步行量和体成分的中日比较研究

目的为了解中日儿童及成人的步行和体成分及其相互关系。方法 以中国上海市和日本琦玉县的小学生和成人对象，采用失城ＴＷＱ０２－００１电子式步数计测定步行量，ＦＵＴＲＥＸ－５０００Ａ体成分测定仪测量体脂百分比。结果 １．中国男女小学生的平均每日步行量分别为１２４２６步和１０３８７步，低于日本小学生，体脂百分比中国男女生分别为２１．２％和１５．８％，高于日本。中国男女成人的平均每日步行量分别为９８２６步和     

体成分与肥胖及相关疾病的研究现状

人体体成分是生物学的一个分支，主要研究人体的组成规律、组分之间的数量关系和测量方法，以及在不同外界因素影响下各组分量的变化规律。二组分模型是体成分研究常用模型之一，由Behoke于1942年建立，即以脂肪组织为核心，将人体分为FM（fat mass，FM）和FFM（fat free mass，FFM）两部分。体脂百分比是体成分测量的重要指标之一，是人体脂肪组织的重量占全身重量的比重。随着肥胖人口在全世界范围内快速增多和肥胖对健康危害的日益明显，不断有学者开始探讨体脂百分比和身体各组分与肥胖及其相关疾病的关系。本文就此方面的研究进行一个综述。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者孕期体成分分析

目的 分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者孕期体成分.方法 选取2018 年8 月-2019 年9 月诊断为GDM 的131 例孕妇为GDM 组,131 名正常孕妇为对照组.分析两组孕10～13 周、孕24～28 周时母体体成分的变化.结果 孕10～13 周,两组孕妇总体水分、细胞内液、体脂百分比、体脂肪、肌肉重比较差异均有...     

济南市4～6岁儿童体成分分析

目的 分析济南市4～6岁儿童体成分发育特点,研究学龄前儿童体脂百分比(PBF)与体重指数(BMI)的关系,比较两者在肥胖诊断中的差异。方法 2017年5月—2018年6月选取儿保科健康查体的1 788例济南市4～6岁健康儿童,运用生物电阻抗法进行体成分测试。结果 4～6岁男、女童部分体成分指标随年龄增长而增加,肌肉量、躯干肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质、体脂肪、无机盐、基础代谢率和水分、PBF指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Pearson检验中,若不区分性别,BMI和PBF的相关系数r=0.841;若区分性别,男性r=0.872,女性r=0.830,以PBF与BMI标准判断儿童肥胖率具有较强的一致性(Kappa值=0.64)。结论 1)生物电阻抗法测定学龄前儿童体成分,可客观反映体脂肪含量,准确判断肥胖。2)BMI与PBF在判断肥胖时,男童的一致性高于女童。PBF在评估肥胖男童时灵敏性高于BMI。     

北京市儿童青少年体成分的分析

目的了解北京市儿童、青少年体成分的状况,分析其年龄和性别变化特点。方法利用3项在北京城区或北京郊区的儿童、青少年中开展的横断面研究,选取8、9、10、13、14、15岁男女生共947人。测量身高、体重,计算体质指数;采用双能X线吸收法测量全身及手臂、腿部和躯干的体成分,计算身体脂肪含量指数(FMI)、去脂体重指数(FFMI)、体脂百分比(%BF)和躯干/四肢脂肪比。结果随年龄增长,女生的FMI从4.8 kg/m2增加到7.6 kg/m2,%BF、FFMI和骨矿物质含量均相应增加;男生FMI从13岁开始下降,%BF则从8岁的23.9%下降到15岁的14.7%,但FFMI和骨矿物质含量均相应增加。各年龄段女生的FMI和%BF均高于同龄男生,且脂肪均主要分布于四肢;女生FFMI均低于同龄男生,8~15岁男生的增长总量接近女生的2倍,且瘦体重主要分布于躯干;男女生间骨矿物质含量差异无统计学意义。结论儿童青少年在生长过程中,各种体成分的含量、比例和分布不断变化,且存在性别差异。     

