Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Severely Neutropenic Children with Malignant Disorders using Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome), Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, and Surgery: Report of Five Cases

Five children with malignancies developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. All patients were treated with liposomal amphotericin B and human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Two patients did not recover from bone marrow aplasia and died from organ-infiltrating fungal invasion. Two patients who recovered from bone marrow aplasia survived after surgery of the pulmonary lesions. The fifth patient had a complete resolution of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after neutrophil recovery without surgical intervention. We conclude that not only the antifungal treatment but also the recovery of granulocytes are important in localizing invasive forms of Aspergillus infections in patients with profound immunosuppression.     

两性霉素B脂质体治疗早产儿侵袭性真菌感染的疗效

目的分析早产儿侵袭性真菌感染的高危因素、临床特征,观察两性霉素B脂质体治疗的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析21例侵袭性真菌感染早产儿的临床资料,根据临床特点、实验室检查确诊病例10例,临床诊断11例。应用两性霉素B脂质体治疗,剂量由0.1mg.kg-1.d-1开始,后每天或隔天加0.1mg.kg-1,每周复查1,3-β-D葡聚糖,结合临床继续增加至1～3mg.kg-1.d-1。同时每周监测肝肾功能及血常规。结果早产儿侵袭性真菌感染的高危因素是低胎龄儿、极低出生体质量儿、使用中心静脉导管、胃肠外营养、气管插管及长期应用抗生素。临床特征非特异性,各种体液培养以白色念珠菌为主;血1,3-β-D葡聚糖检测均>1500pg.L-1。本组治愈17例,有效2例,放弃、死亡各1例;未见明显不良反应。结论NICU中侵袭性真菌感染发病率日益增高,应重视其发病高危因素,血1,3-β-D葡聚糖监测非常必要,两性霉素B脂质体治疗早产儿侵袭性真菌感染安全、有效。