The sonographic findings of splenic metastases.

The sonographic findings in five patients with metastases to the spleen are demonstrated. Hypoechoic lesions were seen in patients with histiocytic lymphoma, and both echogenic and hypoechoic lesions were seen in patients with melanoma. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.     

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound features of primary splenic lymphoma

We report a case of primary splenic lymphoma incidentally detected on abdominal ultrasound as a well‐defined homogenous hypoechoic splenic mass. Further characterization with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound showed the mass to enhance homogenously during the arterial phase to a degree similar to that of the normal splenic parenchyma followed by rapid washout becoming hypoenhanced on delayed phase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010     

脾脏淋巴瘤的CT特征

目的 分析脾脏淋巴瘤的CT特征,为临床分期、治疗和预后判断提供依据。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的16例脾脏淋巴瘤患者CT图像。结果 16例脾脏淋巴瘤中,均匀弥漫和粟粒结节型2例,表现为弥漫性脾肿大,密度正常或略低,呈较均匀强化;多发肿块型6例,表现为脾脏内多发结节状及类圆形低密度灶,密度均匀,呈轻度均匀强化;巨块型8例,表现为脾脏内单发巨大低密度肿块,呈不均匀强化。16例中,10例伴有脾外淋巴瘤表现。结论 CT检查对脾脏淋巴瘤的临床诊断与分期有一定意义。     

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen: Ultrasound and computed tomographic findings

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen is an extremely rare benign lesion characterized by a wide spectrum of nonspecific inflammatory and reparative changes.The ultrasound and computed tomographic (CT) findings of inflammatory pseudotumor affecting the spleen in an asymptomatic patient are reported. The CT scanning revealed a partially calcified mass showing a nonhomogeneous enhancement after contrast injection. After 3 min of bolus administration, an unenhanced central area, which corresponds to a focal area of fibrosis, was demonstrated.     

Tuboovarian abscess simulating giant colonic diverticulum

The plain abdominal film finding of a large air-filled cavity has a differential diagnosis that includes giant colonic diverticulum, volvulus, giant Meckel's or other small-bowel diverticulum, emphysematous cystitis, vesicoenteric fistula, bowel duplication, and mesenteric cyst. The case presented here expands this differential diagnosis to include tuboovarian abscess with fistulous communication to the bowel.     

Sonographic patterns of the affected spleen in malignant lymphoma

Sonographic examination showed spleen involvement in 43 patients with histological evidence of malignant lymphoma. In 23% of these cases the spleen was of normal size and 77% exhibited variable splenomegaly. Focal lesions could be seen in 27 patients, 16 exhibiting diffuse, small-nodule transformation of the sonographic parenchymal texture. Hodgkin lymphomas caused both focal (7 of 16) and diffuse (9 of 16), splenic lesions. All non-Hodgkin lymphomas of high-grade malignancy exhibited focal lesions, which are larger than 3 cm in diameter in 11 out of 13 patients. In non-Hodgkin lymphomas of low-grade malignancy, focal sites and diffuse destruction of splenic tissue texture were found, lesions of under 3 cm in diameter (11 of 13) being characteristic of this subtype.     

Ultrasonic characteristics of pelvic inflammatory masses

Twenty patients with pelvic abscesses diagnosed either at surgery or from typical clinical findings underwent sonography. Seventeen of the twenty patients had inflammatory processes of gynecological origin. In the main, two patterns were observed. The more common pattern was a small, round adnexal or cul de sac mass with a slightly irregular border. The other pattern consisted of large, rough-bordered, multilocular masses that obscured the uterus. In single cases confusion had occurred between pelvic abscesses, fibroids, and chronic ruptured tuba1 pregnancy. The role of ultrasound in the management of patients with tuboovarian abscesses is discussed.     

