丹皮酚对脂多糖诱导的星形胶质细胞炎性因子分泌的影响

目的观察丹皮酚对体外培养的星形胶质细胞炎性因子分泌的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法采用神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫荧光染色法鉴定星形胶质细胞;实验分为对照组,模型组和2.5、5、10μmol·L-1丹皮酚组,0.5 mg·L-1脂多糖(LPS)诱导炎症反应。采用ELISA法测定培养液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;采用Western blot检测细胞IκBα蛋白表达和磷酸化水平及胞核NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组相比,模型组星形胶质细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著增加(P<0.01),胞浆IκBα蛋白表达受抑(P<0.01),IκBα蛋白磷酸化和胞核NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达水平上调(P<0.01);5、10μmol·L-1丹皮酚能减少LPS活化的星形胶质细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),增加胞浆IκBα蛋白表达(P<0.05或P<0.01),抑制LPS上调的IκBα蛋白磷酸化和胞核NF-κB(p65)蛋白表达水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论丹皮酚能抑制LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的分泌,IκBα/NF-κB信号通路可能参与了丹皮酚对星形胶质细胞炎症反应的抑制作用。     

奥拉帕尼通过PARP-1通路调控脂多糖诱导的A549细胞炎症反应

目的探讨奥拉帕尼对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的肺泡上皮细胞炎症损伤的保护作用。方法体外培养的肺泡上皮细胞(A549)同时加入LPS 10mg·L~(-1)+奥拉帕尼10和25μmol·L~(-1)孵育24 h。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定白细胞介素6(IL-6),IL-8和IL~(-1)0释放;实时PCR技术检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL~(-1)β、IL-6、IL-8和细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)mRNA的表达水平;流式细胞术检测细胞活性氧(ROS)水平;Western印迹法检测细胞聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1(PARP-1)蛋白表达水平和NF-κB通路相关蛋白磷酸化水平。结果与LPS 10 mg·L~(-1)损伤组相比,奥拉帕尼10和25μmol·L~(-1)显著降低LPS诱导的A549细胞IL-6,IL-8的释放(P<0.01)和ROS水平(P<0.01),升高IL~(-1)0水平(P<0.01),抑制了LPS诱导的TNF-α,IL~(-1)β,IL-6,IL-8和ICAM-1 mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),抑制LPS诱导的PARP-1蛋白表达和NF-κB通路磷酸化激活(P<0.01)。结论奥拉帕尼可有效缓解LPS诱导的肺泡上皮细胞炎症损伤和氧化应激,其作用机制可能为奥拉帕尼通过下调PARP-1的表达,继而影响NF-κB通路的活化,最终抑制了相关炎症因子的表达和释放。     

DATS通过NF-κB抑制LPS诱导小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞促炎细胞因子表达

目的探讨二烯丙基三硫(DATS)抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白介素-1β表达的信号转导机制。方法体外培养MH-S细胞,用DATS和(或)LPS进行干预。反转录PCR检测细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达,电泳迁移率改变分析(EMSA)检测细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性,Western blot检测细胞磷酸化(p-IκB)及非磷酸化IκB的表达。结果LPS刺激MH-S细胞可导致TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA、p-IκB表达增加及NF-κB活性升高。用DATS(0.1、0.5、2.5、5.0mg.L-1)预处理细胞30min后再给予LPS刺激,可使TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达降低,并呈剂量依赖性;升高的NF-κB活性及p-IκB表达均显不同程度的抑制。单独DATS对TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达及NF-κB活性无影响。结论DATS可通过抑制IκB磷酸化及NF-κB活化,进而下调LPS诱导小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达。     

木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的抗炎作用研究

目的:研究木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶的抗炎作用及机制。方法:以正常小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7为对照,以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞为炎症模型,采用MTT法检测不同浓度(10、20、40、80μmol/L)的木犀草素、4,4′-联吡啶和木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶作用细胞2 h后的细胞活性;荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法测定40μmol/L浓度时细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)、环氧合酶2(COX-2)m RNA的表达,酶联免疫吸附法测定40μmol/L浓度时细胞中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)蛋白表达,Western blot法测定40μmol/L浓度时细胞中核转录因子p65(NF-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:与正常细胞比较,LPS诱导后RAW264.7细胞活性明显降低(P<0.01),i NOS和COX-2 m RNA表达水平及TNF-α、IL-6、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。木犀草素和木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶均能增强LPS诱导后RAW264.7细胞活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),且呈浓度依赖性;4,4′-联吡啶对LPS诱导后RAW264.7细胞活性无明显影响;40μmol/L浓度下,木犀草素和木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶可使LPS诱导后细胞中i NOS和COX-2 m RNA表达水平及TNF-α、IL-6、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶降低效果强于木犀草素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:木犀草素·4,4′-联吡啶药物共晶可能通过下调NF-κB信号来抑制炎症相关因子产生,其抗炎作用优于木犀草素。     

