苏、皖地区汉族人群DNA修复基因XRCC1 Arg399Gln多态性与前列腺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究中国苏、皖汉族人群DNA修复基因X线修复交叉互补基因1(X-ray repair cross complementing group 1,XRCC1)Arg399Gln多态性,并探讨其在吸烟、饮酒与前列腺癌易感性关系中的影响。方法:采用病例-对照研究,提取207例前列腺癌患者(病例组)和235例非肿瘤、非前列腺疾病患者(对照组)外周血中基因组DNA,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析病例组和对照组的XRCC1基因Arg399Gln位点的多态性,比较不同基因型与前列腺癌易感性的关系,并探讨吸烟、饮酒等因素在其中的影响。结果:XRCC1第399密码子Arg/Gln基因型的个体其前列腺癌发病风险是Arg/Arg基因型的1.55倍(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.01~2.39),携带399Gln等位基因(Arg/Gln及Gln/Gln)的个体发生前列腺癌的风险性是Arg/Arg基因型的1.61倍(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.07~2.44)。在重度吸烟(吸烟指数≥20)人群中,携带399Gln等位基因的个体发生前列腺癌的风险性是Arg/Arg基因型的1.94倍(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.02~3.71)。在浅吸烟(吸烟仅入嘴中)人群中,携带399Gln等位基因的个体发生前列腺癌的风险性是Arg/Arg基因型的2.44倍(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.02~5.80)。结论:XRCC1 Arg399Gln位点多态性可能对前列腺癌遗传易感性产生影响,Arg/Gln、Gln/Gln可能是前列腺癌的易感基因型,并和吸烟在前列腺癌的发病中有一定的协同作用。     

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes OGG1 and XRCC1: Association with Gallbladder Cancer in North Indian Population

Background  DNA damage by endogenous or exogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in induction and progression of various cancers. Physiologically, gallbladder is likely to be exposed to various ROS which leads to extensive DNA damage. Cells overcome the DNA damage by repair mechanisms. Genetic variants of OGG1 and XRCC1, important enzymes participating in base excision repair pathway, may confer interindividual variations in susceptibility to gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study was aimed to examine the role of OGG1 Ser326Cys (rs1052133) and XRCC1 Arg194Trp (C > T) (rs25487) and Arg399Gln (G > A) (rs1799782) polymorphisms in GBC susceptibility. Methods  The study included 173 GBC patients and 204 controls. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Differences in the frequencies were estimated by chi-square test and risk was estimated by using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for age and gender. Results   OGG1 Cys/Cys genotype frequency was significantly higher in GBC patients [odds ratio (OR) = 2.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–7.51]. The increased risk was more pronounced in female GBC patients (OR = 5.92; 95%CI = 1.20–29.13), patients with gallstone (OR = 5.50; 95%CI = 1.99–15.16), female gender, and late onset of disease (OR = 4.72, 95%CI = 1.43–15.53). In XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism, significant differences in frequencies of Gln/Gln and Arg/Gln genotypes conferred significantly low risk for GBC (OR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.39–0.97 and OR = 0.37; 95%CI = 0.19–0.71 respectively). However, XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism was not associated with GBC. The carriers of Arg-Gln haplotype consisting of 194Arg and 399Gln alleles of XRCC1 were also at significant low risk for GBC (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.42–0.82). Interaction of genotypes and tobacco usage did not modulate the risk. Conclusion  Results suggest that Cys/Cys genotype of OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is associated with increased risk of GBC. However, Arg399Gln polymorphism and Arg-Gln haplotype comprising XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms conferred low risk for GBC susceptibility.     

Relationship between XRCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer in men from Han, Southern China

Aim： To investigate the association among XRCC1 polymorphisms, smoking, drinking and the risk of prostate cancer （PCa） in men from Han, Southern China. Methods： In a case-control study of 207 patients with PCa and 235 cancerfree controls, frequency-matched by age, we genotyped three XRCC1 polymorphisms （codons 194, 280 and 399） using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RELP） method. Results： Among the three polymorphisms, we found that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant allele was associated with increased PCa risk （adjusted odd ratio [OR]： 1.67, 95% confident interval [CI]： 1.11-2.51）, but the XRCC1 Arg 194Trp variant allele had a 38% reduction in risk of PCa （adjusted OR： 0.62, 95% CI： 0.41-0.93）. However, there was no significant risk of PCa associated with Arg280His polymorphism. When we evaluated the three polymorphisms together, we found that the individuals with 194Arg/Arg wild-type genotype, Arg280His and Arg399Gln variant genotypes had a significantly higher risk of PCa （adjusted OR： 4.31; 95% CI： 1.24-14.99） than those with three wild-type genotypes. In addition, we found that Arg399Gln variant genotypes had a significant risk of PCa among heavy smokers （adjusted OR： 2.04; 95% CI： 1.03-4.05）. Conclusion： These results suggest that polymorphisms of XRCC1 appear to influence the risk of PCa and may modify risks attributable to environmental exposure.     

XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 gene (XRCC1) Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the results from the published studies on the association between these two XRCC1 polymorphisms and PCa risk are conflicting. To derive a more precise estimation of association between the XRCC1 polymorphisms and risk of PCa, we performed a meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of XRCC1 polymorphisms and PCa risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Overall, we found that both Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms were not significantly associated with PCa risk. However, in stratified analysis by ethnicity, we found that the Arg399Gln polymorphism was significantly associated with PCa risk in Asian population (Gln/Gln vs Arg/Arg: OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.05-2.03, P=0.03; Gln/Gln vs Arg/Gln+Arg/Arg: OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.95, P=0.01). In this meta-analysis, we found that both Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms were not related to overall PCa risk. However, in subgroup analysis we found a suggestion that XRCC1 399Gln allele might be a low-penetrent risk factor for PCa only in Asian men.     

Association between polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and APE1, and the risk of prostate cancer in white and black Americans

PURPOSE: XRCC1 and APE1 are enzymes involved in the repair of DNA strand breaks and base damage that arise from various endogenous and exogenous oxidants. We determined whether polymorphisms in XRCC1 and APE1 increase the risk of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a case-control study in 228 white American men, 124 black American men, and 335 age, sex and race matched controls. Polymorphisms at codon 399 in XRCC1, and at codons 51 and 148 in APE1 were determined using an restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Frequencies were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: A significantly increased risk of prostate cancer was observed in white men with the XRCC1(399Gln) allele (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4). When APE1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms were evaluated together, we found an increased risk of the XRCC1(399Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln)/APE1(51Gln/Gln) (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 12.5) and XRCC1(399Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln)/APE1(148Asp/Asp) (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.1) genotypes in white men. Significant associations were found between combined genotypes and prostate cancer risk with a dose-effect relationship in white men (trend test p = 0.035 and 0.039, respectively). No significant associations were observed between polymorphisms in these genes and prostate cancer risk in black men. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that inherited variability in DNA repair capacity, as reflected by polymorphisms in XRCC1 and APE1, is a risk factor for prostate cancer.     

结直肠癌患者的DNA修复基因XRCC1单核苷酸多态研究

目的 探讨DNA碱基切除修复基因XRCC1单核苷酸多态与结直肠癌易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照分子流行病学方法,以聚合酶链反应-限制性酶切片段多态性(PCRRFLP)方法分析120例结直肠癌患者和150例正常对照XRCC1基因单核苷酸多态Arg194Trp和Arg399Gln的基因型分布,并比较不同基因型与结直肠癌风险的关系.结果 正常人群中194Arg/Arg、Arg/Trp和Trp/Trp基因型频率分别为52.0%、42.0%和6.0%,而结直肠癌患者中分别为40.8%、46.7%和12.5%,分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,趋势检验).与携带野生基因型Arg/Arg者比较,携带Trp/Trp基因型个体患结直肠癌的风险降低了1. 43倍(校正OR=2.43;95%CI=1.10～5.92).而194Arg/Trp基因型和Arg399Gln遗传多态则与结直肠癌风险无关.结论 DNA修复基因XRCC1 Arg194Trp多态可能是结直肠癌发生的遗传易感因素.     

DNA修复基因XRCC1多态与食管癌TNM分期及区域淋巴结转移的相关性研究

目的 研究DNA修复基因XRCC1 Arg194Trp和Arg399Gln多态与食管鳞状细胞癌临床病理TNM分期及区域淋巴结转移的相关性,探讨其对食管癌临床表型的影响.方法 以PCR和PCR-RFLP方法分析了182例食管癌病人的上述基因多态,比较不同TNM分期及区域淋巴结转移的食管癌病人各基因型频率分布的差异.结果 食管癌Ⅱb～Ⅳ期及有区域淋巴结转移病人XRCC1Arg194Trp基因型及Arg399Gln基因型频率与0～Ⅱa期及无区域淋巴结转移病人虽有差别,但无统计学意义.食管癌区域淋巴结转移病人携带XRCC1194Arg/Trp杂合型和399Arg/Arg野生型基因型频率为32.3%,显著高于携带XRCC1194Arg/Arg基因型的20.0%（P=0.01）.结论 DNA修复基因XRCC1多态中携带194变异型基因型和399野生型基因型的病人区域淋巴结转移率较高,病变进展较快,因此与食管癌TNM分期和区域淋巴结转移存在相关型,两者对食管癌病人的预后有影响.     

