Early activation of peripheral lymphocytes in human acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: The CD69 antigen is an indicator of early lymphocyte activation. GOALS: To evaluate the early activation of peripheral lymphocytes T, B, and NK in patients with acute pancreatitis in comparison with patients with acute abdomen of nonpancreatic origin. STUDY: Thirty patients with acute pancreatitis were studied; 20 of them had the mild form of the disease and 10 had the severe form. Thirty patients with nonpancreatic acute abdomen were used as controls. All patients were enrolled within 48 hours of the onset of pain. In all patients, leukocytes and total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts (CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, CD19+, CD4+CD69+, CD8+CD69+, CD56+CD69+, CD19+CD69+) were determined upon hospital admission. RESULTS: The percentage of total lymphocytes was significantly lower in acute pancreatitis patients than in those with nonpancreatic acute abdomen (P = 0.014); patients with severe pancreatitis had a percentage of total lymphocytes significantly lower when compared with patients with mild pancreatitis (P < 0.001). The CD19+CD69+ count was significantly lower in patients with severe pancreatitis (24.6 +/- 14.6%) than in patients with mild pancreatitis (46.7 +/- 16.5%; = 0.006). The counts of the other lymphocyte subsets were not statistically different between patients with acute pancreatitis and those with nonpancreatic acute abdomen, as well as between patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe pancreatitis show impaired early activation of peripheral CD19+ cells.     

Hyperglycemia associated with lymphopenia and disease severity of COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. COVID-19 is more severe in people with diabetes. The identification of risk factors for predicting disease severity in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is urgently needed.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty-six patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in our study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: COVID-19 patients with or without T2DM. The patients were further divided into four subgroups according to the severity of COVID-19 as follows: Subgroup A included moderate COVID-19 patients without diabetes, subgroup B included severe COVID-19 patients without diabetes, subgroup C included moderate COVID-19 patients with diabetes, and subgroup D included severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes. The clinical features and radiological assessments were collected and analyzed. We tracked the dynamic changes in laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes during the hospitalization period. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to analyze the risk factors that predict the severity of COVID-19 with T2DM.ResultsFirstly, compared with the nondiabetic group, the COVID-19 with T2DM group had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and procalcitonin (PCT) but lower lymphocyte counts and T lymphocyte subsets, including CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD16 + CD56 cells, and CD19+ cells. Secondly, compared with group A, group C had higher levels of Fasting blood glucose (FBG), IL-6, TNF-α, and neutrophils but lower lymphocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell counts. Similarly, group D had higher FBG, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and lower lymphocyte, CD3+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell counts than group B. Thirdly, binary logistic regression analysis showed that HbA1c, IL-6, and lymphocyte count were risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 with T2DM. Importantly, COVID-19 patients with T2DM were more likely to worsen from moderate to severe COVID-19 than nondiabetic patients. Of note, lymphopenia and inflammatory responses remained more severe throughout hospitalization for COVID-19 patients with T2DM.ConclusionOur data suggested that COVID-19 patients with T2DM are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 than those without T2DM and that hyperglycemia associated with the lymphopenia and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients with T2DM.     

Effect of age on human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced changes in lymphocyte populations among persons with congenital clotting disorders. Transfusion Safety Study Group.

Children other than neonates infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have low rates of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Through 1989, 5.3% of 95 infected hemophiliacs aged 5 to 13 years developed AIDS, compared with 20.3% of 364 aged greater than or equal to 25 years. We asked whether the HIV-1 impact on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations differed with age using pairwise comparisons of uninfected and infected male children and adult hemophiliacs. Infected children had lesser reductions of total lymphocytes than adults, but proportionately lower numbers of CD2+, CD4+, CD2+CD26+, and CD4+CD29+ counts. CD4+CD45RA+ cell counts were greater than twofold higher in uninfected and infected children than adults; with infection, the CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+ proportion increased by 1.4-fold in adults, but was unchanged in children. Infected adults had highly significantly increased total CD8+ counts; both age groups had elevated CD8+HLA-DR+ counts. Infected children had significantly higher total B-cell counts than infected adults, with a disproportionately lower number of resting B cells (CD20+CD21+). During 2 years of follow-up, infected children and adults had lymphocyte changes in the same directions and these were proportionately equal. The lower rate of HIV-1 progression in children may be partly associated with differences in lymphocyte populations compared with adults; functional properties of immune cells may be equally or more important.     