原发性脾脏淋巴瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨原发性脾脏淋巴瘤（PSL）的临床表现、影像学特点及外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年1月收治的7例PSL的患者临床资料。结果PSL常见的临床表现为：腹痛、发热、肝脾肿大、贫血；术前7例均行CT检查，CT检出肿瘤5例；CT表现：平扫时为单发或多发的低密度灶，边界欠清，增强扫描病变稍强化，而周围脾实质强化显著。7例患者均行手术治疗，无围手术期死亡，术后病理结果为PSL，术后1年生存率为85．7％。结论PSL临床表现无特异性，B超诊断率低，CT表现具有一定的特征性，结合临床具有较高的诊断价值。PSL早期诊断、积极手术治疗并辅助化疗可以获得良好疗效。     

脾淋巴瘤的超声诊断价值及其分型

目的 探讨脾淋巴瘤的超声诊断价值及其分型.方法 对31例脾淋巴瘤的临床资料、超声表现与病理进行对比分析,并行超声分型.结果 31例脾淋巴瘤中,超声提示脾淋巴瘤3例,淋巴瘤脾累及5例,诊断正确率为25.8%.31例脾淋巴瘤超声表现可分为四型:①弥漫肿大型,占12.9%(4/31),肿大的脾内未见团块或结节;②粟粒结节型,占16.2%(5/31),脾内见大小不一的低回声结节(直径≤3 cm);③巨块型,占29.0%(9/31),肿块单发,直径大于3 cm,伴或不伴中心坏死;④混合型,占41.9%(13/31),脾肿大,内可见大小不一的低回声结节与团块.结论 超声对脾淋巴瘤的诊断有较高的临床价值,必要时可行超声引导下穿刺活检.     

18F-FDG PET/CT评估淋巴瘤累及脾脏

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴瘤初始分期中评估脾脏受累的最佳方法。方法 回顾59例淋巴瘤患者治疗前初始分期的¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT结果,采用脾脏肋单元计数（简称肋单元）、脾指数、脾内结节灶、脾脏最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）及目测脾内¹⁸F-FDG高摄取（简称PET目测法）评估脾脏是否受累,并与随访确诊结果进行一致性检验。结果 59例中,最终确诊初始分期中21例脾脏受累（阳性组）,38例无脾脏受累（阴性组）,两组肋单元（t=4.670,P<0.0001）、脾指数（t=4.688,P=0.0001）及SUV_max（t=4.971,P=0.0001）差异均有统计学意义;阳性组脾结节发生率和PET目测法明显高于阴性组（χ²=23.395、54.750,P均<0.0001）。根据肋单元、脾结节、脾指数、SUV_max、PET目测法评估脾脏受累的Kappa值分别为0.494、0.596、0.704、0.787、0.963。结论 淋巴瘤治疗前初始分期中,目测脾内存在局灶性或弥漫性异常¹⁸F-FDG高摄取是评估脾脏受累的最佳方法。     

脾淋巴瘤与脾转移癌的临床及超声特征分析

目的分析脾淋巴瘤和脾转移癌的临床表现及超声图像特征,以提高超声鉴别诊断的能力。 方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2021年4月在四川大学华西医院就诊并经病理确诊的50例脾淋巴瘤及15例脾转移癌患者的临床及超声检查资料,采用t检验、χ²检验或者Fisher精确检验比较2组患者临床表现及常规超声声像图特征的差异。 结果脾转移癌患者相较于脾淋巴瘤患者通常伴有其他部位原发恶性肿瘤病史（40.0% vs 0）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。两者在年龄、性别、发热、盗汗、体质量下降、腹痛等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。在形态学分型、病灶回声、脾增大、病灶数目方面：脾淋巴瘤形态学分型为弥漫型、病灶回声实性、脾增大的比例高于脾转移癌（44.0% vs 0;89.3% vs 60.0%;76.0% vs 20.0%）,脾转移癌病灶多为单发（86.7% vs 50.0%）,差异均具有统计学意义（χ²=17.409,P＜0.001;χ²=5.047,P=0.046;χ²=15.537,P＜0.001;P=0.023）。脾淋巴瘤和脾转移癌在边界、形态、血流信号、腹腔及腹膜后淋巴结长大方面比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。两者在病灶最大径方面比较［（5.31±2.56）cm vs（6.23±3.55）cm］,差异也无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论脾淋巴瘤和脾转移癌临床表现和超声图像特征虽然有相似之处,但不同的是,部分脾转移癌患者有原发肿瘤病史,形态上表现为直径较大的单发病变,脾增大不常见;而脾淋巴瘤可有多种表现,以弥漫型和混合型病变更为多见,病灶回声以实性回声多见,多数合并脾增大。     

