Effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer on oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer may have an effect on oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer in HD patients. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of vitamin E-coated dialyzer versus conventional dialyzer for HD patients were searched from multiple databases. We screened relevant studies according to predefined inclusion criteria and performed meta-analyses using RevMan 5.1 software. Results: Meta-analysis showed vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy could significantly decrease the serum thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) (SMD, ?0.95; 95% CI, ?1.28 to ?0.61; p?p?=?0.005), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD, ?0.65; 95% CI, ?0.97 to ?0.32; p?p?=?0.03) compared with that of the control group. However, vitamin E-coated dialyzer did not result in increasing the total antioxidant status (TAS) (SMD, 0.23; 95% CI, ?0.16 to 0.61; p?=?0.25) and the fractional clearance of urea index (Kt/v) levels (MD, ?0.07; 95% CI, ?0.14 to 0.00; p?=?0.06), in addition, there was no significant difference in plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) level compared with that of the conventional dialyzer &; oral vitamin E group (SMD, 0.28; 95% CI, ?0.20 to 0.75; p?=?0.26). Conclusions: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer can reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation status reflected by the decreasing of serum TBARS, oxLDL, CRP, and IL-6 levels, and this new dialyzer does not affect the dialysis adequacy.     

Effect of peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis on renal anemia in renal in end-stage disease patients: a meta-analysis

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) on renal anemia (RA) in renal disease patients by a meta-analysis. Relevant studies published before June 2015 were searched. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the effect of HD and PD on RA based on five indexes: hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation index, serum albumin, and parathyroid hormone. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were conducted to evaluate the stability and reliability of our results. A total of fourteen eligible studies with 1103 cases underwent HD and 625 cases underwent PD were used for this meta-analysis. There were no significant difference for levels of hemoglobin (SMD?=??0.23, 95% CI: ?0.74 to 0.28), ferritin (SMD?=?0.01, 95% CI: ?0.59 to 0.62), parathyroid hormone (SMD?=?0.11, 95% CI: ?1.53 to 1.75) and transferrin saturation index (SMD?=??0.06, 95% CI: ?0.67 to 0.56) between HD and PD group. However, the content of serum albumin in HD group was much more than that in PD group (SMD?=?1.58, 95% CI: 0.35 to 2.81). Neither of the included studies could reverse the pooled side effect and Egger’s test demonstrated no publication bias. Both of the two dialysis strategies have a similar effect on RA in renal disease patients.     

Effects of far infrared therapy on arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis

Background: Far infrared (FIR) therapy may have a beneficial effect on maturity and function of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, we performed this pooled analysis to assess the protective effects of FIR therapy in HD patients.

Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of FIR therapy for HD patients were searched from multiple databases. Relevant studies were screened according to the predefined inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.2 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK).

Results: Meta-analysis showed that FIR therapy could significantly increase the vascular access blood flow level (MD, 81.69?ml/min; 95% CI, 46.17–117.21; p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: FIR therapy can reduce AVFs occlusion rates and needling pain level, while significantly improve the level of vascular access blood flow, AVFs diameter and the primary AVFs patency.     

Efficacy and safety of expanded hemodialysis in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review

BackgroundExpanded hemodialysis (HDx) is a new dialysis modality, but a systematic review of the clinical effects of using HDx is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of HDx for hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for prospective interventional studies comparing the efficacy and safety of HDx with those of high flux HD or HDF in HD patients.ResultsEighteen trials including a total of 853 HD patients were enrolled. HDx increased the reduction ratio (RR) of β2-microglobulin (SMD 6.28%, 95% CI 0.83, 1.73, p = .02), κFLC (SMD 15.86%, 95% CI 6.96, 24.76, p = .0005), and λFLC (SMD 22.42%, 95% CI, 17.95, 26.88, p < .0001) compared with high flux HD. The RR of β2-microglobulin in the HDx group was lower than that in the HDF group (SMD −3.53%, 95% CI −1.16, −1.9, p < .0001). HDx increased the RRs of κFLC (SMD 1.34%, 95% CI 0.52, 2.16, p = .001) and λFLC (SMD 7.28%, 95% CI 1.08, 13.48, p = .02) compared to HDF. There was no significant difference in albumin loss into the dialysate between the HDx and HDF groups (SMD 0.35 g/session, 95% CI −2.38, 3.09, p = .8).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicated that compared with high-flux HD and HDF, HDx can increase the clearance of medium and large-molecular-weight uremic toxins. And it does not increase the loss of albumin compared with HDF.     

