螺旋CT血管造影对主动脉病变诊断的初步研究

目的评价螺旋ＣＴ血管造影（ＳＣＴＡ）在诊断主动脉病变中的临床价值及各种重建方法的作用。材料与方法 临床疑诊主动脉病变或胸部疾病的患者３０例,行ＳＣＴＡ检查,６例经手术和／或病理证实,４例与血管造影进行了对照。全部病例行 ＭＩＰ及 ＳＳＤ三维重建,２１例行多方位 ＭＰＲ观察。结果 ３０例中胸主动脉或胸腹主动脉正常９例;先天性主动脉缩窄３例,右位主动脉１例;夹层动脉瘤２例,外伤后假性动脉瘤１例;真性动脉瘤１例;后纵隔恶性淋巴瘤侵及胸主动脉１例;大动脉炎２例;动脉粥样硬化１０例。结论ＳＣＴＡ能可靠显示主动脉形态学病变,在很大程度上可替代创伤性血管造影。     

电子束CT血管造影及三维重建在主动脉病变诊断中的临床应用

目的建立电子束ＣＴ血管造影（ＥＢＣＴ－Ａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ）常规扫描及三维重建方法，探讨其临床应用价值。材料与方法回顾分析了自１９９５年７月至１９９６年１２月经ＥＢＣＴ诊断的各种主动脉病变共１８９例，男１５２例，女３７例，其中６８例与手术结果作了对照。胸主动脉扫描采用单层增强扫描方法（ＳＳＭ），心电门控采像；腹主动脉扫描采用连续容积扫描方法（ＣＶＳ），无心电门控。三维重建方法采用表面阴影显示法（ＳＳＤ）、多层面或曲面重建法（ＭＰＲ／ＣＰＲ）及最大密度投影法（ＭＩＰ）。结果１８９例主动脉病变包括各型夹层动脉瘤９７例，真性动脉瘤２６例，假性动脉瘤８例，马凡综合征３９例，大动脉炎５例，各种先天性主动脉发育异常１４例。６８例与手术对照，ＥＢＣＴ诊断符合率为９７％。结论ＥＢＣＴ血管造影图像时间分辨率高，消除了呼吸及运动伪影，可以明确诊断各种主动脉病变；三维重建图像利于整体直观地显示病变，帮助明确诊断并指导手术；在主动脉病变的诊断方面，可望取代有创的常规血管造影。     

主动脉病变的CT诊断与鉴别诊断：兼论其血流动力学曲线

笔者分析了１００例主动脉病变的ＣＴ表现并试图探索它们的血流动力学变化曲线，包括（真性）主动脉瘤，假性动脉瘤，夹层动脉瘤，大动脉炎和主动脉硬化，通过ＣＴ直接增强扫描可对这些病变作出了诊断与鉴别诊断，应注意病变范围、形态、内腔结构，壁钙化程度等征象。ＣＴ值－时间曲线初步比较观察结果表明，各种主动脉病变有些差异，反映了血流速度有所不同。主动脉瘤和夹层动脉瘤的假腔血流速度较慢，这是较多形成附壁血栓的原因之     

螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建在主动脉病变诊断中的临床应用

目的评价螺旋ＣＴ血管成像（ＳＣＴＡ）及三维重建在主动脉疾病诊断中的临床应用价值，并比较ＳＣＴＡ各种成像方法的诊断价值。方法对３５例患者进行了ＳＣＴＡ成像，１７例与手术对照，其中４例又与血管造影对照。结果⑴ＳＣＴＡ良好地显示了主动脉瘤、主动脉夹层（２３例）和主动脉弓异常（８例）。１７例与手术对照，ＳＣＴＡ诊断符合率９４％。⑵对解剖关系复杂的主动脉弓分叉区域病变的显示及表面阴影显示（ＳＳＤ）较理想。⑶在主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层中，横断面影像准确、可靠，而三维及多平面重建（ＭＰＲ）在空间关系的显示上具有优势。结论ＳＣＴＡ二维和三维重建影像的联合应用可以较明确地诊断多种主动脉疾病，可帮助和指导手术，可望取代常规血管造影对主动脉病变的诊断。     

颅外颈动脉螺旋CT血管造影的临床意义(附45例报告)

