45例功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤(PETs)的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月第三军医大学西南医院收治的45例功能性PETs患者的临床资料.术前根据临床表现进行定性诊断,以腹部彩色多普勒超声、CT等检查进行定位诊断.实施胰体尾+脾切除术8例,肿瘤摘除术32例,胆胰结合部切除术1例,胰十二指肠切除术4例.术后给予相应化疗.结果 45例患者中,良性34例,恶性11例.肿瘤位于胰头8例,胰尾26例,胰体7例,胰腺内多发肿瘤4例;肿瘤直径为0.3～5.0 cm,其中>2.0 cm者19例.术后8例患者出现胰液漏,2例发生切口感染,1例发生腹腔感染.33例胰岛素瘤患者中,5例多发肿瘤患者术后血糖未恢复正常,其中3例再次行手术治疗,2例口服胰岛素分泌抑制剂治疗,血糖均控制在正常范围;7例胃泌素瘤患者术后腹泻等临床症状消失,服用质子泵抑制剂治疗,半年后行电子胃镜检查示溃疡愈合,基础胃酸分泌及12 h胃液量均在正常范围;4例胰高血糖素瘤患者术后3周内坏死性游走性皮疹明显消失或明显减退,血氨基酸水平升高,糖尿病得以痊愈;1例恶性血管活性肠肽瘤患者术后腹泻、电解质紊乱得以纠正.45例患者中39例随访20～120个月,32例良性患者中2例复发,3例因其他疾病死亡;7例恶性患者中2例生存,3例因肝转移或肿瘤复发死亡,2例因其他疾病死亡.结论 外科治疗是功能性PETs有效的治疗方法.姑息性肿瘤切除术亦可明显改善患者的生命质量.     

45例功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨功能性胰腺内分泌肿瘤(PETs)的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年12月第三军医大学西南医院收治的45例功能性PETs患者的临床资料.术前根据临床表现进行定性诊断,以腹部彩色多普勒超声、CT等检查进行定位诊断.实施胰体尾+脾切除术8例,肿瘤摘除术32例,胆胰结合部切除术1例,胰十二指肠切除术4例.术后给予相应化疗.结果 45例患者中,良性34例,恶性11例.肿瘤位于胰头8例,胰尾26例,胰体7例,胰腺内多发肿瘤4例;肿瘤直径为0.3～5.0 cm,其中>2.0 cm者19例.术后8例患者出现胰液漏,2例发生切口感染,1例发生腹腔感染.33例胰岛素瘤患者中,5例多发肿瘤患者术后血糖未恢复正常,其中3例再次行手术治疗,2例口服胰岛素分泌抑制剂治疗,血糖均控制在正常范围;7例胃泌素瘤患者术后腹泻等临床症状消失,服用质子泵抑制剂治疗,半年后行电子胃镜检查示溃疡愈合,基础胃酸分泌及12 h胃液量均在正常范围;4例胰高血糖素瘤患者术后3周内坏死性游走性皮疹明显消失或明显减退,血氨基酸水平升高,糖尿病得以痊愈;1例恶性血管活性肠肽瘤患者术后腹泻、电解质紊乱得以纠正.45例患者中39例随访20～120个月,32例良性患者中2例复发,3例因其他疾病死亡;7例恶性患者中2例生存,3例因肝转移或肿瘤复发死亡,2例因其他疾病死亡.结论 外科治疗是功能性PETs有效的治疗方法.姑息性肿瘤切除术亦可明显改善患者的生命质量.     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤41例的外科治疗

目的 探讨巨大非功能胰岛细胞瘤(NIT)的术式选择。方法 1978—2002年收治NIT4l例，其中胰头体部肿瘤28例，胰体尾部肿瘤13例，瘤体长径平均为10．7cm。行肿瘤摘除术15例(胰头部13例，胰体尾部2例)，胰腺切除术2l例(胰十二指肠切除术10例，胰体尾切除术ll例)，因肿瘤广泛浸润未能切除5例。行肿瘤摘除术者瘤体长径平均为9．6cm，胰十二指肠切除术者为13．1cm，胰体尾切除术者为9．9cm，未能切除者为11．6cm。结果 治愈性切除率为88％。肿瘤摘除术后并发症发生率为33％，主要为胰瘘；胰腺切除术后并发症发生率为14％。两种术式术后均无局部复发。摘除术15例中有3例在术后出现肝转移。结论 对NIT、可依据探查所见酌情选用肿瘤摘除术或胰腺切除术。两种术式术后均无局部复发，并发症发生率大致相等。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤43例诊疗及预后分析