Blood oxidative stress and lipoprotein oxidizability in haemodialysis patients: effect of the use of a vitamin E-coated dialysis membrane.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has been shown in haemodialysis patients in relation with an increased production of free radicals due to membrane-induced complement and leukocyte activation. In order to minimize membrane bioincompatibility and thereby oxidative stress, more compatible filters have been perfected. Among them, a high-flux vitamin E-coated membrane (CL-EE) has been proposed recently. In vivo, little data is available on the consequences of the use of vitamin E-coated membranes. In the present study, the effects of a 3-month use of CL-EE dialysis membranes compared to conventional membranes have been evaluated in 12 haemodialysis patients on the blood oxidative stress status before and after the dialysis session. METHODS: We determined the lipid peroxidation status (plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and antioxidant defence (erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities, plasma vitamin E, beta-carotene, vitamin A and total antioxidant status). Also, we simultaneously determined the antioxidant content and the copper oxidizability of isolated low density- and high density-lipoproteins (LDLs and HDLs). RESULTS: The main consequence observed under these conditions was a marked enrichment of plasma with vitamin E, which was also significantly and selectively noted in HDLs (no changes in LDL vitamin E content), perhaps related to a specific storage capacity for vitamin E in HDLs of haemodialysis patients. The beta-carotene content of plasma, LDLs and HDLs was also higher after use of vitamin E-coated membranes than after use of high-flux biocompatible membranes. HDL copper oxidizability was reduced (as shown by an increased lag time) before dialysis after use of CL-EE membranes compared to conventional membranes, whereas LDL oxidizability remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: A 3-month use of vitamin E-coated membranes resulted in a significant increase in plasma and HDL vitamin E content, associated with a lower oxidizability of HDLs, which could be beneficial for haemodialysis patients.     

Vitamin D deficiency and the risk of anemia: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract

Aims: Anemia and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) are both very important health issues, recent accumulating evidence shows that VDD is prevalent in individuals with anemia. This meta-analysis aimed to detect a relationship between VDD and anemia. Methods: We identified eligible studies by searching the Pub Med, Embase and Cochrane Library before October 2014. Quality assessments were performed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Cochran’s Q test and source of heterogeneity was detected by subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of seven studies involving 5183 participants were included in the meta-analysis. VDD was associated with an increased incidence of anemia (OR?=?2.25, 95% CI?=?1.47–3.44), with significant evidence of heterogeneity among these studies (p for heterogeneity <0.001, I²?=?84.0%). The subgroup and sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results and no publication bias was detected. Conclusion: Our outcomes showed that VDD increased the risk of developing anemia. More researches are warranted to clarify an understanding of the association between VDD and risk of anemia.     

Safety and cardiovascular effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for patients receiving hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Cardiovascular disease is an important factor in the mortality and morbidity of patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. Although mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may have potential benefits on the cardiovascular system, their safety for patients on hemodialysis remains unclear, considering the differences between the results of already performed clinical trials. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed databases were searched for relevant clinical trials. The Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool was employed to evaluate the quality of the randomized controlled trials. Revman 5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis. Results Eleven studies (n=379) were included in the systematic review and five randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis (n=248). Mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs) did not increase predialysis potassium levels significantly (0.11, 95% confidence interval ?0.03 to 0.25, p?=?0.11). However, the studies included in this review reported inconsistently with respect to effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular hypertrophy, and quantitative analysis was not performed due to insufficient data. One trial showed that the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were associated with decreased carotid intima-media thickness and other articles concluded that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists had no effect on aortic stiffness. Conclusion It is safe to use low dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on patients receiving hemodialysis, at the end of each session of hemodialysis, and close monitoring of serum potassium levels and possible side effects is necessary. The cardiovascular actions still need to be explored and large scale RCTs are in progress.     