Parallel decline of CD8＋CD38＋ lymphocytes and viremia in treated hepatitis B patients

AIM:To assess the peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection,and their dynamics in response to adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy.METHODS:Proportions and absolute counts of peripheral natural killer cells,B cells,CD8+,CD4+,CD8+ CD38+,CD8+CD28+ and CD4+CD28+ T cells were determined using three-color flow cytometry in chronic hepatitis B patients(n = 35),HBV carriers(n = 25) and healthy controls(n = 35).Adefovir dipivoxil was initiated in 17 chronic hepatitis B patients who were r...     

Characterization of viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy: relationships to host factors, cellular restoration, and virologic end points

Biphasic plasma viral decays were modeled in 48 patients treated with ritonavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. Estimated first- and second-phase decay rates were d1 as 0.47/day and d2 as 0.04/day. Interpatient differences in both decay rates were significant. The d1 was directly correlated with baseline CD4+, CD4+CD28+, and CD8+CD28+ T lymphocyte counts (P<.05) and inversely correlated with baseline virus load (P=.044) and the magnitude of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte recovery (P<.01). The d2 was directly correlated with baseline percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes (P=.023), the CD8+CD38+ cell number (P=.024), and the level of IgG that binds to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gp120 (P=.02). Viral decay rates were not predictive of treatment failure or durability of viral suppression. These exploratory findings are consistent with a model in which immunologic factors contribute to elimination of HIV-infected cells and suggest a dynamic interplay between regulation of HIV expression and lymphocyte activation and recovery.     

Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets.

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused large outbreaks of atypical pneumonia in 2003, with the largest localized outbreak occurring in Beijing, China. Lymphopenia was prominent amongst the laboratory abnormalities reported in acute SARS. METHODS: The effect of SARS on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets was examined in 271 SARS coronavirus-infected individuals. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD16+/56+ cell counts over the five weeks of the SARS illness although CD4+/CD8+ ratios did not change significantly. The lymphopenia was prolonged, reaching a nadir during days 7-9 in the second week of illness before returning towards normal after five weeks, with the lowest mean CD4+ cell count of 317 cellsx10(6)/L at day 7, and CD8+ cell count of 239 cellsx10(6)/L at day 8. Patients with more severe clinical illness, or patients who died, had significantly more profound CD4+ and CD8+ lymphopenia. DISCUSSION: Lymphopenia is a prominent part of SARS-CoV infection and lymphocyte counts may be useful in predicting the severity and clinical outcomes. Possible reasons for the SARS-associated lymphopenia may be direct infection of lymphocytes by SARS-CoV, lymphocyte sequestration in the lung or cytokine-mediated lymphocyte trafficking. There may also be immune-mediated lymphocyte destruction, bone marrow or thymus suppression, or apoptosis.     

