中场强磁共振尿路水成像技术与临床应用初探

目的 评价中场强（０．５Ｔ）磁共振单激发快速自旋回波９ＳＳＦＳＥ０尿路水成像（ＭＲＵ）技术及其临床应用价值。材料与方法 ４２例正常和悄路梗阻患者,在ＧＥ ０．５Ｔ超导ＭＲ成像仪上采用ＳＳＦＳＥ进行ＭＲＵ成像;３８例加作２Ｄ ＦＳＥ重Ｔ２ＷＩ,经最大信号强度投影（ＭＩＰ）重建ＭＲＵ图像。结果 采用ＳＳＦＳＥ所得ＭＲＵ图像可清晰显示正常尿路,效果比２Ｄ ＦＳＥ重Ｔ２ＷＩ经ＭＩＰ重建所得ＭＲＵ钉佳,尿路     

垂体三维快速梯度回波成像

探讨垂体增强检查中,三维快速梯度回波Ｔ１加权序列的参数优化,并与二维自旋回波Ｔ１加权序列的图像质量进行比较。方法：使用１．５Ｔ高场ＭＲ成像仪及头颅正交线圈。３０例脑垂体均行冠状位２Ｄ－ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ和３Ｄ－ＦＦＥＴ１ＷＩ检查。结论：３Ｄ－ＦＦＥＴ１ＷＩ的空间分辨力高,病变／正常 垂体组织对比噪声比３Ｄ－ＦＦＥ明显优于２Ｄ－ＳＤ。     

三维稳态破坏性梯度回返采集在颅脑疾病诊断中的应用(兼与二维自旋回波T1WI对比研究)

目的前瞻性探讨三维稳态破坏性梯度回返采集（ｔｈｒｅｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｓｐｏｉｌｅｄｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｒｅｃａｌｅｄａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｔｅａｄｙｓｔａｔｅ,３ＤＳＰＧＲ）在颅脑疾病中的应用价值,并且增强后与二维自旋回波（２ＤＳＥ）Ｔ１ＷＩ作对比分析。方法１７例病变,采用ＧＥ１．５Ｔ扫描机,增强后行２ＤＳＥＴ１ＷＩ及３ＤＳＰＧＲ轴面扫描,并进行对比研究。结果⑴除动脉瘤外,２ＤＳＥＴ１ＷＩ较３ＤＳＰＧＲ多发现１３个病变,且两者描述主体病变强化程度相当;⑵２ＤＳＥＴ１ＷＩ的信噪比、对比度及对比噪声比分别是３ＤＳＰＧＲ的１．５７、１．２及１．９７倍;⑶３ＤＳＰＧＲ图像后处理技术能显示２０例病变累及血管的各种表现;⑷３ＤＳＰＧＲ显示大动脉瘤较ＭＲ血管造影更完美。结论在颅脑疾病增强检查中,３ＤＳＰＧＲ具有许多２ＤＳＥＴ１ＷＩ无法比拟的优越性,有取代２ＤＳＥＴ１ＷＩ的可能。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节影像学分析(附24例骶髂关节平片、CT和MR影像对比观察)

目的：旨在评估强直性脊柱炎（ＡＳ）患者骶髂关节炎的ＭＲ影像特征，并比较Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲ影像在诊断骶髂关节炎中的作用。材料与方法：搜集２４例ＡＳ患者，分别行Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查。增强前ＭＲ扫描序列包括ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ、ＦＳＥＴ２ＷＩ和梯度回波的准Ｔ２ＷＩ（ＧＲＴ２＊ＷＩ）。增强后ＭＲ扫描序列参数与增强前ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ相同。另选９例志愿者，行ＭＲ平扫检查。结果：８例志愿者１６个骶髂关节的Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ可直接显示正常骶髂关节软骨，表现为线形或点样的中等信号影。９例志愿者１１个骶髂关节的骨髓内可见局灶性脂肪沉积。２４例ＡＳ患者的４２个骶髂关节可见软骨异常，表现为Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ上正常线形中等信号的软骨影像消失，代之以不规则增粗或扭曲样中等信号。分析表明：在骶髂关节炎的诊断方面，ＭＲ和ＣＴ明显优于Ｘ线平片（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：同Ｘ线片比较，虽ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ均有助于ＡＳ骶髂关节炎的诊断，但ＭＲ影像可显示ＣＴ和Ｘ线所不能显示的软骨异常和骨髓内水肿改变；骨髓内脂肪沉积可属正常变异；扭曲样中等强度信号应视为软骨的异常征象。     

真实稳态进动快速成像T2加权序列在肝脏的应用价值

目的 评价ｔｒｕｅ－ＦＩＳＰ（真实稳态进动快速成像）Ｔ２ＷＩ序列在肝脏为中的应用。方法 ４５２例临床拟诊肝胆疾患病人行横断面,冠状面或（和）矢状面ｔｒｕｅ－ＦｉＳＰ Ｔ３ＷＩ,对其中临床证实的６８例（１６３个病灶）进行评价,包括 脏局灶病变的检出率,对比信噪比、肝内静脉的显示、周围脏器的显示及伪影等,并与ＴＳＥ（）快速自旋回波）Ｔ２ＷＩ进行比较。结果 对肝海绵状血管瘤和肝囊肿的检出率,ｔｒｕｅ－Ｆ     