A meta-analysis of the association between diabetic patients and AVF failure in dialysis

Purpose: The most preferable vascular access for patients with end-stage renal failure needing hemodialysis is native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) on account of its access longevity, patient morbidity, hospitalization costs, lower risks of infection and fewer incidence of thrombotic complications. Meanwhile, according to National Kidney Foundation (NKF)?Dialysis Out-comes Quality Initiative (DOQI) guidelines, AVF is more used than before. However, a significant percentage of AVF fails to support dialysis therapy due to lack of adequate maturity. Among all factors, the presence of diabetes mellitus was shown to be one of the risk factors for the development of vascular access failure by some authors. Therefore, this review evaluates the current evidence concerning the correlation of diabetes and AVF failure.

Methods: A search was conducted using MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, SPRINGER, WILEY-BLACKWELL, KARGER, EMbase, CNKI and WanFang Data from the establishment time of databases to January 2016. The analysis involved studies that contained subgroups of diabetic patients and compared their outcomes with those of non-diabetic adults. In total, 23 articles were retrieved and included in the review.

Results: The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significantly higher rate of AVF failure in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients (OR?=?1.682; 95% CI, 1.429–1.981, Test of OR?=?1: z?=?6.25, p?<.001).

Conclusions: This review found an increased risk of AVF failure in diabetes patients. If confirmed by further prospective studies, preventive measure should be considered when planning AVF in diabetic patients.     

Effects of hemodialysis dose on anemia,hypertension, and nutrition

There is good evidence that by improving dialysis adequacy, morbidity, and mortality of hemodialysis (HD) patients decrease. Dialysis adequacy has also been related to the better control of arterial blood pressure (BP), anemia and improvement of patients' nutritional status. This is a self-control study of 34 HD patients, (23 males, 11 females), aged 52.6 +/- 15.5 years, HD duration 55.9 +/- 61.2 months, referring to the effect of increasing delivered dialysis dose, over a two-year period, on their clinical and laboratory parameters. Delivered HD dose increased statistically significantly: Urea reduction ratio (URR) increased from 52 +/- 8 to 71 +/- 7% and Kt/V from 0.93 +/- 0.19 to 1.55 +/- 0.29 (p < 0.001). Hb increased statistically significantly from 10.4 +/- 1.7 to 11.0 +/- 1.3 g/dL (p < 0.05) while no difference has been noticed in weekly EPO dose. Both systolic and diastolic BP decreased statistically significantly (from 147 +/- 24 to 133 +/- 25mmHg and from 73 +/- 12 to 66 +/- 13 mmHg respectively, p = 0.001). Serum albumin increased from 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 4.6 +/- 0.3g/dL (p = 0.002) and nPCR from 0.93 +/- 0.16 to 1.20 +/- 0.17 (p < 0.001). We conclude that increasing dialysis dose results in both clinical and laboratory improvement regarding hypertension, nutritional status and control of HD patients' anemia.     