Effect of irinotecan on the phenotype of peripheral blood leukocyte populations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Previous studies have demonstrated a significant decrease in absolute numbers of CD3+CD4+, CD8+CD28+ and CD19+ lymphocytes, and an increase in the expression of activation markers on T-cells and the number of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in patients with metastatic cancer. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is now being widely used for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: We have examined, by two-color flow cytometry, peripheral blood leukocyte populations before and during systemic treatment with CPT-11 in 14 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. RESULTS: CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD8+CD28+ and CD19+ were significantly lower, and CD3+HLA-DR+ and CD14+CD16+ cells were higher in metastatic colorectal cancer patients compared to controls. After 2-4 months of CPT-11-based chemotherapy, significant increase in CD3+CD4+ cell numbers was observed in 8 patients who had initial CD3+CD4+ counts of less than 600 per microL (358 +/- 154 vs. 652 +/- 319 cells per microL, Wilcoxon test, P < 0.01), while in patients with higher initial CD3+CD4+ counts a trend for decrease was observed during therapy. A trend for an increase in CD8+CD28+ cell counts was observed in patients with low CD3+CD4+ numbers, but no other changes were observed during the treatment in other peripheral blood leukocyte populations examined. CONCLUSIONS: CD3+CD4+ lymphocytopenia, a decrease in CD8+CD28+ and CD19+ lymphocytes, increased expression of activation markers and CD14+CD16+ monocytosis are present in a significant proportion of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. CPT-11-based therapy seems to ameliorate CD3+CD4+ lymphocytopenia, possibly by neutralizing the immunosuppressive effects of uncontrolled tumor growth. These observations may be useful for the design of immunotherapy trials in metastatic colorectal cancer.     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化及意义

目的　了解成人严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者淋巴细胞亚群的改变对疾病的发生、发展及预后的影响。方法　依据卫生部颁发的传染性非典型肺炎临床诊断标准及预后将 2 0 6例SARS患者分为 3组 :即非重症组 13 3例、重症存活组 50例、重症死亡组 2 3例 ,用流式细胞仪进行淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16+淋巴细胞的动态检测。建立数据库并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果　SARS患者CD4+、CD8+、CD19+淋巴细胞计数均值分别是非重症组 >重症存活组 >重症死亡组 ,组间比较均P <0 .0 5。CD16+均值非重症组与重症存活组比较P >0 .0 5,两组与死亡组比较均P <0 .0 1。通过对CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16+淋巴细胞计数动态观察 ,发现非重症组与重症存活组随病程CD4+、CD8+先下降后上升 ,CD19+随病程逐渐上升 ,CD 16+在发病早期有短暂的升高 ,然后波动在正常范围内。重症死亡组CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD16+在发病初期即处于较低水平 ,发病 15d后CD4+、CD8+、CD19+仍持续低水平 ,而CD16+随病程呈持续性降低。结论　成人SARS患者有明显的细胞免疫损伤 ,其淋巴细胞亚群的改变与临床分型及预后相关 ,对预后判断有一定的指导意义。SARS患者CD4+、CD8+淋巴细胞计数在发病初期是降低的 ,非重症组、重症存活组发病 9～15d是最     

HIV／AIDS患者血浆病毒载量及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的：观察国内HIV／AIDS患者血浆病毒载量和外周血CD4^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞的变化，探讨这些变化的临床意义。方法：选择未经抗病毒治疗的HIV／AIDS患者124例，用bDNA法检测血浆病毒载量，并用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞。结果：AIDS患者的血浆病毒载量明显高于HIV感染者，血浆病毒载量与CD4^ 细胞计数呈显著负相关，但其最高峰位于CD4^ 细胞计数100／μl处，然后随着CD4^ 细胞计数的下降而减少。CD4^ T细胞计数为AIDS组＜HIV组＜正常对照组：HIV感染者的CD8^ T细胞计数显著高于正常组和AIDS组，而AIDS患者CD8^ T细胞数则随着CD4^ T细胞减少而下降。结论：血浆病毒载量随着疾病进展而显著升高，但在疾病晚期则有所降低。外周血CD4^ T细胞计数随着疾病的进展而进行性减少；CD8^ T细胞计数在感染早期显著升高，进入晚期则减少。在评价HIV感染者和AIDS患者病情时，应结合病毒载量、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞计数综合分析。     