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊断,治疗方法及预后。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2015年12月我院收治的43例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤行手术治疗病例的临床资料并随访其预后。结果男性5例,女性38例;年龄16～70岁,平均32. 4岁,多数患者因腹痛就诊。手术治疗包括胰十二指肠切除术6例,胰体尾加脾切除术15例,保脾胰体尾切除术6例,中段胰切除术5例,肿瘤局部剜除术11例。术后出现并发症13例(30. 2%),其中7例胰漏,2例切口液化,1例早期上消化道出血。32例获得随访,随访15～142个月,所有病人术后无复发、转移及死亡。结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤好发于年轻女性,手术治疗效果较好。     

非功能性胰岛细胞瘤16例临床分析

目的探讨非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法对近16年间收治的非功能性胰岛细胞瘤16例临床资料回顾性分析。其中位于胰头部4例,胰体尾部12例,瘤体长径平均12cm。结果行肿瘤摘除术6例,胰十二指肠切除术3例,行包括肿瘤在内的远端胰腺及脾脏切除3例,保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术3例,因肿瘤广泛侵浸未能切除1例。治愈性切除率为93.75%(15/16),全组无手术死亡。随访资料显示:11例良性肿瘤患者全部存活,已2～16年。5例恶性肿瘤患者中,1例因肿瘤广泛侵犯未能切除者,术后5个月死于多器官衰竭;1例胰体尾切除并左肝切除者存活2年;胰十二肠切除者2例,分别存活1年和6年,胰体尾切除加脾切除1例已存活12年8个月。结论钡餐,B超,CT,MRI,以及ERCP对该病有诊断价值,手术切除是治疗非功能性胰岛细胞瘤的主要方法,效果良好。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPT)的诊断和外科治疗方法.方法 回顾分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院胰腺外科中心自2003年至2007年收治的21例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤病人的临床、影像、手术以及随访资料.结果 21例确诊为胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的病人中,女18例,男3例,平均年龄33岁.病人的临床资料、影像学检查、术中探查对SPT的诊断及手术方式的选择具有较大的价值;其中行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术7例,3例行胰十二指肠切除术,其中2例因肿块侵犯血管行胰十二指肠切除联合血管切除及重建术,4例行胰腺节段切除术,5例行保留脾脏的胰体尾部分切除术,2例行胰尾切除联合脾脏切除,1例因肿瘤侵犯周围组织行胰体尾切除、脾脏切除术、左肾上腺部分切除术.术后病理学检查均证实为胰腺实性假乳头状瘤.随访结果显示所有病例均存活.结论 对SPT的诊断要充分重视病人的临床资料、影像学检查以及术中探查的结果,进而采用积极、恰当的手术切除治疗.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的合理手术方式及术后并发症的处理.方法 对1997年1月至2009年12月收治的32例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男性6例,女性26例,年龄24～76岁.胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤16例;胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤9例,其中1例为黏液性囊腺癌;胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤4例;胰腺实性假乳头状瘤3例.肿瘤位于胰头颈部12例,位于胰体尾部20例.结果 所有患者均经手术治疗,无围手术期死亡;10例行胰十二指肠切除术、1例行保留十二指肠胰头切除术、13例行胰体尾切除术(其中2例行腹腔镜下胰体尾切除术)、3例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺中段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅行姑息手术.术后发生胃瘫3例、胰瘘5例,均经保守治疗痊愈.全组29例患者获得随访,随访时间4个月～10年,3例患者于术后4～34个月分别死于癌转移或其他疾病,其余26例患者均存活,且未发现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 胰腺囊性肿瘤术前应首选无创的CT检查,及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段;具体的手术方式选择应按个体化原则,并应遵循损伤控制性手术原则;保留器官的手术方式更要重视术后胃瘫、胰瘘等并发症的处理.     