不同透析频率对维持性血液透析患者贫血状况的影响

目的 研究不同透析频率对维持性血液透析患者的贫血的影响.方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血净中心MHD患者,年龄超过18岁,透析龄在1年以上,透析方式均采用Fx60高通量血液透析,每次透析时间均为4h.根据透析方案的不同将维持性血液透析患者分为3组.A组:每周透析4次;B组:每周透析3次;C组:每周透析2次.所有患者均根据指南常规给予降压、补充促红素、铁剂、维生素、叶酸及活性维生素D3等.分别观察各组患者基线及透析1年后的HGB、血清铁蛋白、转铁饱和度、维生素B12、叶酸、ALB、CRP、Scr、BUN、PTH.结果 资料完整的患者共67例,其中男33例,女34例,年龄21～80岁,平均年龄(55±14)岁,其中A组共16例:男9例,女7例;B组共27例:男13例,女14例;C组共24例:男11例,女13例.A、B、C三组患者基本资料对比及基线各项指标对比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).透析1年后三组患者的HGB、CRP、ALB、BUN、Scr、PTH差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而血清铁蛋白、转铁饱和度、维生素B12、叶酸、Kt/v对比差异无统计学意义.透析1年后三组间两两比较,A组与C组比较HGB、ALB、CRP、Scr、BUN、PTH差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组与C组比较HGB、ALB、CRP、Scr、PTH差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组与B组比较所有指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 每周透析4次及3次的患贫血状况较每周透析2次的要好,每周透析4次与每周透析3次的患者差异不大.所以维持性血液透析患者保证每周透析3次,在改善营贫血状况有着重要的临床意义.     

Effect of statins on chronic inflammation and nutrition status in renal dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) may have an adjunctive effect on chronic inflammation and nutrition status in renal dialysis patients. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of statins on chronic inflammation and nutrition status in dialysis patients. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins versus placebo or no treatment for renal dialysis patients were searched from PubMed, EMbase and Cochran Central Register of Controlled Trials. We screened relevant studies according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluated the quality of the included studies, and performed meta‐analyses by using the Cochrane Collaboration's Revman 5.1 software. Results: We identified nine trials including 3098 patients. Meta‐analysis showed statins can significantly decrease the serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) (SMD, ?0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), ?1.04 to ?0.05; P = 0.03) and high sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP) level (SMD, ?0.72; 95% CI, ?1.14 to ?0.31; P = 0.0007) of dialysis patients compared with that of the control group. However, statins did not differ significantly from the control group in increasing the serum Alb level (SMD, ?0.13; 95% CI, ?0.42 to 0.15; P = 0.37). Conclusions: Statins can improve the chronic inflammation status reflected by the decreasing of serum CRP and hs‐CRP levels, whereas there is no conclusive evidence that it can improve the nutrition status. However, this result needs to be further confirmed in more high‐quality randomized clinical trials.     

Effects of large dose vitamin E supplementation on anemia in hemodialysis patients

In order to clarify the effect of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) on anemia and the osmotic fragility of red blood cells (RBC) plasma and RBC levels of vitamin E were measured in 30 regular dialysis patients before and after oral supplementation of vitamin E, 600 mg daily for 30 days. Plasma levels of vitamin E were in the normal range (10.67 +/- 0.85, 9.73 +/- 0.77 microgram/ml) but RBC levels in packed red cells were significantly lower than healthy controls (0.57 +/- 0.05, 0.45 +/- 0.07 microgram/ml). Oral supplementation of vitamin E increased both plasma (20.37 +/- 1.61 micrograms/ml) and RBC vitamin E (1.56 +/- 0.11 micrograms/ml) in packed red cells, while in unsupplemented patients, vitamin E levels remained unchanged. In patients receiving vitamin E, mean osmolarities at the beginning and end of hemolysis decreased from 102.8 +/- 0.9 to 98.9 +/- 0.7 and 72.1 +/- 1.1 to 67.4 +/- 0.8 mosm/l, respectively. In addition, the hematocrit increased from 26.1 +/- 1.0 to 28.1 +/- 1.2%. These changes are statistically significant (less than 0.05). In conclusion, the oral supplementation of vitamin E could be of clinical benefit in correcting anemia in regular dialysis patients by reducing the fragility of RBCs.     