招募体检筛选工作中的人体成分检测

目的对人体成分检测在征兵工作中的应用进行研究,探讨人体成分检测和体能水平的相关性;方法选取662名应征青年,对其进行人体成分检测,并对其中633名进行3 000米体能测试,分及格组和不及格组进行t检验;结果①体脂百分比的参考值范围为10.50%～21.50%（男）和20.40%～31.70%（女）;BMI参考值范围为18.70～25.40（男）和18.00～24.00（女）;瘦体重百分比参考值范围为46.90%～65.10%（男）和37.60%～47.60%（女）;骨骼肌百分比参考值范围为31.40%～43.90%（男）和24.80%～30.90%（女）;②分别对3 000米跑及格组和不及格组进行均数比较,体脂百分比差异有统计学意义（男：p=0.0004,女：p=0.6135）;BMI差异无统计学意义（男：p=0.0827,女：p=0.4295）;瘦体重百分比差异有统计学意义（男：p=0.0001,女：P=0.0227）;骨骼肌百分比差异有统计学差异（男：p=0.0002,女：p=0.0003）。结论①应征入伍青年人体成分分布上相较于国外应征青年仍有差距;②单纯采用BMI并不能对体能水平进行判断;③瘦体重和骨骼肌百分比更能反应应征青年的体能水平。     

太原市8~11岁儿童体成分与血清尿酸的相关性分析

目的 分析8~11岁儿童体成分和尿酸的含量以及不同年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)之间的差异,分析血尿酸与体成分各指标的相关性。方法 以2020年4—12月在太原市妇幼保健院营养科体检的306例8~11岁儿童为研究对象,检测身高、体重及体成分各项指标,并检测血清尿酸的水平,分析该年龄段儿童体成分特征及其与尿酸的相关性。结果 男童和女童体成分各指标相比,男童的BMI显著高于女童,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.253,P<0.05),其余各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);BMI和体脂百分比(PBF)在女童中判断肥胖的一致性较高(Kappa值=0.642),而在男童中的一致性较低(Kappa值=0.438);男童中9岁年龄组一致性最高(Kappa值=0.669),女童中11岁年龄组一致性最高(Kappa值=0.761);Person相关性分析显示,尿酸与体成分各指标均呈正相关,男童中,BMI与血尿酸的相关性最大(r=0.579,P<0.001);女童中,BMI(r=0.706,P<0.001)、体脂肪含量(r=0.705,P<0.001)与血尿酸的相关性最大,多重线性回归分析显示,BMI对8~11岁儿童血清尿酸影响最大(P<0.05)。结论 太原市8~11岁儿童身体状况与全国水平较为接近;体成分PBF与BMI筛查8~11岁儿童肥胖率具有较高的一致性;体成分各指标与血清尿酸水平均有相关性,对于BMI较高的儿童,应注意预防早期高尿酸血症。     

孕期体脂百分比对妊娠期妇女糖尿病影响因素分析

目的 探索孕中期妇女体成分与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关联.方法 采用病例对照研究,以2018年4月至2019年4月在北京市某妇幼保健院进行产检孕妇为研究对象,在妊娠24～28周进行口服糖耐量试验,以明确是否存在GDM,并使用人体成分分析仪测定孕妇体成分.最终获得124例诊断GDM的孕妇作为病例组,130例血糖正常孕妇作...     

青春期学生体重指数与体脂百分比比较

目的分析青春期学生体重指数与体脂百分比的关系及对两种方法判定肥胖比较。方法用双能X线吸收仪(DEXA)测定北京市郊区171名男生(平均年龄为13.7岁)和162名女生(平均年龄为13.5岁)的体成分,计算体脂百分比(PBF),测定身高体重并计算BMI。结果女生BMI与PBF的相关系数为0.737,男生为0.671。与PBF判定肥胖的标准(女生PBF≥35%,男生PBF≥25%)相比,目前我国常用BMI判定青少年肥胖标准(BMI≥26kg/m2)特异度高达99%以上,敏感度低于30%。结论青少年BMI与PBF具有显著相关性,但我国目前常用BMI切点对于判定青少年肥胖具有较高特异性,敏感度低,用于筛查儿童青少年肥胖时,应结合皮褶厚度等指标综合评价。     