目的 报告颅外颈动脉ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＴＡ）的初步经验,探讨该技术对各种颅外颈动脉病变的诊断意义,并在可能范围内与数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）作小样本的对照。方法 ４５例颈动脉ＣＴＡ,经最大密度投影（ＭａｘＩＰ）及表面灰度成像法（ＳＳＤ）行三维重建,其中５例在１周内作了ＤＳＡ检查。结果 ４５例颈动脉ＣＴＡ检查,共得到９０支血管图像。其中正常血管５５支,狭窄血管３１支,闭塞血管２支,颈内动脉动脉瘤１支,     

主动脉夹层：3D DCE MRA诊断

探讨３Ｄ ＤＣＥ ＭＲＡ对主动脉夹层诊断的价值及其检查技术。材料和方法：共作主动脉夹层２８例３Ｄ ＤＣＥ ＭＲＡ检查。采用３Ｄ ＦＳＧＲ,团注Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ ２０ｍｌ,屏气扫描时间１６－２２秒。经工作站进行了ＭＩＰ和ＭＰＲ重建。结果：分析２８例主动脉夹层３Ｄ ＤＣＴ ＭＲＡ表现,发现３Ｄ ＤＣＥ ＭＲＡ为主动脉夹层的上下范围,内膜片,破口,真两腔以及分支受累情况均能满意显示。     

肺部螺旋CT薄层扫描技术

目的：讨论螺旋ＣＴ扫描技术在肺部疾病检查中的应用价值。方法：３７例经手术病理证实的肺部病变均作螺旋ＣＴ扫描检查,层厚３￣５ｍｍ,ｐｉｔｃｈ１￣２,重建间隔１￣２ｍｍ。所有图像均在ＧＥ Ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２．０工作站上进行后处理,重建方式为表面显示法（ＳＳＤ）和最大密度投影法（ＭＩＰ）法。结果：３７例１￣５ｃｍ大小的病灶在ＣＴ图像上全部得以显示。１１你腺癌的供血血管,１０例细小毛刺,     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在腹主动脉瘤中的诊断应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像在腹主动脉瘤（AAA）中的诊断价值。方法30例临床疑诊AAA患者均经16层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）。采用最大密度投影（M1P）、多平面重组（MPR）、容积再现（VR）技术对传送至AW4.1工作站的原始数据进行重建,获得二维或三维的立体图像。结果30例疑诊AAA患者中有7例真性腹主动脉瘤,15例假性动脉瘤,8例主动脉夹层。MPR能准确显示瘤体位置、形态、范围及附壁血栓。MIP能较好地显示瘤壁及附壁血栓内的钙化。VR技术能立体精确显示腹主动脉、瘤体及周围组织结构的空间关系。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像是一种无创、快速的检查方法,为临床诊断、治疗腹主动脉瘤提供重要信息。     

CT血管造影对脑动脉瘤的临床应用价值

目的 评价ＣＴ血管造影（ＣＡＴ）对脑动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 脑动脉瘤,１９例行ＤＳＡ检查,１８例手术。用最大强度投影（ＭＩＰ）法进行血管重建。结果 ２０例患者中ＤＳＡ及手术发现２１个动脉瘤,ＣＴＡ发现０个。１９例为单发,１９例为单发,１例为多发（２个）,ＤＳＡ示位于基底动脉和左后交通动脉,ＣＴＡ未能显示后者动脉径为３～３３ｍｍ。１例有血管。靶重建、ＣＴＡ像与原始图像后交通动脉,ＣＴＡ像与原有显始图     

主动脉病变的CT诊断与鉴别诊断─—兼论其血流动力学曲线

笔者分析了１００例主动脉病变的ＣＴ表现并试图探索它们的血流动力学变化曲线，包括（真性）主动脉瘤、假性动脉瘤、夹层动脉瘤、大动脉炎和主动脉硬化。通过ＣＴ直接增强扫描可对这些病变作出诊断与鉴别诊断，应注意病变范围、形态、内腔结构、壁钙化程度等征象。ＣＴ值－时间曲线初步比较观察结果表明，各种主动脉病变有些差异，反映了血流速度有所不同。主动脉瘤和夹层动脉瘤的假腔血流速度较慢，这是较多形成附壁血栓的原因之一。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.