维生素E对维持性血液透析患者静脉补铁诱导的氧化应激及脂代谢紊乱的影响

目的 探讨口服维生素E对静脉补铁诱导的氧化应激及脂质代谢紊乱的影响.方法 选择维持性血液透析合并肾性贫血患者40例,按随机数字表法分为静脉补铁组及静脉补铁+维生素E组,每组20例.健康对照组20名.静脉补铁组所有患者行血液透析治疗时由静脉输入100 mg蔗糖铁注射液,起始为每周2～3次,完成总剂量1000 mg后改为每周或2周1次,使患者的铁蛋白维持在100～300μg/L之间.静脉补铁+维生素E组:除按上述方法补铁外同时口服维生素E 200 mg,每日2次.两组患者同时每周使用促红素治疗(每周100～150 U/kg)并检测三组治疗前和补铁组、补铁+维生素E组治疗1、6个月血脂及氧化应激指标.结果 治疗1个月后,补铁组丙二醛(MDA)、终末氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)、总胆固醇(TCH),脂蛋白Lp(a)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)含量与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、ApoAl含量比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)比较则无明显变化.补铁+维生素E组TCH水平与补铁组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而SOD、GSH-Px、AOPP、MDA、TG、LDL、HDL、VLDL载脂蛋白Al(ApoAl)、ApoB、Lp(a)比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗6个月后,补铁+维生素E组SOD、GSH-Px、ApoAl与补铁组比较比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);AOPP、MDA、TCH、Lp(a)、ApoB比较差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而TG、LDL、HDL、VLDL则无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 静脉补铁可以加重维持性血液透析患者体内的氧化应激水平及脂代谢紊乱.长时间口服维生素E可以改善维持性血液透析患者静脉补铁诱导的氧化应激及脂代谢紊乱.     

维持性血液透析患者贫血及相关因素分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)达标情况及其相关影响因素。方法选择2014年1月1日至2015年1月1日间在我院血液透析中心规律行血液透析3个月以上的终末期肾脏疾病患者作为研究对象,收集患者的基本资料(年龄、性别、原发病、体质量、透析时间、透析频率、药物使用情况等)和实验室指标(Hb、铁蛋白、血白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐等)以及促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)及铁剂使用情况;统计本中心患者Hb达标情况,再根据Hb水平进行分组,采用χ~2检验比较各组间Hb达标情况及EPO、铁剂的使用情况,并对EPO剂量采用Pearson线性相关分析,铁剂的使用采用秩相关分析。结果①本次研究共纳入的257例MHD患者中,按Hb≥110 g/L为达标Hb进行统计,达标患者123例(占46.70%),未达标患者134例(占53.3%)。Hb达标率与国内研究相比基本相似,较国际发达国家水平低。将患者按原发病发病率分组,发病率前五位的分别为高血压肾病92例(占35.80%),慢性肾小球肾炎82例(占31.91%),糖尿病肾脏疾病40例(占15.56%),多囊肾病7例(占2.72%),痛风6例(占2.33%);不同原发病之间贫血患病率的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。②将患者按Hb值分组,未达标组的EPO使用量较达标组的EPO使用量低[(60.54±50.41)IU·Kg~(-1)·W~(-1)比(136.51±36.32)IU·Kg~(-1)·W~(-1),P0.001],未达标组静脉铁剂使用量比达标组低[(139.01±52.08)mg比(150.00±78.59)mg,P0.001],2组的年龄、体质量、透析时间、铁蛋白、血白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。根据患者使用铁剂的情况分组,静脉铁剂组和口服铁剂组间Hb水平的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。③通过相关分析显示,Hb与EPO剂量呈正相关(r=0.849,P0.01),而与铁剂的使用呈正相关(r=0.196,P0.01)。结论①本血液透析中心MHD患者的贫血治疗达标率为46.7%,与国内研究相比基本相似,较国际发达国家水平低;②使用EPO治疗的MHD患者有着更高的Hb水平和Hb达标率;③使用铁剂的MHD患者中,Hb达标例数比未使用铁剂组高,但使用静脉铁剂组与口服铁剂组间Hb水平差异无统计学意义;④通过相关性分析显示,Hb与EPO剂量呈强正相关,与铁剂的使用呈弱正相关。     