体成分

体成分（body composition）指在人体总重量中，不同身体成分的构成比例。在目前的研究中常用到两类模型：（1）两组分模型（two-compartment models），由Behnke于1942年建立，即以脂肪组织为核心将人体分为脂肪和去脂体重（falfree mass，FFM）两部分，脂肪常用体脂率（脂肪重量／体重，％）表示，去脂体重又称瘦体重，包括全身的骨骼、肌肉、内脏器官和神经、血管等。（2）多组分模型（multicompartment models），该模型中最具影响力的是人体体成分的五层次模型     

Discordance Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and a Novel Body Composition Change Index (BCCI) as Outcome Measures in Weight Change Interventions

Objective: A general assumption is that the body mass index (BMI) reflects changes in fat mass (FM). However, it fails to distinguish the type of weight that is lost or gained—fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM). The BMI treats both changes the same although they have opposite health consequences. The objective of this study was to propose a more precise measure, a body composition change index (BCCI), which distinguishes between changes in FM and FFM, and this study compares it with using the BMI as an outcome measure.

Methods: Data were obtained from 3,870 subjects who had completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) total body scans at baseline and end-of-study when participating in a variety of weight-loss interventions. Since height remained constant in this adult cohort, changes in the BMI corresponded with scale weight changes (r = 0.994), allowing BMI changes to be converted to “lbs.” to match the statistic used for calculation of the BCCI. The BCCI is calculated by scoring increases in FFM (lbs.) and decreases in FM (lbs.) as positive outcomes and scoring decreases in FFM and increases in FM as negative outcomes. The BCCI is the net sum of these calculations. Differences between scale weight changes and BCCI values were subsequently compared to obtain “discordance scores.”

Results: Discordance scores ranged from 0.0 lbs. to >30.0 lbs. with a mean absolute value of between the two measures of 7.79 lbs. (99% confidence interval: 7.49-8.10, p <0.00001), SD = 7.4 lbs. Similar discordance scores were also found in subgroups of self-reported gender, ethnicity, and age.

Conclusions: A significant difference of 7.79 lbs. was found between the BCCI and the BMI to evaluate the efficacy of weight loss interventions. If assessing changes in body composition is a treatment goal, use of the BMI could result in significantly erroneous conclusions.     

肥胖与体重正常7～15岁儿童身体成分变化比较

目的比较7~15岁体重正常和肥胖儿童身体成分及其随年龄变化趋势,以便为肥胖儿童体重控制效果的评价提供基础数据。方法选择7~15岁体重正常和肥胖儿童356名,不同性别各年龄组儿童约10名,采用DEXA法测定身体成分。结果肥胖儿童身体成分中的脂肪组织和去脂肪组织实测值均高于体重正常儿童(P值均<0.05)。肥胖儿童脂肪组织和去脂肪组织在四肢和躯干分布的差异较体重正常儿童小。肥胖儿童腹部脂肪百分比和臀部脂肪百分比的比值高于体重正常儿童,肥胖男生该比值除8岁组外均超过1,而肥胖女生仅有9岁和13岁组该比值超过1。结论肥胖儿童脂肪组织与去脂肪组织含量、比例和分布与体重正常儿童存在差异。在进行儿童体重控制中,需要考虑儿童身体成分特点和年龄趋势。     

Dose-Response Relationships Between Body Composition Indices and All-Cause Mortality in Older Japanese Adults