急性咽后壁脓肿的CT表现

目的 探讨CT对急性咽后壁脓肿的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析18例急性咽后壁脓肿患者CT资料.结果 CT清楚显示所有患者病变部位及累及范围.18例CT均表现为咽后壁软组织肿胀增厚,其中8例CT平扫示咽后壁梭形或类圆形低密度区,3例示宽大气-液平面,4例示咽后壁病变处异物,2例见咽后间隙积气,4例合并纵隔脓肿,2例存在食管瘘,5例CT增强扫描示咽后壁病变环形强化.结论 CT能准确评价急性咽后壁脓肿,应作为首选影像检查方法 .     

Amebic abscess of the liver manifested by “hemoptysis”: US,CT, and MRI findings

Ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a patient suffering from an amebic abscess of the liver complicated by a bronchohepatic fistula are presented. Subsequent to US, CT provided the specific diagnosis. Multiplanar MRI was valuable to directly visualize the secondary diaphragmatic rupture and the bronchohepatic fistula.     

Ultrasonography in renal lymphoma.

Ultrasonographic findings in malignant lymphoma of the kidneys in four patients are described. In three patients the kidneys were diffusely infiltrated by anechoic masses showing good acoustic transmission. One solitary lymphoma had the ultrasonographic characteristics of any other kidney tumor. Ultrasonographic differential diagnosis of renal masses should include malignant lymphoma.     

脾原发性淋巴瘤1例

患者,男,38岁,间歇性左上腹部胀痛2个月,加重伴包块出现1个月。入院查体:轻度贫血貌,脾脏增大下极至脐水平线,右侧至腋中线。超声:脾脏明显增大,长24.1cm,宽11.4cm;脾实质回声不均匀,其内可见一大小19cm&#215;17cm的混合回声包块,边界欠清,形态不规则,呈分叶状,内部回声强弱相间,并见多个不规则的无回声区,其中一个大小为1.8cm&#215;1.5cm,CDFI可见稀疏点状血流信号。提示脾实质占位病变,性质待定(图1、2)。手术病理诊断:脾脏恶性淋巴瘤,B细胞型(非霍奇金淋巴瘤)(图3)。讨论淋巴瘤是免疫系统细胞及其前体细胞的恶性肿瘤,原发于脾脏的淋巴瘤十分罕见,约占恶性肿瘤的0.64%。而HL与NHL的比例为1∶3,男性多于女性。临床表现为左上腹胀痛,瘤体大者可自发破裂引起大出血。超声表现形态各异,有的仅表现为脾脏均匀性增大,实质回声减低;有的表现为脾脏多个低回声结节;而大多数为孤立性不均质结节型:脾脏形态失常,结节边界欠清晰,回声极不均匀,后方回声不衰减,结节外脾实质回声正常,脾静脉无异常回声。CDFI一般为低-中血流信号。而该病例与孤立性不均质结节型相似,血流却为稀疏点状血流信号,为肿瘤增大缺血坏死所...     

Radiologic diagnosis of wandering spleen complicated by splenic volvulus and infarction

Wandering spleen is a rare condition caused by malattachment of the dorsal mesogastrium. This condition is prone to torsion of the splenic pedicle leading to splenomegaly, hypersplenism, and infarction. Preoperative diagnosis can be suggested radiologically. A case of wandering spleen is reported and its embryologic, clinical, and radiographie features are discussed.     