The dose of dialysis in hemodialysis patients: impact on nutrition

Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that the dose of hemodialysis impacts upon patient outcome. Among these outcome measures, nutrition is inextricably linked to the adequacy of the treatment. All of the methods of determining dialysis adequacy are based on assessing the removal of toxic substances retained in renal failure, the majority of which are derivatives of protein metabolism. Urea kinetics, employing urea as a surrogate for quantifying the elimination of small molecular weight nitrogenous substances, is the method that has been most thoroughly validated to date as defining a dose range for thrice-weekly hemodialysis: Both inadequate and optimal levels of hemodialysis dose have been identified by prospective, randomized clinic trials utilizing Kt/V(urea) as the index of adequacy. The impact of urea kinetics on nutritional status during thrice-weekly hemodialysis is discussed. Recently, in an attempt to improve outcome beyond that achievable with thrice-weekly hemodialysis, alternative regimens, consisting of daily treatments, have received increasing interest. In order to compare the dose of hemodialysis associated with these regimens with conventional thrice-weekly regimens in terms of removal of small molecular weight substances, standard Kt/V(urea), a parameter that combines treatment dose with treatment frequency, and thus allows for various intermittent therapies to be compared to continuous therapy, must be used. In addition, membrane flux and middle molecule removal, factors that have not yet been well defined as parameters of adequacy during thrice-weekly regimens, may be shown to be important indices with longer hemodialysis treatments, particularly daily nocturnal hemodialysis. The impact that these alternative regimens have had on nutritional status in hemodialysis patients and how they compare to conventional therapy are important considerations.     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者生活质量调查

目的 评估维持性血液透析(MHD)与持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者生活质量情况,探讨MHD和CAPD患者生活质量的影响因素.方法 选取2016年7月～9月在郑州大学第一附属医院肾脏内科和血液净化中心随访的118例MHD患者和76例CAPD患者的临床和问卷调查资料.采用KDQOL-SFTM 1.3进行问卷分析,评估MHD与CAPD患者的生活质量.结果 MHD患者KDTA评分为(62.4±11.3)分,SF-36评分为(58.3±17.9)分,明显低于一般人群(P＜0.05).在各分维度评分中11个分维度评分略高于美国,6个分维度评分略高于西班牙;与国内广州调查数据相比,各维度评分均有明显改善,且与沈阳和合肥调查数据持平.CAPD患者KDTA评分为(71.4±8.9)分,SF-36评分为(61.6±16.3)分,明显低于一般人群(P＜0.05).在各分维度评分中7个分维度显著高于中国香港,其余均较中国香港偏低;与国内广州调查数据相比各维度评分均有明显改善,且与沈阳和合肥调查数据持平.MHD患者KDTA和SF-36整体评分显著低于CAPD患者(P＜0.05).在KDTA各分维度评分中,CAPD患者均高于MHD患者,且在肾脏疾病对日常生活的影响(EKD)、肾脏疾病导致的生活负担(BKD)、工作情况(WS)、认知功能(CF)、社交质量(QSI)、性功能(SexF)、社会支持(SoS)、患者满意度(PS)方面差异明显(P＜0.05);在SF-36评分中在生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、总体健康(GH)、情感状况(EWB)、情感职能(RE)各维度中,CAPD组患者均高于MHD患者且差异明显(P＜0.05).对于MHD患者,生活质量在性别、文化程度、家庭年收入、医保情况、原发病因、透析龄方面存在差异(P＜ 0.05),且在SGA评分、血白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(HB)、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、钙磷乘积(Ca×P)方面均存在相关性(P＜0.05).透析龄、性别(女)、原发病(糖尿病肾病)、iPTH、Kt/V、SGA评分是影响MHD患者生活质量的独立危险因素;对于CAPD患者,职业状况、医保情况、原发病因、透析龄方面存在差异(P＜0.05),且在SGA评分、ALB、HB、Kt/V方面存在相关性(P＜0.05),原发病(糖尿病肾病)、Kt/V、ALB、SGA评分是影响CAPD患者生活质量的独立危险因素.结论 MHD患者和CAPD患者整体生活质量较低,与发达国家和地区存在差距;CAPD和MHD患者生活质量均受不同因素影响,其中原发病(糖尿病肾病)、Kt/V、SGA评分是共同独立影响因素.     

Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on renal anemia in patients on hemodialysis: a meta-analysis

International Urology and Nephrology - l-carnitine is an amino acid derivative that is thought to be helpful for treating renal anemia in hemodialysis patients. However, the mechanism remains to be...     

Long-term use of vitamin E-coated polysulfone membrane reduces oxidative stress markers in haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and an independent predictor of overall mortality and cardiovascular outcome in haemodialysis (HD) patients. In the present study, we compared the effects of a vitamin E-coated polysulfone membrane (PSE) and a non-vitamin E-coated polysulfone membrane (PS) on oxidative stress markers such as ADMA. METHODS: Thirty-one HD patients were enrolled to this investigation. They were allocated into two groups: in the PSE group (n = 16), PSE was used for 6 months, followed by PS for an additional 12 months; in the PS group (n = 15), PS was used for the entire observation period. Plasma ADMA, oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde LDL (MDA-LDL) levels were measured at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Plasma ADMA in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and in healthy individuals was also measured. RESULTS: Predialysis concentrations of ADMA (0.72+/- 0.13 nmol/ml) were significantly higher in the HD group than in both PD patients (0.63+/-0.10 nmol/ml, P<0.01) and healthy individuals (0.44+/-0.01 nmol/ml, P<0.0001). Treatment with PSE for 6 months significantly reduced predialysis levels of ADMA (0.54+/-0.09 nmol/ml) compared with baseline (0.74+/-0.12 nmol/ml; P<0.01). Predialysis levels of Ox-LDL and MDA-LDL after 6 months therapy with PSE were also significantly lower than baseline values. Treatment with PS subsequent to treatment with PSE again increased ADMA, Ox-LDL and MDA-LDL back to baseline levels. In the PS group, ADMA, Ox-LDL and MDA-LDL levels remained unchanged during the entire treatment period of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that use of PSE reduced ADMA that had accumulated in HD patients. This finding indicates that PSE exerts anti-oxidant activity. A randomized controlled study will be required to determine whether PSE prevents cardiovascular diseases and other dialysis-related complications by reducing oxidative stress.     

高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者营养状态的影响

目的 研究高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者透析期间营养状态的影响.方法 采用前瞻性、自身对照设计.44例常规低通量血液透析患者转换为高通量透析(Fresenius FX60-FX80,超纯透析液)治疗半年.采用单因素方差分析比较试验前(0月)、试验后6个月与试验后12个月患者食欲评分、主观综合性营养评估、体质指数、透析前血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、血磷、血钙、全段甲状旁腺激素、白蛋白、C-反应蛋白、血红蛋白、红细胞压积等指标水平的变化.结果 高通量透析6、12个月后,较低通量透析时患者食欲、主观营养评估及体质指数均有改善,差异有统计学意义.血尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、血钙等生化指标在转化为高通量透析后与低通量时比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).高通量透析后12个月与6个月比较,C反应蛋白、白蛋白、全段甲状旁腺激素、血磷、血红蛋白、红细胞压积等指标亦有改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高通量透析能提高患者的食欲,改善营养状态,降低炎症指标,改善贫血和钙磷代谢紊乱,进而提高血液透析患者的生存质量.