ObjectivesWe examined the dose-response relationships of body composition indices with mortality and identified the best predictor.Design and settingKusatsu Longitudinal Study and Hatoyama Cohort Study, Japan.ParticipantsIn total, 1977 community-dwelling Japanese adults age ≥65 years (966 men and 1011 women) participated.MeasurementsBody mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were determined by segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. The main outcome was all-cause mortality. We determined multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for mortality relative to sex-specific medians of each body composition index and examined the association shapes.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 5.3 years, 128 (13.3%) men and 75 (7.4%) women died. Compared with median BMIs (23.3 kg/m² in men and 22.8 kg/m² in women), a BMI >23.3 and ≤26.1 kg/m² was associated with significantly lower mortality risk in men, and a BMI <22.8 kg/m² was associated with significantly higher mortality risk in women. The inverse dose-response relationship with mortality was clearer for FFMI [hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 10th and 90th percentiles: 1.58 (1.23–2.03) and 0.58 (0.44–0.79), respectively, in men and 1.56 (1.12–2.16) and 0.68 (0.51–0.91), respectively, in women] and SMI [1.57 (1.22–2.01) and 0.60 (0.45–0.80), respectively, in men and 1.45 (1.05–2.01) and 0.77 (0.61–0.96), respectively, in women] than for BMI [1.30 (0.92–1.83) and 0.65 (0.41–1.03), respectively, in men and 1.87 (1.18–2.95) and 0.88 (0.54–1.42), respectively, in women]. FMI was not associated with mortality in either sex.Conclusions and ImplicationsFFMI and SMI were more definitive predictors of mortality than were BMI and FMI. The lower mortality risk with higher FFMI, regardless of FMI, may explain the age-related weakening of the association between higher BMI and mortality (the “obesity paradox”). FFMI and SMI evaluation should be introduced to clinical assessments of older adults because mortality risk might be reduced by maintaining muscle mass.     

Effects of Walking Speed on Total and Regional Body Fat in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: This study had two aims: (1) To confirm the efficacy of exercise speed and impulse (session duration at a given speed) to produce total and abdominal fat loss in postmenopausal women, and (2) compare the exercise speed and impulse necessary for the stimulation of fat loss to the suppression of bone mineral loss. Of special interest was to compare these parameters of exercise on fat loss in the same study and with the same subjects where they were found to suppress bone mineral loss. We hypothesized that (1) more total fat will be lost with slow walking and a longer impulse than with fast speed and shorter impulse, and (2) more abdominal subcutaneous (SC) and visceral fat (VF) will be lost with fast walking speed. Materials and Methods: Fat loss and suppression of bone mineral loss were measured in the same 25 subjects after 15 weeks, and fat measurements were also taken after 30 weeks in 16 residual subjects. Study parameters were walking a 4.8 km distance 4 days/week at either 6.6 km/h (120% of ventilatory threshold (VT)) or at 5.5 km/h (101.6% of VT) and expending 300 kcal/session. Body composition (fat and lean body mass, LBM) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric methods. Results: Slow walkers in the residual group progressively lost a significant percent of total body fat over 30 weeks while no such loss occurred after 15 weeks in fast walkers in either group, supporting hypothesis 1. However, the 20% higher starting body fat in 16 residual slow relative to fast subjects suggests that exercise fat loss is greater in overweight than in lean subjects. In fast walkers, fat loss occurred after 30 weeks of training. Hypothesis 2 was not supported as both speeds led to equal VF loss in 30-week group as estimated by waist circumference (CF) confirming that VF responds to the magnitude of energy expenditure and not the walking speed. Conclusions: Total body fat is lost through walking at all speeds, but the change is more rapid, clear, and initially greater with slow walking in overweight subjects. A longer exercise impulse at a lower speed in our study initially produced greater total fat loss than a shorter one with fast walking speed. This was reversed in comparison to how the same exercise in the same subjects suppressed bone mineral loss. Data from other studies indicate that longer impulses may promote greater fat loss at both slow and high exercise speeds, and our study providing only a 4.8 km walking distance may have limited the walking impulse and the magnitude of fat loss. Increased exercise energy expenditure at either walking speed produces equivalent declines in visceral fat in postmenopausal women, and with sufficiently long impulses, should reduce disabilities associated with central obesity.     

儿童肥胖度、体脂分布与贫血的关系研究

目的 以探讨儿童肥胖度、体脂分布与贫血的关系。方法 对上海市543名7－10岁儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围、皮褶厚度、血红蛋白含量的测量和检测。结果 发现：不同肥胖度的各组间血红蛋白含量均值及贫血率差别无显性;肥胖组与非肥胖组相比,BMI、F％、IBM、TPR、SUM有显性差别,而血红蛋白值无显性差别;非肥胖组儿童,体脂含量F％、TPR中心型体脂分布均明显高于非中心型体脂分布,差别有显性意义（P＜0．01）,但血红蛋白含量在两组间也无显性差别。结论 BMI、F％、LBM、.TPR.、SUM与肥胖有关;非肥胖组,F％、TPR与中心型体脂分布有关：贫血与肥胖及中心型体脂分布无关。     