DNA repair gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in South Australia—results of a pilot study

ObjectiveSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes may impact on DNA damage, and cancer risk. To elucidate the role of SNPs in DNA repair genes in prostate cancer (PC) we conducted a case-control study comprising of 118 Caucasian men affected with late onset PC and 132 age-matched healthy controls from South Australia.Methods and materialsWe examined the association between PC risk with nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in 5 genes involved in 3 DNA-repair pathways: (1) base excision repair (BER): hOGG1 C1245G (Ser326Cys) and XRCC1 G28152A (Arg399Gln); (2) nucleotide excision repair (NER): XPD G23591A (Asp312Asn); (3) homologous recombination repair: RAD51 G135C (in 5′ untranslated region) and XRCC3 C18067T (Thr241Met).ResultsProstate cancer risk was significantly increased only for carriers of the G allele of the C1245G polymorphism in the hOGG1 gene (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.36–3.83; P = 0.002).ConclusionOur results suggest that this common nsSNP in a gene involved in repair of oxidative damage to DNA may contribute to PC susceptibility in South Australian men.     

Association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and male infertility: An update meta-analysis

Numerous studies concentrate on the association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphism and male infertility; however, the results remain inconclusive and inconsistent. Hence, this meta-analysis was conducted to get a precise estimation of the correlation. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify the all relevant studies before 3 May 2020. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Finally, six studies with 1,886 cases and 1,212 controls were included in our study. The result indicated that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was significantly associated with male infertility under allelic model (A-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 1.183, p = .003), heterozygote genetic model (AA vs. GA: OR = 1.256, p = .027), recessive genetic model (AA vs. GG + GA: OR = 1.279, p = .012) and dominant genetic model (AA + GA vs. GG: OR = 1.218, p = .026). In addition, in Asian subgroup, statistic correlation remained significant in allelic model (A-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 1.145, p = .025) with rare heterogeneity (I² = 0%). In summary, our meta-analysis suggested that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was significantly associated with male infertility and the A-allele might be a risk factor for this disease, especially in Asians.     

DNA修复基因多态性与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌易感性的相关性

目的 探讨上海地区汉族人群中DNA修复基因多态性与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌遗传易感性的关系. 方法 采用Taqman探针实时荧光定量PCR技术、病例对照研究方法,采集研究对象外周静脉血,检测94例病理证实原发非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者和304例非肿瘤对照者的3个DNA修复基因(XPC,XPG,XRCC1)中的3个单核苷酸多态性位点.应用非条件Logistic回归模型,调整混杂因素后,分析各基因型与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌发生的关系以及与肿瘤临床病理特征之间的关系. 结果 膀胱癌组的XPC 939 Lys/Gln和XPC 939Gln/Gln基因型频率(70.0%,63/90)显著高于对照组(60.9%,185/304),XPG 1104 Asp/His和XPG 1104 His/His基因型频率(79.2%,57/72)亦高于对照组(73.0%,203/278).调整性别、年龄、吸烟等因素后,XPC 939 Lys/Gln和XPC939Gln/Gln基因型频率在膀胱癌患者中明显增高(校正OR为1.89,95%CI 1.14～3.23,P=0.02);XPG 1104 Asp/His和XPG 1104 His/His基因型频率在膀胱癌患者中轻度增高(校正OR为1.07,95%CI 0.86～1.87,P=0.048).XRCC1 Arg399Gln多态性与膀胱癌无关性(校正OR为1.15,95%CI 0.55～2.40,p=0.27).XPC和XPG多态性与肿瘤临床病理特征之间均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 XPC Lys939Gln和XPG Asp1104His基因多态性与上海地区汉族人群非肌层浸润性膀胱癌易感性有关.     

XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in different populations: A meta-analysis

We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln in breast cancer. The results were pooled in a manner that appropriately reflects a biological model of gene effect using a random effects logistic regression model without multiple comparisons. Forty studies from 31 reports were included with 10 465 cases and 10 888 controls at Arg194Trp, 6156 cases and 5806 controls at Arg280His, and 21 467 cases and 22 766 controls at Arg399Gln. Our analysis found a tendency towards a recessive effect of Arg280His variant in Asian population only (His/His vs. Arg/Arg + Arg/His: OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 0.82, 6.31). An increased breast cancer risk with a recessive effect was also suggested for Arg399Gln variant in Asian population (Gln/Gln vs. Arg/Arg + Arg/Gln: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.22, 2.09) only. These findings suggest that polymorphisms Arg280His and Arg399Gln may modify breast cancer risk differently in Caucasian and Asian populations.     

Lack of association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism with the risk of end-stage renal disease

Abstract

The association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A 1166C (rs5186) gene polymorphism and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk remains controversial. We aimed to assess the association between AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism and ESRD susceptibility by performing a meta-analysis. Eligible studies were searched according to a predefined criterion using electronic databases. Eight articles were identified for the analysis of the association between AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism and ESRD risk. A allele and AA genotype were not associated with ESRD risk in overall populations, Caucasians and Asians (overall populations: p?=?0.834 and 0.832, Caucasians: p?=?0.853 and 0.884, Asians: p?=?0.243 and 0.982). CC and AC genotype were not associated with ESRD risk in overall populations, Caucasians and Asians (overall populations: p?=?0.304 and 0.712, Caucasians: p?=?0.510 and 0.987, Asians: p?=?0.319 and 0.225). In conclusion, AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism may not be correlated with ESRD risk in overall populations, Caucasians and Asians. However, more studies should be performed in the future.     

X线交错互补修复基因1和核苷酸剪切修复基因多态性与前列腺癌发病风险的相关性

目的 探讨DNA损伤修复基因X线交错互补修复基因1(XRCCI)、核苷酸剪切修复基因(XPD)基因多态性与前列腺癌发病风险的关系. 方法 以358例前列腺癌患者和312例健康对照者为研究对象,采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态技术检测XRCC1 C26304T、G28152A和XPD A35931C位点基因型,以非条件logistic回归分析计算比值比(OR)及95%可信区间(CI),评估不同基因型与前列腺癌风险之间的相关性. 结果 前列腺癌组XRCC1 28152位点AA基因型者47例(13.1%),对照组24例(7.1%),携带此基因型者患前列腺癌风险显著增加(OR 1.924,95%CI=1.126～3.288,P=0.017).2组间XRCC1 C26304T和XPD A35931C位点基因型分布差异无统计学意义.3个基因位点联合分析结果 显示,个体携带XRCCI 28152AA型及XPD 35931AC+CC型者发生前列腺癌风险显著增加(OR=3.087,95%CI 1.081～8.813;OR=3.376,95%CI 1.067～10.683,OR 3.216,95%CI=1.439～7.188,P=0.004).以患者年龄、PSA值、Gleason评分以及临床分期分层分析结果 显示,携带XRCC1 28152AA及XPD 35931AC+CC基因型者发病年龄明显低于携带野生基因型者(P<0.05). 结论 中国汉族人群XRCCl和XPD基因多态与前列腺癌发病有关,尤其是较年轻者.     

ALDH2 polymorphisms and bone mineral density in an elderly Japanese population

Introduction Osteoporosis is a multifactorial genetic disease which greatly increases the risk of bone fracture in elderly persons. Methods Four hundred and three recipients of a community health screening program were examined for the presence/absence of osteoporosis and 11 kinds of gene polymorphisms as a means of determining the relation between these gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis. The gene polymorphisms screened were: alcohol sensitivity-associated polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2) Arg47His, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) Glu487Lys, smoking sensitivity-associated polymorphisms of glutathione S transferase (GST) M1, (GST)T1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T, inflammation-associated polymorphisms of interleukin-1β (IL-1B)T-31C, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) T-1031C, endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) Glu298Asp, longevity-associated polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 5178 A/C, allergy-associated polymorphism of interleukin-4 (IL-4), and immunity-associated polymorphism of CD14. Results A significant association was found between the ALDH2Glu478Lys gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis. In the osteoporosis group of patients, a significant difference was noted between the Lys/Lys group and the group comprising Glu/Lys and Glu/Glu groups (namely, the genotypes including Glu alleles). In the Lys/Lys group, after age, sex, BMI, smoking history and alcohol consumption history had been adjusted for, the morbidity rate was significantly elevated [odds ratio (OR): 3.33; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.28–8.71; p=0.014], and the effect was even more evident in the sub-group of women with osteoporosis (OR: 4.31; 95% CI: 1.24–14.92; p=0.021). Conclusions The present results suggest that active prophylactic interventions such as dietary, exercise, and pharmacological therapies should be offered to non-carriers of the Glu allele (Lys/Lys).     