淋巴瘤脾脏浸润的18F-FDG PET/CT表现

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在诊断淋巴瘤脾脏浸润中的应用价值。方法回顾经18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断为淋巴瘤脾脏浸润的42例患者,分析脾脏体积、病灶大小、病灶密度、病灶最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)和正常肝脏SUVmax。结果 42例淋巴瘤脾脏浸润的18F-FDG PET/CT表现分为3型,其中Ⅰ型(单纯弥漫型浸润)24例、Ⅱ型(单纯结节型浸润)13例,Ⅲ型(混合型浸润)5例。在淋巴瘤浸润脾脏病灶的SUVmax中,Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型Ⅰ型(P均0.05),Ⅱ型与Ⅲ型差异无统计学意义。霍奇金病(HD)与非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)、B细胞淋巴瘤与T细胞/NK细胞淋巴瘤、B细胞淋巴瘤与HD的脾脏浸润PET/CT分型差异均无统计学意义(P=0.07、0.18、0.17);T细胞/NK细胞淋巴瘤与HD的脾脏浸润PET/CT分型差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT诊断脾脏淋巴瘤浸润有明显优势,其表现以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型为主;淋巴瘤浸润脾脏结节样病灶的18F-FDG摄取显著高于弥漫性病灶;T细胞/NK细胞淋巴瘤累及脾脏较HD更多表现为Ⅰ型。     

弥漫性淋巴管瘤累及脾脏的MSCT表现

目的探讨弥漫性淋巴管瘤(LA)累及脾脏的MSCT表现。方法收集11例经手术及病理证实、临床综合诊断的LA患者的影像学资料。所有患者均接受MSCT检查,其中5例同时接受平扫和增强扫描。结合临床资料、手术及病理结果,分析本病累及脾脏的影像学表现。结果 11例患者的脾脏可见单发或多发薄壁囊性肿块,边界均清楚,其中2例囊内有分隔;5例增强扫描显示囊壁及分隔动脉期轻度强化,门脉期及延迟期持续强化,囊内容物无强化。所有患者均同时伴有至少1个其他部位的相似病变。结论 MSCT检查可清晰显示LA累及的脾脏影像学特征。伴有淋巴管发育不良并累及多个部位时,结合病史及临床其他检查有助于诊断。     

Echography of splenic infarct in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus.

A 29 year old female with systemic lupus erythematosus had a splenic infarct. The echogram showed a 4 x 4 x 5 cm cluster of echoes. After splenectomy the preoperative echograms were matched to the gross pathological findings and a post mortem water bath scan. In this single patient, the echosplenograms were of considerable aid in confirming the accuracy of the diagnosis of splenic infarct.     

正常胎儿脾脏及脾动脉超声特征

目的 探讨正常中、晚孕期胎儿脾脏形态及脾动脉血流特点。方法 收集551胎正常中、晚孕期单胎胎儿, 中孕期胎儿分为21~22⁺⁶孕周和23~24⁺⁶孕周组, 晚孕期胎儿分为28~31⁺⁶孕周、32~35⁺⁶孕周和36~40孕周组。产前超声观察胎儿脾脏及脾动脉特征, 测量并比较各组间脾脏及脾动脉各参数差异, 分析各参数与孕周的相关性。结果 99.27%(547/551)胎儿可完整显示脾脏, 其横切面上呈半月形、月牙形或三角形, 呈均匀低回声;脾动脉起自腹腔动脉, 沿胃泡后缘自右向左走行, 经脾门进入脾脏。中孕期23~24⁺⁶孕周胎儿脾脏周长、面积和厚度以及脾动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)均大于21~22⁺⁶周胎儿(P均 <0.05), 脾动脉舒张末期血流速度(EDV)和阻力指数(RI)两组差异无统计学意义(P均 >0.05);晚孕期胎儿脾脏周长、面积和厚度及脾动脉PSV和EDV随孕周增加逐渐增加(P均 <0.05), 脾动脉RI无明显改变(P >0.05)。中、晚孕期脾脏周长、面积、厚度、脾动脉PSV以及晚孕期脾动脉EDV与孕周之间呈线性正相关。结论 正常中、晚孕期胎儿脾脏的超声显示率较高, 正常胎儿脾脏超声形态特征及正常参考值范围可为评估相关疾病提供依据。