肥胖中学生体脂分布与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的研究肥胖中学生的体脂分布及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性，为预防肥胖中学生代谢综合征的发生提供参考。方法对某中学13～14岁940名中学生的身高、体重进行测量，计算人体质量指数（body mass index，BMI）。选择BMI在同年龄、同性别第95百分位数或以上者47名为肥胖组；对照组为年龄、性别相匹配的同期健康体检青少年，BMI在同年龄、同性别第25-75百分位数以内者，共50名。检查血压、空腹血糖、血脂、空腹胰岛素等指标，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR），并采用双能X线吸收法检查体脂百分比及分布。结果肥胖组中学生血压、BMI、三酰甘油、空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA—IR、体脂和躯干部体脂百分比均显著高于对照组。多元逐步回归分析显示，躯干部体脂百分比是胰岛素抵抗的独立相关因素。结论躯干部体脂量能够很好地反映中学生肥胖状况，并与胰岛素抵抗相关。     

8～12岁儿童体成分与血清催乳素,甲状腺激素关系的探讨

按体脂百分比将８１ 名８ ～１２ 岁儿童分为肥胖组、正常组和消瘦组,并进行催乳素（ Ｐ Ｒ Ｌ） 、甲状腺素的测定,分析儿童体成分与两种激素之间的关系。结果表明：３ 组间血清催乳素基础水平无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ００５） ;肥胖组游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（ Ｆ Ｔ３ ） 显著高于其它两组（ Ｐ＜ ００５） ,正常组又明显高于消瘦组（ Ｐ＜ ００５） ;体成分各指标与催乳素的相关分析未发现二者间存在相关关系（ Ｐ＞ ００５） ; Ｆ Ｔ３ 与体脂肪（ Ｂ Ｆ） 及体脂百分比（ ％ Ｂ Ｆ） 有正相关关系（ Ｐ＜ ００５）     

超声检测成年男性腹壁脂肪厚度与体成分的相关性研究

目的：探讨超声测量成年男性腹壁脂肪厚度（subcutaneous fat thickness,SFT）与身体成分（体脂肪率、脂肪质量、内脏脂肪率）的关系,了解超声评估腹部脂肪含量的临床价值.方法：以358例空军地勤及空勤人员为研究对象,晨起空腹,应用频率为7 Hz的超声线阵探头测量SFT,根据SFT值将被测者分为低、中、高值3组;采用生物电阻抗法进行身体成分测定.计算和比较腹部脂肪厚度与身体成分的相关性.结果：SFT平均值为（1.22±0.55）cm,与低值组比较,中、高值组体脂成分明显增加（P＜0.01）,SFT与体脂肪率（r=-0.680,P=0.000）、脂肪质量（r=0.699,P=0.000）和内脏脂肪率（r=0.769,P=0.000）均呈正相关.结论：采用B超、生物电阻抗法评估身体脂肪有很好的相关性,超声测量SFT具有简便准确、可重复性高的特点,可以用于体脂相关研究及临床应用.     

新疆哈萨克族高尿酸血症与4个体脂指标的关系

目的研究新疆哈萨克族高尿酸血症与肥胖及相关体脂指标的关系。方法随机抽取新疆阿勒泰地区医院哈萨克族门诊体检及住院的病人339例为研究对象,其中高尿酸组172例,尿酸正常组167例。测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,并计算体脂相关指标。结果体脂肪相关指标中体重、腰围、臀围、体质指数（BMl）、腰围/身高（WHTR）均为高尿酸组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;相关性分析中,血尿酸与体重、腰围、臀围、BMI、腰臀比（WHR）、WHTR呈显著正相关;4个指标的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）曲线分析：曲线下面积以BMI和腰围最大,BMI为0.625（95%CI：0.553～0.697）,腰围为0.606（95%CI：0.534～0.678）,BMI最佳切点为27,腰围的最佳切点值为103;多元逐步回归分析显示,BMI、WHR是影响血尿酸的主要相关危险因素。结论体脂含量及分布与哈萨克族高尿酸血症存在着密切的关系,而BMI、WHR是影响高尿酸血症的危险因素。因此,控制体重并保持健康的体型对于防治哈萨克族高尿酸血症具有重要意义。