结核病小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及其表达的四项细胞因子分析

目的 探讨T淋巴细胞(简称T细胞)表达穿孔素(PFN)、颗粒酶B(GzmB)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)与结核免疫的关系.方法 60只MK小鼠按随机数字表法分成结核病组和健康对照组,每组30只.以CD3PerCP、CD4FTTC、CD8APC单抗标记T细胞亚群,以藻红蛋白标记PFN、GzmB、IFN-γ、IL-2单抗标记细胞因子,以流式细胞仪检测分析总的淋巴细胞、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+CD8+;双阳(DP)T细胞计数和各亚群占淋巴细胞百分率,观察各T细胞亚群内表达PFN、GzmB、IFN-γ、IL-2的阳性细胞计数和各自占淋巴细胞百分率.采用t检验进行统计学分析.结果 (1)CD4+CD8+、DP T细胞均能不同程度地表达PFN、GzmB、IFN-γ、IL-2.PFN、GzmB的表达以CD8+T细胞占优势.IFN-γ、IL-2的表达以CD4+T细胞占优势.(2)T细胞亚群细胞计数结果与T细胞亚群占总淋巴细胞百分率结果,所反映的T细胞免疫变化趋势可能相似,也可能不同甚至相反.(3)两组间表达PFN的T细胞差别不明显,但结核病组表达GzmB的各个T细胞亚群计数和CD3+%、CD8+%、DP%高于对照组(t值为-3.72～4.13.均P<0.05).(4)结核病组表达IFN-γ的CD3+、CD4+T细胞计数高于对照组;但结核病组表达IL-2的CD8+、DP T细胞计数和CD3+%、CD4+%、CD8+%、DP%均低于对照组(t值为2.62～3.46,均P<0.05).结论 、CD,4+、CD8+、DPT细胞均能不同程度地表达PFN、GzmB、IFN-γ、IL-2;联合评价T细胞各亚群计数和其占淋巴细胞百分率更能判断免疫学状态.     

Decrease of CD4<Superscript>+</Superscript> and B-Lymphocyte Populations Is Not Associated with Severe Infectious Complications in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia during Maintenance

The suppression of lymphopoiesis and immune competence during the maintenance phase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the occurrence of infectious complications remain an unexplored area. In this study we assessed lymphocyte subpopulation disturbances during maintenance for childhood ALL along with the incidence, type, and severity of infections that occur during that period in the absence of neutropenia. Twenty-eight children (13 boys, 15 girls) with ALL aged 3-14 years (median 7 years) and treated according to the ALL-BFM 90/95 protocol were studied during maintenance for ALL. Complete white blood cell (WBC) counts and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) analyses were performed. Major lymphocyte subsets (CD19+, CD3+CD4+, CD3-CD8+, CD3-CD16+CD56+, CD45RA-, CD45RO+) and markers of T-cell activation (CD25, CD38, CD69, HLA-DR) were analyzed with flow cytometry. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM levels were measured by a nephelometric assay. All infectious episodes during the study period were recorded in detail. Additionally, 41 age-matched immunocompetent children were used as controls. Absolute WBC counts (median, 3627/microL) and PBL counts (median, 1206/microL) were significantly below the age-adjusted control values (7400/microL and 2673/microL, respectively; P < .0001). B-lymphocyte, total CD4+, and memory CD4+ (CD4+CD45RO+) subsets were also significantly decreased (33/microL versus 377/microL [P < .0001], 531/microL versus 1045/microL [P < .01], and 80/microL versus 299/microL [P < .001], respectively). Significantly lower immunoglobulin levels were found in all patients. Twenty-two of the 28 patients presented with 74 episodes of a variety o minor infections (mostly respiratory viral [39], skin [7], and gastrointestinal [3]), none demanding prolonged hospital treat ment. Our findings demonstrate a profound immunosuppression throughout maintenance therapy in children with ALL tha has no major clinical impact in terms of increased incidence or severity of systemic infections.     