胰岛素瘤64例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结胰岛素瘤的诊断与外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析64例胰岛素瘤的临床资料.结果 64例均表现Whipple三联征.术前BUS、CT及强化CT、MRI、DSA诊断阳性率分别为46.9%(30/64),58.2%(23/39),66.7%(18/27),91.7%(11/12).IOUS诊断阳性率为92%(23/25).单个肿瘤58例,多发肿瘤6例.单发者位于胰头19例,其中直径4cm 1例,胰体17例,胰尾22例;多发者6例均为2枚肿瘤,4例位于胰体,2例分别位于胰体和胰尾各1枚.治疗行肿瘤局部切除39例,胰体尾切除13例加作脾切除6例,胰尾切除8例加作脾切除4例,胰体表面肿瘤直径2cm行腹腔镜下单纯肿瘤摘除1例,自左向右分段切除(盲切法)2例,行胰头十二指肠切除1例.良性肿瘤62例,恶性2例.术后胰瘘3例、急性胰腺炎4例均经非手术治愈.64例术后低血糖症状消失.62例良性胰岛素瘤术后随诊1～5年血糖正常,其中2例分别于术后4年和5年复发,再次手术发现胰尾近脾门处分别有直径1cm和1.5cm肿瘤,经胰尾切除后治愈.45例随访8年血糖正常,17例失访.2例恶性胰岛素瘤分别于术后3年和4年复发,因肝转移死亡.结论 Whipple三联征和测定IRI/G＞0.3是定性诊断的依据.术中触诊联合IOUS是最有效的肿瘤定位诊断方法.胰岛素瘤切除术是最佳的治疗方法.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗。方法回顾性研究北京大学第一医院外科1994—2004年所收治45例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床资料。结果本组病例涉及8种不同囊性肿瘤，男12例，女33例，平均年龄49．1岁，临床表现无特异性。B超及CT检查提示囊性或囊实性占位，ERCP、EUS等可提供鉴别诊断线索。根据肿瘤位置及性状选择局部切除术13例，Whipple术12例，胰体尾切除术18例，全胰腺切除术1例，单纯活检术1例。无围手术期死亡，术后胰瘘2例经保守治疗痊愈。随访38例，平均32．6个月。随访期内死亡4例，其中3例死于肿瘤复发，其余病人无瘤生存。结论胰腺囊性肿瘤包括多种亚型，临床表现均无特异性，诊断须综合各项检查结果，诊断明确者应积极手术治疗，切除率高，预后较好。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤诊治分析(附8例报道)

目的总结胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床特点及诊治体会。方法回顾性分析2000年5月至2010年5月期间在我科手术治疗并经病理检查证实的8例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料。结果 3例肿瘤位于胰头部者行胰十二指肠切除术;2例肿瘤位于胰颈部者行单纯肿瘤摘除术;1例肿瘤位于胰体部者行胰腺中段切除、近端闭合、远端与空肠行吻合术;2例位于胰尾部者行胰体尾切除联合脾脏切除术。术中未见腹腔脏器转移。8例患者术后经病理检查均证实为胰腺实性假乳头状瘤。术后均未行放、化疗。本组患者随访1~10年(平均5.5年),除2例失访外,其余均健在。结论 胰腺实性假乳头状瘤临床少见,属低度恶性肿瘤,女性多见;CT及MRI是其主要的影像学检查手段;手术切除预后较好。     

胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床病理特点及诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的临床病理特点及其诊治方法。方法回顾性分析1996年6月—2007年3月收治的17例患者的临床病理资料。结果全组临床表现无特征性。B超和CT检查能发现囊肿但不能确定类型。浆液性囊腺瘤7例均行肿瘤局部切除,黏液性囊腺瘤6例行胰十二指肠切除1例,胰体尾切除5例;囊腺癌4例行胰十二指肠切除加淋巴结清扫1例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾加脾切除1例。病理标本多呈多房囊腔,囊腔与胰管不通。15例获得随访,中位随访时间43(1～129)个月,1例囊腺癌行胰体尾加脾切除的老年患者术后6个月营养不良衰竭死亡;其余患者均生存,经B超检查均未见肿瘤复发,仅1例胰十二指肠切除术后患者出现糖尿病,疗效满意。结论B超和CT是该病的主要影像检查方法。加强对该病临床病理特征的认识是提高诊治率的关键,手术切除治疗疗效满意。     

胰管结石88例临床回顾分析

目的探讨胰管结石的诊治方法.方法回顾分析1998-2004年间我院收治的88例胰管结石病人的临床资料,结合复习有关文献.结果88例病人均伴有慢性胰腺炎、胰腺癌者8例,糖尿病10例,先天性胆管囊肿1例.手术56例,其中胰管切开取石,胰管空肠吻合44例,胰十二指肠切除4例,单行胰体尾部切除术1例,胰体尾加脾切除术6例,开腹取活检1例.术后死亡1例.未手术者均行中西医结合治疗.结论胰管结石发病率明显增高;治疗方法应根据具体情况采取不同的方法,不愿手术者行中西医结合治疗是较好的选择.     

