Relationship between fibrinolytic and metabolic variables: a study in patients attending a lipid clinic

We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of metabolic and fibrinolytic variables in 163 fasted patients attending a lipid clinic. Of these patients, 118 had hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and 45 had normotriglyceridaemia (NTG). In HTG, basal fibrinolytic activity, ie tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, was impaired as a result of high plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified insulin and triglyceride levels as independent determinants of plasma PAI-1 levels (R² = 0.18; P = 0.0001). When the patients were stratified into tertiles according to their levels of triglyceride and insulin, PAI-1 antigen levels were found to increase with rising levels of triglyceride in each insulin tertile. In contrast, the increase of PAI-1 with rising insulin levels was evident in the highest triglyceride tertile. In addition, subjects in the lowest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the lowest PAI-1 antigen levels, and subjects in the highest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the highest levels of PAI-1. Both basal and stimulated levels of t-PA antigen were significantly higher in HTG than in NTG. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified triglyceride level as the sole major determinant of t-PA antigen levels (R² = 0.13; P = 0.00003). The observation that both insulin and triglycerides correlate with PAI-1, whereas triglycerides were involved only in the increased secretion of t-PA, suggests that these two proteins are regulated by different mechanisms.     

慢性心力衰竭患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1含量变化及其临床意义

目的　研究慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1(PAI 1)含量的变化及其临床意义。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测 6 0例CHF患者 (CHF组 )和 2 0例健康体检者 (正常对照组 )血浆t PA及PAI 1抗原含量。结果　CHF组血浆t PA和PAI 1平均含量都明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。CHF患者血浆PAI 1含量增高随心功能恶化而愈加明显。结论　CHF患者纤溶功能明显下降 ,可用血浆t PA、PAI 1含量作为判断病情的参考指标之一。     

脑梗死患者止凝血系统功能改变的研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者治疗前后D-二聚体（D-Dimer）、抗凝血酶活性（AT1A）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）及血管性血友病因子（vWF）的变化趋势,评估上述指标在脑梗死治疗监测中的临床价值。方法采用SYSMEXCA7000型血液凝固仪测定血浆D-Dimer、tPA、PAI-1和AT1A;采用ELISA法测定vWF。结果与健康对照组比较,脑梗死患者组治疗前D-Dimer、PAI-1、vWF显著增高（P〈0．01）,t-PA显著降低（P〈0．01）,AT：A无显著性改变（P〉0．05）。脑梗死患者治疗后血浆D-Dimer、PAI-1、vWF较治疗前显著降低（P〈0．01）,tPA显著增高（P〈0．01）,AT：A在治疗前后无明显改变（P〉0．05）;GCS〉8分组和GCS≤8分组血浆胁Dimer、PAI-1、vWF明显下降（P〈0．01）,t-PA显著增高（P〈0．01）,而AT：A无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论纤溶系统指标和vWF在脑梗死患者治疗前后发生显著改变且与病程发展相关。     

射频导管消融术后部分凝血与纤溶指标的变化

目的观察射频导管消融术(RFCA)对患者术后部分凝血与纤溶指标变化的影响,以及术后恢复时间。方法对56例接受RFCA治疗的患者,在RFCA前、心内电生理检查后、成功消融后即刻、术后第2天和第7天抽取静脉血,测定D-二聚体(DD)、血管内血友病因子(vWF)、血浆组织纤溶酶原(t-PA)和组织纤溶酶原抑制物(PAI-1)含量。结果与术前比较,血浆DD、vWF浓度以及血浆PAI-1含量在心内电生理检查后、消融成功后即刻和术后第2天均显著上升(P0.01),并于第7天降至术前水平(P0.05),而t-PA含量在心内电生理检查后,消融成功后即刻和术后第2天显著下降(P0.01),并于第7天降至术前水平(P0.05)。结论 RFCA可引起血液中部分凝血与纤溶物质水平显著增加,术前、术后对其监测有利于指导抗凝药物应用和预防血栓栓塞的发生。     