登革病毒感染者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群数量的变化及其临床意义

目的观察登革热患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群数量变化的特点并探讨其临床意义。方法用流式细胞仪检测不同发病时间71例登革热患者外周血中总T淋巴细胞(CD3+)、CD4+T淋巴细胞和CD8+T淋巴细胞的数量,并将急性期患者、恢复期患者及正常人T淋巴细胞及其亚群数量进行比较,组间数据比较采用t检验。结果与正常对照组相比,急性期登革热患者T细胞和CD4+T细胞都显著减少(P<0.01)、CD4+T/CD8+T比值显著降低(P<0.01),恢复期登革热患者上述指标没有显著性差异(P>0.05);与急性期相比,恢复期登革热患者CD4+T细胞显著升高(P<0.01);急性期、恢复期登革热患者和正常对照组CD8+T细胞数量没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。登革热患者T淋巴细胞亚群数量和CD4+T/CD8+T比值随着发病时间的增加而逐渐上升。结论登革热患者急性期细胞免疫异常,通过治疗可以逐渐恢复。T淋巴细胞亚群的检测可作为监测登革热患者免疫功能的一个指标,对于病人的治疗和预后有一定的意义。细胞免疫异常可能在登革热的发病中起重要作用。     

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts in patients with dermatomyositis: clinical correlations and changes following therapy

Lymphocytopenia has been reported in patients with connective tissue diseases, including dermatomyositis (DM). However, the risk of infectious complications and the changes of lymphocytic subsets during treatment have been poorly investigated in these patients. We investigated the alterations of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts in patients with DM. A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with an ascertained diagnosis of DM admitted from 1994 to 2000 in both departments of Dermatology of the Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris. All patients had a peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count available before therapy. From an initial set of 63 patients, 47 were included in the study. The median absolute lymphocyte count was 888/mm(3) (range, 400-4,070). Low peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell and B-cell counts were consistent findings (median CD4+: 382/mm(3); CD8+: 211/mm(3); CD19+: 122/mm(3)). There was a significant increase in lymphocyte count after 1 month (p < 0.0001), 3-6 months (p = 0.001), and 6-12 months (p = 0.0005) of corticosteroid treatment. Infectious events, mainly pneumonia (PCP), occurred in 12 patients. Their initial lymphocyte count was lower than that of patients who did not develop infections (p = 0.0001). These results support the high prevalence of lymphocytopenia in patients with DM and emphasize the risk for opportunistic infections, mainly PCP, in these patients. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the risk/benefit balance of PCP prophylaxis in patients with DM and severe lymphocytopenia.     

HIV/AIDS外周血T淋巴细胞活化与病情进展的临床研究

目的 探讨HIV/AIDS外周血T淋巴细胞活化水平与病情进展的关系.方法 检测105例HIV/AIDS患者外周血可溶性CD27(sCD27)水平,CD28+CD8+、CD28+CD4+、HLA-DRCD8+和CD38+CD8+比例以及CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,并在正常体检人群中随机抽取15名健康人作为对照组.分别用流式细胞技术和ELISA方法检测和分析T细胞活化指标(CD2+CD8+、CD28+CD4+、CD38+CD8+、HLA-DRCD8+、sCD27)与疾病分期、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的相关性.结果 HIV/AIDS的sCD27水平和HLA-DRCD8+和CD38+CD8+比例较正常人显著升高(P＜0.05),sCD27在AIDS C3期患者中明显升高,与B3期患者比较有显著性差异,CD28+CD4+、CD28+CD8+、HLA-DRCD8+和CD38+CD8+比例在CD4+T淋巴细胞计数超过200/ul的患者中显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 T淋巴细胞活化水平与AIDS病情进展密切相关,HIV/AIDS的T淋巴细胞活化水平明显升高,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数超过200/μl患者的T淋巴细胞活化水平高于CD4+T淋巴细胞计数低于200/μl的患者.     