三维稳态破坏性梯度回返采集在颅脑疾病诊断中的应用

目的 前瞻性探讨三维稳态破坏性梯度回返采集在颅脑疾病中的应用价值,并且增强后与二维自旋回小Ｔ１Ｗ１作对比分析。方法 １１７例病变,采用ＧＥ,１．５扫描机,增强后行２Ｄ－ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ及３Ｄ－ＳＰＧＲ轴面扫描,并进行对比研究。结果 （１）除动脉瘤外,２Ｄ－ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ较３Ｄ－ＳＰＧＲ多发现１３个病变,且两者描述主体病变强化程度相当,（２）２Ｄ－ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ的信噪比,对比度及对比噪声比分别是３Ｄ－     

MRI增强检查在脊柱病变中的诊断价值

目的：讨论不同种类脊柱病变的ＭＲＩ表现及Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强检查在脊柱病变中的意义。材料与方法：研究脊柱病变５７例,均行矢状位、轴位Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ及增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ扫描,其中１２例增强后采用脂肪抑制技术（ＣＨＥＳＳ法）扫描。结果：（１）不同的脊柱病变ＭＲＩ表现不同;（２）在增强后脂肪抑制组及未抑制组,显示脊柱病变与正常骨髓分界最清晰的序列中增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ分别占５１．１％、９２．７％;（３）所有病例在显示椎旁肿块与周围关系最明确的序列中增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ占８３．８％。结论：（１）增强检查对脊柱病变的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值;（２）它有利于显示椎旁肿块与椎管内结构的关系;（３）增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ脂肪抑制技术成像与平扫相结合是脊柱病变的首选扫描序列     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节影像学分析：附24例骶髂关节平片,CT和MR…

目的：旨在评估强直性脊柱炎（ＡＳ）患者骶髂关节炎的ＭＲ影像特征，并比较Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲ影像在诊断骶髂关节炎中的作用。材料与方法：搜集２４例ＡＳ患者，分别行Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查。增强前ＭＲ扫描序列包括ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ、ＦＳＥ Ｔ２ＷＩ和梯度回波的准Ｔ２ＷＩ（ＧＲ Ｔ２＾＊ＷＩ）。增强后ＭＲ扫描序列参数与增强前ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ相同。另选９例志愿者，行ＭＲ平扫检查。结果：８例志愿者１６个骶髂关节的     

正常胰腺快速MR成像序列的比较研究

目的选择最适当的胰腺快速ＭＲ成像序列。材料与方法对２０例胰腺正常者行六种快速ＭＲ成像序列检查,其中包括四种快速自旋回波序列（ＴＳＥ—Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ１ＦＳ、Ｔ２ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＦＳ）和二种梯度回波序列（ＧＲＥ—ＴＦＥ、ＦＦＥ）,然后对所得图像进行定量、定性分析。结果定量分析表明,Ｔ１ＦＳ有最高的胰腺信噪比。定性分析表明,Ｔ１ＷＩ显示脾静脉最好,且能同时清楚显示肠系膜上血管、门静脉和腹腔动脉。Ｔ１ＦＳ的伪影最少,且能同时清楚显示胰——十二指肠分界、胰一胃分界及肠系膜上静脉。Ｔ２ＷＩ的图像质量及对胰一十二指肠分界显示最好,且能同时清楚显示胆总管、肠系膜上血管、门静脉和腹腔动脉。Ｔ２ＦＳ显示胆总管最好,显示胰一十二指肠分界的能力同Ｔ２ＷＩ,同时能清楚显示门静脉。ＴＦＥ和ＦＦＥ无明显的优点。六个序列中任何一个,均不能使正常胰管成像。结论在正常胰腺快速ＭＲ成像序列中,Ｔ１ＦＳ和Ｔ２ＷＩ优于其它序列。     

烟雾病的磁共振成像诊断

目的：回顾分析８例烟雾病的磁共振成像表现，探讨磁共振成像对烟雾病的诊断价值。方法：８例烟雾病中男女各４例。年龄４～４９岁，平均２０．４岁。磁共振成像应用Ｓｉｅｍｅｎｓ１．０ＴＭＲ系统和头表面线圈。均有ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ，７例有三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影（３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ），１例有ＤＳＡ。结果：ＳＥ序列ＭＲＩ均见丘脑－基底节区（单侧２例，双侧６例）有扩张的烟雾血管，其中以Ｔ１ＷＩ显示更为清楚直观。７例３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ和１例ＤＳＡ均见ＩＣＡ上端、ＭＣＡ和ＡＣＡ近端闭塞以及丘脑－基底节区的烟雾血管。这些病理血管分布侧别与ＳＥ序列磁共振成像所见一致。结论：ＳＥ序列磁共振成像和３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ是诊断烟雾病的有效方法。Ｔ１ＷＩ显示丘脑－基底节区烟雾血管优于Ｔ２ＷＩ。３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ尚适用于烟雾病血管旁路术后随诊及其高危人群普查。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.