纤溶酶相关蛋白在冠心病患者中的表达

目的:了解冠心病患者是否存在组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及纤溶酶原激活抑制物Ⅰ(PAI-Ⅰ)功能紊乱,以及这两个指标与血脂、胰岛素抵抗的相关关系。方法:选择2004年1月至2006年1月于我院住院就诊的冠心病患者作为观察对象。按临床类型分为SAP组、UAP组、AMI组、OMI组,并设健康对照组。检测t-PA、PAI-Ⅰ、胰岛素敏感性指数(IAI)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)等指标。结果:(1)健康对照组t-PA高于各型冠心病组(P<0.05),AMI组t-PA低于其余各型冠心病组(P<0.05);健康对照组PAI-Ⅰ低于各型冠心病组(P<0.05),AMI组PAI-Ⅰ高于其余各型冠心病(P<0.05)。(2)t-PA与IAI呈正相关,与TC、TG、LDL呈负相关;PAI-Ⅰ则与IAI呈负相关,与TC、TG、LDL呈正相关。(3)各病例组t-PA于治疗后有所升高,PAI-Ⅰ于治疗后有所下降(P<0.05)。结论:冠心病患者存在明显的纤溶功能紊乱,且以急性期为重,并且纤溶功能紊乱与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常等因素有关。     

Relationship between fibrinolytic and metabolic variables: a study in patients attending a lipid clinic

We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of metabolic and fibrinolytic variables in 163 fasted patients attending a lipid clinic. Of these patients, 118 had hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and 45 had normotriglyceridaemia (NTG). In HTG, basal fibrinolytic activity, ie tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, was impaired as a result of high plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified insulin and triglyceride levels as independent determinants of plasma PAI-1 levels (R2 = 0.18; P = 0.0001). When the patients were stratified into tertiles according to their levels of triglyceride and insulin, PAI-1 antigen levels were found to increase with rising levels of triglyceride in each insulin tertile. In contrast, the increase of PAI-1 with rising insulin levels was evident in the highest triglyceride tertile. In addition, subjects in the lowest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the lowest PAI-1 antigen levels, and subjects in the highest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the highest levels of PAI-1. Both basal and stimulated levels of t-PA antigen were significantly higher in HTG than in NTG. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified triglyceride level as the sole major determinant of t-PA antigen levels (R2 = 0.13; P = 0.00003). The observation that both insulin and triglycerides correlate with PAI-1, whereas triglycerides were involved only in the increased secretion of t-PA, suggests that these two proteins are regulated by different mechanisms.     

Plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor in malignant and non-malignant ascitic fluid

Ascitic fluid from tumour patients (hepatoma, gastric cancer, gallbladder cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer) and from non-malignant diseases (liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure) were compared with respect to their content of determinants of the fibrinolytic system, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PAag) and activity (t-PAact), urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI). Furthermore, SDS-polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to evaluate molecular weight distribution of the detectable fibrinolytic parameters. In malignant ascites, PAI activity was three to four times higher, and increased complex formation of PAI with t-PA could be demonstrated, compared with non-malignant ascitic fluid. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and activity showed a similar concentration in ascites of both study groups. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen was detectable neither in ascites of malignant nor in ascites of non-malignant origin. It is concluded that t-PA is the physiological plasminogen activator in ascites and that increased PAI levels followed by increased complex formation between t-PA and PAI might reflect a reaction of the peritoneum.     

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and other endothelium-dependent hemostatic factors in elderly individuals with normal or impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is believed to be a prediabetic phase that precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. In elderly subjects, IGT and diabetes are both independently associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial damage precedes atherosclerotic changes of the vascular wall. Therefore, several markers of endothelial dysfunction were examined in elderly subjects with IGT and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and thrombomodulin were studied as markers of endothelial dysfunction in a population-based study of elderly subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or IGT and type 2 diabetes. In addition to these endothelium-dependent factors, we also investigated tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) activity in relation to metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: All data were adjusted for age. Increased levels of vWF antigen, t-PA antigen, and PAI-1 activity were seen in the IGT and diabetic group compared with the NGT group. TFPI activity and thrombomodulin levels were increased in all elderly subjects, and no differences were seen between the groups. There was a positive association between HbA(1c) and TFPI activity and vWF antigen. Fasting blood glucose levels correlated with vWF antigen, t-PA antigen, and PAI-1 activity, whereas urine albumin excretion correlated with TFPI activity, vWF antigen, and PAI-1 activity. Serum insulin levels correlated strongly not only with vWF antigen and t-PA antigen but also with PAI-1 activity. This correlation did not change after further adjustment for serum glucose and HbA(1c), which may suggest that in the elderly subjects, impaired fibrinolysis is probably associated with insulin resistance. There were no associations between the endothelium-dependent hemostatic factors and lipids, except for a negative correlation between HDL cholesterol and thrombomodulin. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly subjects with IGT, several endothelium-dependent hemostatic factors are already consistently increased, indicating endothelial damage in this stage.     

