通过微创手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF),可有效缓解疼痛、恢复压缩椎体高度和脊柱稳定性。但近年来观察到PVP和PKP术后恢复的椎体高度存在再丢失现象(没有创伤的情况下),术后椎体高度的再丢     

椎动脉三维CT血管成像对椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值

目的:探讨椎动脉三维CT血管成像(CTA)在椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)诊断中的应用价值。方法:2007年7月～2008年4月临床上诊断为CSA的患者共21例(CSA组),对其CTA上显示的椎动脉、横突孔及钩椎关节增生情况进行观测,并与21例非CSA患者(对照组)的CTA观测结果进行比较分析。结果:CSA组中椎动脉正常者4例,管腔变细者7例,走行异常者1例,椎动脉硬化者2例,管腔局限性狭窄者4例,血管走行迂曲者3例,无血管闭塞的患者。对照组中14例椎动脉表现正常,管腔变细者4例,走行迂曲者3例。两组中血管正常、局限性狭窄出现比率间均有显著性差异(P0.05,χ2分别为9.72、1.21)。CSA组中11例(52.4%)患者共有36个钩椎关节增生,以C4～C7增生(28个,77.8%)最为常见,32个(88.9%)为轻度增生,3个(8.3%)为中度增生,1个(2.8%)为重度增生。对照组中,6例(28.6%)患者共有19个钩椎关节增生,只有1个(5.3%)表现为中度增生,其余均为轻度增生。结论:CTA可以较好地显示椎动脉异常、局限性狭窄及钩椎关节的增生情况,在CSA中具有一定的诊断价值。     

Multiple vertebral osteonecrosis

Vertebral osteonecrosis classically presents with an intravertebral vacuum cleft phenomenon or a fluid-filled cleft on MR images. These clefts are usually found in older patients presenting with more severe fractures, more significant collapse and instability. Therefore, although considered for a long time as pathognomonic for vertebral osteonecrosis, vertebral clefts are now considered to represent fracture non-union. The double-line sign is classically described for osteonecrosis of long bones, but has been reported in one case of concurrent spinal cord and vertebral bone marrow radionecrosis. We present a case of a histologically confirmed multilevel vertebral osteonecrosis manifesting as a double-line sign in the absence of an associated vertebral collapse and unrelated to radiotherapy.