Polymorphism Arg290Arg in Esophageal-Cancer-Related Gene 1 (ECRG1) is a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Esophageal Cancer

Background  Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide and is associated with poor outcome. Besides clinicopathological data, few prognostic molecular markers exist. Esophageal-cancer-related gene1 (ECRG1) short tandem repeats are associated with higher risk for developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of DNA polymorphisms in the coding region of ECRG1 in esophageal carcinoma. Methods  Genomic DNA of 107 patients with esophageal cancer that underwent complete surgical resection between 1997 and 2005 was extracted. DNA was analyzed for ECRG1 polymorphisms Arg290Arg, Arg290Gln, and Gln290Gln by PCR and gel electrophoresis. Polymorphisms were correlated with survival data by the Kaplan–Meier method, multivariate Cox regression analysis, and odds ratio were determined. For all variables, cross tables were generated, followed by calculation of the p value by using the chi-square test/Fisher-exact test. Results  Follow-up data of 102 patients with esophageal cancer were available after complete surgical resection for a median follow-up time of 24.3 months. Polymorphism Arg290Arg was found in 47 patients (46.1%), Arg290Gln in 48 patients (47.0%), and Gln290Gln in seven cases (6.9%). Arg290Arg polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (p = 0.01) and tumor-free survival (p = 0.01) by the log-rank test. Multivariate regression analysis by Cox revealed polymorphism Arg290Arg to be a significant prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.012). Conclusions  Polymorphism Arg290Arg in ECRG1 is associated with poor clinical outcome after complete surgical resection in patients with esophageal cancer.     

Polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2B6 and prostate cancer risk: A significant association in a Japanese population

Objectives:   To explore whether Lys262Arg polymorphism of the Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) gene could act as a genetic marker for prostate cancer risk among Japanese men.
Methods:   A total of 350 patients with sporadic prostate cancer and 328 controls were examined. A single nucleotide polymorphism with non-synonymous amino acid change located at Lys262Arg of the CYP2B6 gene was genotyped using a TaqMan assay.
Results:   The frequency of the Arg/Arg genotype among prostate cancer patients was significantly higher than that among the controls ( P  = 0.027). The frequency of the G allele of the Lys262Arg polymorphism was also significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in the controls (30.4% vs 24.8%, P  = 0.025). Patients with the Lys/Arg plus Arg/Arg genotypes carried a low Gleason score more frequently than those with the Lys/Lys genotype ( P  = 0.042). The frequency of the G allele of the Lys262Arg polymorphism was significantly higher in the low Gleason score group than that in the high Gleason score group (34.3% vs 26.8%, P  = 0.038).
Conclusions:   Lys262Arg polymorphism of the CYP2B6 gene may be a genetic marker for evaluating the risk of sporadic prostate cancer in native Japanese men.     

脂氧酶12 编码区遗传变异与胃癌发病的关系

目的：探讨位于脂氧酶12（LOX12）基因编码区Arg261Gln单核苷酸多态与胃癌发病风险的关系。方法：用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）方法检测148例胃癌患者和148例无肿瘤正常对照人群的LOX12的基因型,并以Logistic回归模型计算各基因型与胃癌发病风险的关系。结果：LOX12 Arg261Gln等位基因频率在胃癌组中（0.544）高于正常组（0.443）。与Arg/Arg基因型携带者相比,Gln/Gln基因型携带者发生胃癌的风险增加（OR=2.26,95%CI=1.15~4.46,P=0.018）,而杂合基因型Arg/Gln不增加胃癌发病风险（OR=1.37,95%CI=0.77~2.44,P=0.284）。结论：LOX12编码区Arg261Gln遗传变异可能是胃癌发病的重要遗传易感因素。     

Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms with end-stage renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and objective: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is one of the potent regulators of intra renal hemodynamics. Polymorphisms of eNOS gene may be involved in the progression of renal disease, and may be the causative factors that contribute to the deterioration of renal functions. During the past decades, several studies investigated the association of eNOS polymorphisms with the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but the results remain unclear and the mechanisms are not defined. Our study was designed to examine the role of different eNOS genetic polymorphisms in the progression of ESRD. Materials and methods: Relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Embase, Medline and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database published between January 2000 and November 2013. The association between eNOS polymorphisms and ESRD susceptibility was assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in fixed or random effects models. Results: Sixteen articles were identified for the analysis of association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and ESRD risk. A total of 2729 patients and 2190 controls for 4b/a, 851 patients and 1171 controls for G894T, and 513 patients and 487 controls for T786C were included in our analysis. Overall, 4a allele of 4b/a polymorphism produced a significant association in the global population (OR?=?1.47, 95% CI?=?1.05–2.06, p?=?0.03) in a random-effect model; T allele of G894T was also significantly associated with ESRD susceptibility in overall populations (OR?=?2.12, 95% CI?=?1.44–3.12, p?=?0.0001). Furthermore, 4a and T carriers were significantly associated with ESRD risk as well. No association was found between T786C polymorphism and ESRD. Conclusion: The evidence accumulated suggested that 4b/a and G894T polymorphisms in the eNOS gene were associated with ESRD susceptibility, indicating that 4a and T allele carriers might become significant genetic molecular markers for the onset of ESRD in overall populations. However, more studies should be performed in the further studies.     

Relationship between GSTs Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to End Stage Renal Disease among North Indians

Background and Objective. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is the superfamily of genes that provides protection to the cells against reactive oxygen species and plays a vital role in phase II of biotransformation of many substances. Overexpression of GST (EC 2.5.1.18) has been documented in the erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure, which may be of clinical relevance. Keeping this background in mind, we have investigated the relationship between human GST gene polymorphism in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Design and Methods. We have assessed 184 patients with ESRD and 569 age-and sex-matched controls from North India. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GSTP1–313 A/G mutation was determined by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Results. The gene frequency of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism were evaluated. We observed that GSTM1 null genotype was present in 46.74% of the ESRD patients while GSTT1 null genotype was present in 58.7% of the ESRD subjects. The genotypic distribution of GSTP1 was Ile₁₀₅/Ile₁₀₅ in 47.3%, Ile₁₀₅/Val₁₀₅ in 30.97% and Val₁₀₅/Val₁₀₅ in 21.74% of ESRD patients. There was a significant association of null alleles of the GSTM1 (p = 0.0386; OR = 1.445, 95% CI = 1.033–2.021) and GSTT1 (p ≤ 0.0001; OR = 4.568, 95% CI = 3.215–6.492) and in the -313 G alleles (Val) of the GSTP1 gene (p = 0.0032; OR = 1.956, 95% CI = 1.265–3.024) with end stage renal disease. The combined analysis of the three genotypes showed a further increased risk to ESRD (p ≤ 0.0001; OR = 9.01, 95% CI = 5.55–14.626). Interpretations and Conclusions. The null / low polymorphism of the detoxifying enzymes GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 are associated with the risk of developing ESRD in North Indian patients.     

Association between Decreased Kidney Function and Endotoxin Receptor CD14 C-159T Polymorphism among Japanese Health Check-up Examinees

Background. A recently identified promoter polymorphism of the endotoxin receptor (CD14 C-159T) was shown to be associated with atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction. This study was conducted to determine whether this polymorphism is associated with decreased kidney function. Methods. A total of 281 male and 522 female health check-up examinees, aged 39–88 years, were genotyped for CD14 C-159T. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation. Estimated GFR (eGFR) and the proportion of subjects with mildly decreased eGFR (eGFR under 90 mL/min/1.73 m²) were compared among the genotypes. Results. Subjects carrying the T allele showed decreased age- and sex-adjusted eGFR compared with those with CC genotype (101±22 vs. 105±23 mL/min/1.73 m²; mean±SD, p?=?0.012). The proportion of subjects with mildly decreased eGFR was higher in T allele carriers (34.2% for TT+CT and 26.3% for CC genotype, p?=?0.041), but not statistically significant when adjusted for age and sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–2.05, p?=?0.076). In subjects under 65 years, T allele carriers had a significantly increased risk for mildly decreased eGFR (27.1% for TT+CT and 18.0% for CC; age- and sex-adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.06–3.12, p?=?0.030). Conclusion. CD14-159T allele was associated with decreased eGFR compared with CC genotype, and with a higher prevalence of mildly decreased eGFR in younger subjects under 65.