吡格列酮对老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人纤溶系统的影响

目的评价吡格列酮对老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人纤溶功能的影响。方法24例老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人口服吡格列酮15mg／d,共16周．服药前后分别测定血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAO-1）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物、二聚体和纤维蛋白原含量,同时测定空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖和24h动态血压。结果吡格列酮治疗后血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、二聚体抗原水平明显下降（P〈0．01）,组织型纤溶酶原激活物抗原水平明显增加（P〈0．01）,胰岛素敏感指数显著提高（P〈0、01）,空腹胰岛素和纤维蛋白原明显降低（P〈0．01）;24h平均收缩压和舒张压均降低（P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果表明治疗前空腹胰岛素水平对PAI-1的降低影响最大（P〈0．01）。结论吡格列酮能有效改善老年高血压并胰岛素抵抗病人纤溶系统功能,提高胰岛素敏感性,降低收缩压和舒张压;空腹胰岛素水平是影响病人纤溶功能的主要因素。     

替米沙坦对2型糖尿病合并高血压病患者纤溶活性的影响

目的：探讨替米沙坦对2型糖尿病（2DM）合并高血压病患者纤溶活性的影响。方法：将60例2DM合并高血压患者随机分为常规治疗组（n=30）和常规＋替米沙坦（80mg,qd）治疗组（n=30）,另选择20名年龄匹配的健康查体者为对照。治疗4周后测定血中组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）及其抑制物（PAI-1）的活性。结果：与对照组比较,2DM合并高血压患者纤溶功能显著低下,虽t-PA活性无显著改变,但PAI-1活性增加了约70%（P〈0.01）。常规治疗组t-PA及PAI-1活性无显著变化（P〉0.05）;替米沙坦治疗使PAI-1活性显著下降约60%（P〈0.01）,t-PA活性无显著变化。结论：2型糖尿病合并高血压病患者存在纤溶功能低下,替米沙坦可显著降低纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1活性,提高纤溶功能。     

老年冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸与纤溶酶活性

背景同型半胱氨酸已成为动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因子,它可能通过破坏内皮细胞的结构和功能从而导致动脉粥样硬化.目的探讨同型半胱氨酸对老年冠心病患者纤溶酶活性的影响.设计以冠心病患者为研究对象,健康人群为对照组的病例-对照.单位一所大学医院的综合科及心内科.对象本研究于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院综合科及心内科完成.选择2001-12/2003-8本院心内科及综合科门诊及住院患者177例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组91例,其中男50例,女41例,平均年龄(66±6)岁;冠状动脉造影阴性组86例,其中男43例,女43例,平均年龄(60±6)岁.正常对照组为同期于本院门诊体检的健康中年人85例,其中男43例,女42例,平均年龄(55±5)岁.方法收集外周血,检测血浆中的组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1和血管性血友病因子的活性,用酶免疫试验法测同型半胱氨酸,并计算纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1/组织型纤溶酶原激活剂活性比值.主要观察指标血清同型半胱氨酸水平及血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、血管性血友病因子活性,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1/组织型纤溶酶原激活剂的比值.结果冠状动脉病变组同型半胱氨酸,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1/组织型纤溶酶原激活剂,血管性血友病因子均明显高于冠状动脉造影阴性组及正常对照组(P＜0.01),组织型纤溶酶原激活剂水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);从相关分析看,同型半胱氨酸与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1/组织型纤溶酶原激活剂,血管性血友病因子呈正相关,与组织型纤溶酶原激活剂呈负相关.结论老年冠心病患者其血清同型半胱氨酸增高的同时,纤溶酶活性受损;同型半胱氨酸与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1,血管性血友病因子呈正相关,与组织型纤溶酶原激活剂呈负相关;同型半胱氨酸可能是冠状动脉早期病变的预报因子,可为冠心病的一级预防和早期康复措施介入提供相关实验数据.     