The practice of pancreatic resection after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

The morbid obesity epidemic in the United States has resulted in increasing numbers of patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass who require surgical management of nonbariatric disorders. When pancreatic resection is indicated in bariatric patients, consideration of the altered foregut anatomy can be applied to the principles of pancreatic resection to foster effective techniques that minimize operative complications. A retrospective review and analysis of bariatric patients who underwent pancreatic resection at the Medical University of South Carolina Digestive Center over a 2-year period (2006 to 2007) was conducted to assess indications for operation, operative techniques, and postoperative outcome in patients with previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. There were five patients (four female, one male) identified with a mean age of 35 years (range, 32-50 years). The mean time interval from gastric bypass to pancreatic resection was 42.6 months (range, 10-72 months). Indications for pancreatic operations were islet hyperplasia in two patients, chronic pancreatitis in two, and serous cystadenoma in one. Two patients underwent duodenal-preserving pancreatic head resection (Beger procedure) and three underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Mean length of hospital stay was 11.4 days (range, 5-22 days). Two patients had extended hospital stay as a result of gastrointestinal ileus. There was no other operative morbidity or mortality. Mean length of patient follow up was 9.8 months (range, 1-17 months). Specific operative techniques used in pancreatic head resection were duodenal preservation, pancreatic drainage with an omega loop constructed from a mid-Roux limb, and excluded stomach gastrostomy. Techniques used in pancreatic tail and body resection were splenectomy discontinuous from pancreatectomy, division of the splenic vein and artery at the pancreatic neck early in surgery, retrograde dissection of the pancreas body and tail, and dissection of the body and tail posterior to the Roux limb leaving the Roux limb intact. Pancreatic resection after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is safe and effective when using prescribed operative principles that minimize disruption of the foregut reconstruction and adds protection to the gastric remnant with a gastrostomy for decompression and access for enteral alimentation when necessary.     

Pylorus-preserving total pancreatectomy for an intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

Background/Purpose Total pancreatectomy (TP) is rarely performed to treat invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas, due to the associated markedly impaired quality of life and poor prognosis after the resection. Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is characterized by extensive intraductal spread and a favorable outcome even when presenting at an invasive stage. We herein reappraise the role of pylorus-preserving total pancreatectomy (PPTP) as a viable alternative pancreatic resection modality for borderline and malignant IPMN. Methods A total of five patients with IPMN underwent PPTP and their clinical follow-up data were reviewed. Results TP was performed due to recurrent IPMN in the remnant pancreas after distal pancreatectomy in three patients and due to massive involvement of the entire pancreas in the others. All patients were treated by the pylorus-preserving method, while the spleen was also preserved in one patient. The surgical margins were negative and no metastasis to the resected lymph nodes was evident, based on histological examinations. One patient underwent a re-operation due to postoperative intraabdominal bleeding, while another patient required tubedrainage for left pleural effusion. Three of the four patients who underwent PPTP with a splenectomy experienced postoperative gastric ulcer, which were controlled by medication. One patient died due to suicide 16 months after the PPTP. All the others were doing well without recurrence at periods of 62 to 127 months after the PPTP. Conclusions PPTP is therefore considered to be indicated as an effective treatment for borderline or malignant IPMN with extensive involvement, when the patient's condition permits, in order to achieve complete resection of the IPMN.     

Familial pancreatic cancer: report of one Japanese family

Most familial pancreatic carcinomas have been reported from European countries and the United States, and there has been only one report from Japan. A 50-year-old Japanese woman presented with a pancreatic head mass and underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with portal vein resection. The histological diagnosis was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Her mother died of pancreatic head carcinoma, which had been shown on computed tomography at the age of 70 years. One of her uncles on her fathers side had had pancreatic tail carcinoma, and at the age of 59, had undergone distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, wedge resection of the liver, and partial resection of the colon. The histological diagnosis was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. He had had a subtotal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer (tubular adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa) at the age of 53. He died of recurrence of the pancreatic tail carcinoma 3 months after the distal pancreatectomy had been performed. This communication reports a second Japanese family with familial pancreatic cancer, as shown by pancreatic carcinomas in two first-degree relatives and in one third-degree relative.     