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive blood donations

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) transmission by antibody (anti-HIV-1)-positive blood components, and to determine the immunologic and clinical course in HIV-1-infected recipients. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: We retrospectively tested approximately 200,000 donor blood component specimens stored in late 1984 and 1985 for anti-HIV-1, and we contacted recipients of positive specimens to determine their serologic status. They were compared with both recipients of HIV-1-negative transfusions and healthy (untransfused) controls. Subjects were seen at 3- to 6-month intervals for up to 4 years for clinical and immunologic evaluations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 133 recipients, 9 had other possible exposures. Excluding these cases, 111 of 124 (89.5%) were anti-HIV-1-positive (95% CI, 84.1% to 94.5%). The recipient's sex, age, underlying condition, and type of component did not influence infection rates. The cumulative risk for developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within 38 months after transfusion was 13% (CI, 7.5% to 21.6%). At 36 +/- 3 months after the index transfusion, seropositive recipients had lower counts of CD2+CDw26+, CD4+, CD4+CD29+, and CD4+CD45RA+subsets and more CD8+I2+ lymphocytes than did recipients of anti-HIV-1-negative transfusions. The CD4+ and CD2+CDw26+subsets changed the most rapidly. The absolute CD8+ count remained normal. CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion of anti-HIV-1-positive blood infected 90% of recipients. The rate of progression to AIDS within the first 38 months after infection was similar to that reported for homosexual men and hemophiliacs. Although most lymphocyte subset counts changed over time, CD8+ counts were constant.     

Do the molecules CD26 and lymphocytes activation gene-3 differentiate between type 1 and 2 T cell response?

BACKGROUND: The Th1/Th2 paradigm is considered to be responsible for the development of many immunological disorders, including atopic diseases and diabetes mellitus type 1. So far, however, no unequivocal markers identifying the two subpopulations of T cells have been found. OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of two putative markers of Th1-mediated disorders, CD26 and lymphocytes activation gene-3 molecules, on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of atopic and diabetic donors. METHODS: 11 patients (9 males/2 females, age range: 21-29, median age: 23) suffering from episodic atopic bronchial asthma (AO group) and 11 patients (9 males/2 females, age range: 33-47, median age: 42) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM group) were included into the study. Atopy was excluded in all diabetic patients. The following T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry (FAC-Scan): CD8+CD26+, CD4+CD26+, CD4+LAG-3+, CD8+LAG-3+, and CD56+. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis, and results were expressed as median and quartile range. RESULTS: Among all analyzed T cell subsets, the number of CD4+LAG-3+ and CD8+LAG-3+ cells was significantly higher in the A0 group--8.3% (5.4-11.7) vs DM 5.4% (3.9-5.9), p < 0.05, and 13.3% (8.8-19) vs DM: 7.1% (6.2-8.3), p < 0.008, respectively. The ratio between CD4+/CD8+ subsets was similar in both groups: CD4+CD26+/CD8+CD26+--AO: 7.2 (5.3-10.1); DM: 6.4 (5.5-12.6), p = 0.77 and CD4+LAG-3+/CD8+LAG-3+--AO: 0.64 (0.58-0.67); DM: 0.71 (0.64-0.78), p = 0.082. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the two examined putative markers of type 1 T cells do not discriminate between Th1- and Th2-dominated responses.     

Thoracoscopic talc poudrage decreases T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood

BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic talc poudrage induces peripheral blood granulocytosis and lymphopenia. The aim of this study is to investigate the type of lymphopenia in patients undergoing thoracoscopic talc poudrage. METHODS: We have measured peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 11 patients undergoing thoracoscopic talc poudrage, before (baseline), at 24 and 48 h after the procedure. Lymphocyte numbers were analysed by flow cytometry for the evaluation of the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells (total T-lymphocytes, helper T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, respectively), the CD19+ cells (B-lymphocytes), and the CD16+, CD56+ and CD57+ cells (NK-cells). No anti-inflammatory medication was permitted before, during or after the procedure. RESULTS: Absolute peripheral blood lymphocyte count significantly decreased following thoracoscopic talc poudrage compared to baseline values (p=0.007). Similarly, peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts significantly decreased compared to baseline (p=0.005, 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) with a more prominent reduction of CD3/CD45RO memory cells. No significant difference was found in the absolute number of CD19+, CD16+, CD56+, and CD57+ cells before and after thoracoscopic talc poudrage. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing thoracoscopic talc poudrage display peripheral blood T-lymphopenia following the procedure.     