Influence of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphisms on tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced recanalization in ischemic stroke patients

OBJECTIVE: Endogenous resistance to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) might decrease the benefit of thrombolysis-induced recanalization. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are fibrinolysis inhibitors. TAFI removes residues from partially degraded fibrin that in turn eliminates plasminogen binding sites; PAI-1 directly inhibits the activity of t-PA. We aimed to study whether the presence of two common functional polymorphisms of the TAFI and PAI-1 genes influence rates of recanalization of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) among t-PA-treated stroke patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: TAFI and PAI-1 polymorphism determinations were performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping and conventional sequencing in 139 patients with strokes involving the MCA and who received t-PA within 3 h. Recanalization was diagnosed by means of transcranial Doppler. No association was found between PAI-1 4 G/5 G polymorphism and recanalization rate. Dyslipidemia and TAFI Thr325Ile polymorphism were the main variables associated with recanalization resistance by the end of t-PA infusion: odds ratio (OR) 4.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6-10.8, P = 0.003] and OR 5.6 (95% CI 1.2-20, P = 0.031), respectively. The combination of the two polymorphisms doubled the risk of absence of recanalization: OR 11.1 (95% CI 1.4-89.8, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphic fibrinolysis inhibitor genes influence t-PA-induced recanalization resistance in ischemic stroke patients, especially when coexisting in the same patient. Efforts to individualize thrombolytic treatments are required.     

心肌梗死患者介入术前后血小板活化及纤溶功能的变化

目的 观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者冠状动脉介入术后外周循环血中血小板活化及凝血-纤溶功能的变化。方法 采用ELISA检测PTCA和冠状动脉内支架术前后血小板表面α-颗粒膜蛋白（GMP-140），血管性假血友病因子（vWF)，组织纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA)，纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1（PAI-1），D-二聚体（D-D）的含量。结果 35例急性心肌梗死患者PTCA术后10分钟，GMP-140，tPA和vWF明显增高，术后24小时vWF仍显著增高，结论 AMI患者介入术后血小板活化和纤溶功能均出现改变。     

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Prediabetic Syndrome

Cardiovascular disease is increased 2- to 4-fold in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); yet in most studies, there is a relatively weak relationship between the frequency of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the duration of diabetes and severity of hyperglycaemia. A number of authors have suggested that the prediabetic stage may contribute to the risk of CHD in NIDDM. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance have been strongly associated with the development of NIDDM. Data are less conclusive about the relationship of hyperinsulinaemia to the development of CHD in nondiabetic subjects. Relatively little data are available on hyperinsulinaemia and/or insulin resistance to CHD in NIDDM subjects. Tight control of glycaemia with exogenous insulin improves cardiovascular risk factors in NIDDM subjects and therefore is unlikely to increase the risk of CHD. Although the relation of insulin to CHD in the general population is somewhat controversial, insulin is clearly related to multiple cardiovascular risk factors (especially elevated triglyceride, decreased high-density lipoprotein, small dense low-density lipoprotein, impaired glucose tolerance and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)). However, the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains controversial.     

男性急性心肌梗死患者性激素水平与凝血纤溶系统变化的相关性及其对梗死面积的影响

目的 探讨男性性激素水平与凝血-纤溶系统变化的相关性、二者在男性急性心肌梗死（AMI）发生过程中的作用及对梗死面积（MIS）的影响。方法 选择因疑似或已确诊冠心痛（CHD）而在我院心脏中心住院并接受冠状动脉造影的男性患者91例,分为AMI组、不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组和正常对照组。在进行抗凝或溶栓治疗前,采集静脉血并分别用放射免疫法、Clauss法及酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、孕酮（P）、血浆纤维蛋白原（Fg）、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1（PAI-1）、血管性血友病因子（vWF）。结果三组中E2与PAI-1、PAI-1／tPA、Fg水平呈正相关,T与vWF水平成正相关,E2／T与PAI-1、PAI-1／tPA、Fg、vWF水平均呈正相关;经Logistic回归分析,吸烟史、高血压痛史、E2／T、Fg是AMI发生的独立危险因素。结论 男性AMI患者存在性激素内环境紊乱,且性激素内环境紊乱可能影响凝血-纤溶系统功能并可能是决定MIS大小的因素之一;性激素内环境紊乱可能是导致AMI发生的独立危险因素。     

Fibrinolytic parameters and insulin resistance in young survivors of myocardial infarction with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