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??Surgical treatment of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma : A report of 3 cases LIN Xian-chao, HUANG He-guang, CHEN Yan-chang, et al.Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
Corresponding author: HUANG He-guang, E-mail: heguanghuang2@163.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the value of surgery in the management of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma??PMRCC??.Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with PMRCC who underwent pancreatectomy in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between October 2010 and April 2018 were reviewed??including general information??accessary examination??perioperative data and follow-up status. Results Of the 3 patients??2 patients had multiple lesions of the pancreas and the other one had a single lesion of pancreas. All of the 3 cases were asymptomatic. Primary cancer was renal clear cell cancer in all of them and the mean time from resection of the primary tumor to pancreatic metastases was 7 years ??range 3-15 years??. Two patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and 1 underwent total pancreatectomy. Intra-abdominal infection was observed in 2 patients after pancreatic surgery and no pancreatic fistula occurred.Postoperative pathological diagnosis was metastatic renal cell carcinoma in all of the 3 patients. One patient died at 22 months after the pancreatic surgery and the other 2 patients were disease free with a follow-up of 15 and 39 months respectively. Conclusion The prognosis of PMRCC is good. Surgical treatment is suitable for isolated PMRCC, especially for the metastases in the body and tail of pancreas.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊治分析

目的:探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊断与外科治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2000年6月—2011年5月间收治的42例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料。结果:42例中女性41例,男性1例;年龄16~63(平均31.1)岁。肿瘤位于胰头部10例,胰颈部3例,体尾部29例。瘤体最大直径2~15 cm,平均6.3 cm。就诊时无明显症状者20例,仅有上腹部胀痛不适者21例,1例由于肿物破裂出现剧烈腹痛伴发热。超声检查发现胰腺低回声或等回声或囊实混合性包块,CT检查多显示为胰腺区类圆形囊实性肿物,增强后实性部分不同程度强化。患者均行手术切除,经病理证实为胰腺实性假乳头状瘤。其中2例行保留幽门的胰头十二指肠切除术,2例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,10例行保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术,13例行胰体尾切除术,14例行局部切除术,1例行姑息切除术。40例患者获随访,随访时间6个月至11年,平均49个月,均存活,无远隔转移病例。1例肿瘤局部切除术后8年局部复发经再次手术局部切除,至今41个月未发现肿瘤复发。结论:年轻女性发生的囊实混合性胰腺肿瘤应高度怀疑胰腺实性假乳头状瘤,该肿瘤为低度恶性,在保证完整切除的前提下尽可能采用保留器官功能的手术方式患者可获长期生存。     

Repeated Pancreatectomy after Pancreatoduodenectomy

Background When pancreatic duct dilatation is found in the patient having undergone pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), observation is chosen in most cases. Similarly, recurrent tumor in the remnant pancreas of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas is seldom indicated for resection. We have aggressively performed repeated pancreatectomy for these cases and obtained good results. Methods Repeated pancreatectomy after PD was performed for three types of circumstances: (1) pancreatodigestive anastomotic stricture; (2) neoplasm after intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); and (3) recurrence of IDC of the pancreas. Results Resection of anastomosis and reanastomosis was performed for pancreatodigestive stricture in four patients. Symptoms derived from pancreatitis in three patients resolved by the second operation and did not recur during follow-up. None of the four patients required pancreatic enzyme substitution because of clinically overt malabsorption, and the defecation frequency of the four patients was within twice a day. Mild diabetes mellitus has been identified in only one patient who had diabetes mellitus before the second surgery. Completion pancreatectomy and pancreatic tail resection was performed for recurrence in two patients and IDC in one patient, respectively, after PD for IPMN. Intrapancreatic recurrences of IPMN in two patients existed in the main pancreatic ducts. As CT revealed pancreatic duct dilatation but not intraductal tumors, recurrences were not correctly diagnosed before the second operation. Completion pancreatectomy was performed for recurrence of IDC in two patients. One patient who underwent completion pancreatectomy for recurrence of IDC survived 66/44 months after the first/second operation. Conclusion Repeated pancreatectomy should be performed for patients with pancreatodigestive anastomotic stricture to preserve remnant pancreatic function and for patients with neoplasm or pancreatic duct dilatation after PD for IPMN, and repeated pancreatectomy for recurrence of IDC might be indicated for selected patients.