CD28-T细胞亚群在类风湿关节炎患者外周血和关节液中的表达

目的 探讨CD28-T细胞亚群在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血和关节液中的变化和意义。方法 随机选择RA患者45例,取新鲜抗凝外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),其中15例同时提取关节液单个核细胞( SFMC),以流式细胞技术检测CD28-T细胞数量及其表面可诱导共刺激分子(ICOS)的表达。2 组间比较用独立样本t检验。结果 ①与PBMC相比,RA患者SFMC中CD4+CD28+ ICOS+、CD4+CD28-ICOS+、CD8+ CD28+、CD8+ CD28+ ICOS+T细胞明显升高[(36±19)％与(15±8)％,t=-4.234,P＜0.01;(2.1±2.2)％与(0.6±1.4)％,t=-3.143,P＜0.01;(62±15)％与(47±18)％,t=-2.885,P＜0.01;(9±9)％与(3±3)％,t=-2.131,P＜0.05];CD8+CD28-T细胞明显降低[(38±15)％与(54±18)％,t=2.975,P＜0.01];CD8+ CD28- ICOS+、C1D4+CD28+和CD4+CD28-T细胞无明显变化（P＞0.05）。②同一RA患者SFMC与PBMC相比,CD4+CD28+ICOS+、CD8+ CD28+T细胞明显升高[(38±18)％与(16±10)％,t=-4.065,P＜0.01;(61±16)％与(41±21)％,t=-2.883,P＜0.01];CD8+ CD28-T细胞明显降低[(39±16)％与(59±21)％,t=2.949,P＜0.01]。③缓解期与活动期RA患者相比,PBMC中CD4+CD28-、CD8+ CD28-、CD28-ICOS+T细胞无明显变化（P＞0.05）。结论 RA患者关节液中CD28-T细胞亚群失衡和ICOS分子表达异常,可能是导致RA关节损伤的重要机制。     

Reconstruction of the immune system after unrelated or partially matched T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation in children: immunophenotypic analysis and factors affecting the speed of recovery

We prospectively studied immune reconstitution in 102 children who underwent T-lymphocyte depleted bone marrow transplants using either closely matched unrelated donors or partially matched familial donors by assaying total lymphocyte counts (TLC), T-cell subsets, B cells, and natural killer cells. TLC, CD3+, and CD4+ T-cell counts remained depressed until 2 to 3 years posttransplant, whereas CD8+ T-cell counts normalized by 18 months, resulting in an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio until 12 months posttransplant. Although the percentage of NK cells was elevated early posttransplant, their absolute numbers remained normal. CD20+ B cells were depressed until 12 to 18 months posttransplant. Factors affecting immunophenotypic recovery were analyzed by nonparametric statistics. Younger patients tended to have higher TLC posttransplant. Higher marrow cell doses were not associated with hastened immunophenotypic recovery. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and/or its treatment significantly delayed the immune reconstitution of CD3+, CD4+, and CD20+ cells. The presence of cytomegalovirus was associated with increased CD8+ counts and a decrease in the percentages of CD4+ and CD20+ cells.     

Influence of HIV infection on changes in circulating leukocyte counts during measles in Zambian children

Measles remains an important problem in Africa, where human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is prevalent. To identify the consequences of coinfection, Zambian children hospitalized with measles were studied at entry, discharge, and 1 month after discharge. All children had low lymphocyte and eosinophil counts at entry and high leukocyte and monocyte counts during recovery. The death of cultured lymphocytes was more prolonged for HIV-positive children. CD38 and Fas were increased on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and CD28 was decreased on CD8+ lymphocytes in all children. Abnormalities in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte percentages and CD28 expression associated with HIV infection were preserved during measles. Therefore, the patterns of changes in leukocyte counts were similar, with little evidence that measles exacerbated HIV-associated lymphocyte abnormalities.