A characteristic feature of patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the premature occurrence of coronary artery disease because of elevated LDL cholesterol levels. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, important characteristics of the cardiovascular dysmetabolic syndrome (CDS), were found to be associated with coronary artery disease in FH subjects, as in the general population. We investigated whether hypofibrinolysis, as part of CDS, is independently associated with symptomatic coronary artery disease in these high-risk patients. Clinical examination (body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure) and blood analysis (plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigen and activity, fibrinogen, serum lipids and lipoproteins, fasting glucose and insulin) were carried out in 39 male patients with heterozygous FH (aged 46.6 +/- 8.8 years). Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) mathematical model. Thirteen of the patients had suffered a myocardial infarction (MI) 5 to 8 years ago (aged 47.8 +/- 6.1 years) and 26 were free of coronary artery disease (aged 45.9 +/- 9.9 years). There was no difference in total and LDL cholesterol between the two groups. Patients with previous myocardial infarction had significantly higher levels of insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, t-PA antigen, PAI-1 antigen and activity, and significantly lower values of HDL cholesterol. Other widely recognised risk factors for coronary artery disease, such as smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, obesity and age, did not differ significantly between the groups. In the logistic regression model, PAI-1 antigen, as a marker of hypofibrinolysis, emerged as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of myocardial infarction (odds ratio 1.55; p = 0.02). In summary our results suggest that the impairment of fibrinolytic activity resulting from elevated levels of PAI-1 antigen and activity and t-PA antigen is an independent variable in CDS associated with the premature occurrence of myocardial infarction in male patients with FH.     

Evaluation of the fibrinolytic system in full-term neonates

Summary Plasminogen activity and antigen, euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator activity and antigen urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 antigen, tissue-type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor complexes, α₂-antiplasmin, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products were measured in blood samples taken from the umbilical vein of 100 healthy full-term newborns. Results were compared with a control group of 30 healthy adults. The overall fibrinolytic activity assessed on fibrin plates was significantly increased (P<0.002). We also observed high tissue-type plasminogen activator activity levels (P<0.001), whereas urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen levels were lower than in adults. There was a significant reduction in plasminogen activity and antigen (P<0.0001), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (P<0.05), α₂-antiplasmin (P<0.0001), and histidine-rich glycoprotein (P<0.0001), whereas plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, tissue-type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor complexes and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products did not differ between groups. We conclude that in the newborn there is increased fibrinolytic activity, mainly due to increased plasminogen activators and reduced fibrinolysis inhibition, without systemic fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis.     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的研究进展

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,PAI-1)作为体内组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase-type plasminogen activator,u-PA)的主要抑制剂,与动静脉血栓、出血和凝血异常、细胞迁移密切相关,进而引起缺血性脑卒中、冠心病、静脉血栓、肿瘤转移、出血、股骨头坏死、流产等一系列疾病的发生发展。同时,体内血浆PAI-1活性水平又受血脂、血糖等调节,进一步参与肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等疾病的进程,又影响着上述相关疾病的预后。     

急性脑血栓形成患者血浆及脑脊液纤溶指标的观察

目的：研究急性脑血栓形成患者血浆及脑脊液组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)和D-二聚体含量的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用双抗体夹心固相酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测35例急性脑血栓形成患者(血栓组)的血浆和其中3l例的脑脊液t—PA、PAI-l和D-二聚体的抗原含量，与35例无心脑、肝肾及血液疾病患者(对照组)血浆和其中20例脑脊液进行比较。结果：血栓组血浆及脑脊液中t-PA、PAI-1和D-二聚体含量均高于对照组；脑脊液中t-PA、PAI-l和D-二聚体的含量分别与血浆中含量呈正相关。结论：急性脑血栓形成患者纤溶活性明显下降,t-PA及PAI-l参与了脑血栓形成的病理过程。     

蛇伤患者凝血、抗凝、纤溶系统的变化及临床意义

目的：观察蛇伤患者凝血、抗凝和纤溶系统各项指标的变化并探讨其临床意义。方法：以36例蛇伤患者和32例健康体检者为研究对象,测定血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）、血管性血友病因子（vWF）、凝血酶调节蛋白（TM）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）含量。结果：与正常对照组比较,蛇伤患者PT、APTT、vWF、TM、t-PA、PAI-1水平明显升高,Fg水平明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论：蛇伤患者存在凝血、抗凝、纤溶系统的紊乱,早期使用抗蛇毒血清对于防治弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）和多器官功能障碍（MODS）的发生有积极意义。