黄芪甲苷通过抑制NF-κB活化减轻棕榈酸诱导脂肪细胞炎症因子的表达

目的探讨黄芪甲苷对棕榈酸诱导脂肪细胞炎症因子分泌的作用及其机制。方法 3T3-L1脂肪细胞分为空白对照组、模型组、黄芪甲苷组。黄芪甲苷(100μmol·L~(-1))预孵育3T3-L1脂肪细胞4 h后,再用500μmol·L~(-1)的棕榈酸处理24 h。Real-time PCR测定炎症因子IL-6和TNF-αmRNA的相对表达量;ELISA法测定细胞培养上清液中IL-6和TNF-α的分泌量,Western blot测定IκBα和p-IκBα蛋白的相对表达量;免疫荧光检测NF-κB的核转位。结果与空白组相比,棕榈酸可使脂肪细胞炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的mRNA和蛋白表达增加。黄芪甲苷可缓解棕榈酸诱导的炎症因子表达升高。免疫印迹检测发现黄芪甲苷降低IκBα表达,增加IκBα的磷酸化;免疫荧光发现黄芪甲苷可降低棕榈酸诱导的NF-κB核转位。结论黄芪甲苷可降低棕榈酸诱导脂肪细胞炎症因子的表达,其机制与降低细胞内NF-κB的激活有关。     

Sanggenon C对人多形核白细胞和滑膜细胞粘附的抑制作用及其机制

目的:观察化合物Sanggenon C对人外周血多形核白细胞(PMN)与人滑膜细胞(HSC)粘附的抑制作用,并探讨其作用机制.方法:MTT比色法研究PMN与HSC粘附,Cell-ELISA及RT-PCR法研究HSC粘附分子ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达,EMSA研究核转录因子NF-κB的活化.结果:Sanggenon C在0.01-10μmol·L~(-1)范围内均可显著抑制TNF-α 5O kU·L~(-1)与IL-1β诱导的HSC与PMN粘附,其IC_(50)分别为27.29nmol. L~(-1)和54.45nmol·L~(-1);Sanggenon C可显著抑制HSC表面ICAM-1和VCAM-1蛋白表达,同时也显著抑制VCAM-1 mRNA表达,但对ICAM-1 mRNA表达无显著影响;Sanggenon C在1-10μmol·L~(-1)浓度下也可显著抑制TNF-α对NF-κB的活化.结论:Sanggenon C是一个有效的人PMN与HSC粘附抑制剂,其作用机制可能是通过抑制NF-κB的活化,进而抑制HSC表面VCAM-1的表达或抑制ICAM-1转录后调控过程而实现的.     

Ghrelin通过核因子-κB抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的HepG2细胞PAI-1 mRNA表达

目的探讨Ghrelin对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的HepG2细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)mRNA表达的影响及核因子-κB(NF-κB)在其中的作用.方法HepG2细胞培养,加入不同浓度TNF-α,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应测定(RT-PCR)检测PAI-1 mRNA的水平;免疫印迹法检测胞浆胞核NF-κBp65和胞浆κB抑制蛋白(IκB)的表达.给予Ghrelin预处理1 h后,加入TNF-α检测NF-κKBp65和IκB表达的变化.结果TNF-α(0.1,1,10μg·L-1)浓度依赖地增高HepG2细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达;Ghrelin组的PAI-1 mRNA表达减少.TNF-α组胞核NF-κBp65表达增加,胞浆IκBα的表达减少;Ghrelin组较TNF-α组胞核NF-κBp65减少,胞浆IκBα的表达增加.结论TNF-α通过NF-κB介导HepG2 PAl-1mRNA的表达;Ghrelin通过抑制NF-κB而抑制TNF-α诱导PAI-1mRNA的表达.     

淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ通过调节IKK/IκB/NF-κB信号通路抑制脂多糖诱导的星形胶质细胞炎症反应

目的研究ICSⅡ对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的星形胶质细胞炎症反应的作用。方法体外分离新生SD大鼠脑皮质组织提取原代星形胶质细胞并进行培养。将星形胶质细胞分为空白组、空白+ICSⅡ高浓度组、模型组、模型+ICSⅡ低浓度组、模型+ICSⅡ中浓度组、模型+ICSⅡ高浓度组、模型+地塞米松组。ICSⅡ(5,10,20μmol·L-1)或DSMX(1μmol·L-1)预处理星形胶质细胞1 h后,继续与LPS共同作用24 h。采用MTT法检测ICSⅡ作用于星形胶质细胞的安全浓度范围,确定安全浓度后再观察ICSⅡ对LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞炎症反应的影响;采用ELISA法检测星形胶质细胞中TNF-α,IL-1β,NO,Aβ1-40和Aβ1-42的水平;采用Western蛋白免疫印迹技术检测COX-2,i NOS,IκB-α,NF-κB(p65)(胞核),NF-κB(p65)(胞质)和BACE1的蛋白表达,以及NF-κB(p65)、IKK-α和IKK-β磷酸化水平;采用分子对接技术模拟ICSⅡ与BACE1蛋白的结合。结果 ICSⅡ(0～50μmol·L-1)对星形胶质细胞无毒性作用。模型组较空白组星形胶质细胞中TNF-α,IL-1β和NO水平均显著上升(P<0.05);细胞炎症通路蛋白COX-2,i NOS,NF-κB(p65)(胞核)及BACE1表达升高(P<0.05);IκB-α和NF-κB(p65)(胞质)表达显著降低(P<0.05);NF-κB(p65),IKK-α和IKK-β的磷酸化水平明显上升(P<0.05)。给予ICSⅡ能够明显降低TNF-α,IL-1β和NO水平(P<0.05)。此外,ICSⅡ显著下调炎症相关蛋白COX-2,i NOS,NF-κB(胞核)及BACE1的表达(P<0.05),明显上调NF-κB(胞质)和IκB-α蛋白表达(P<0.05)。同时,明显降低NF-κB(p65),IKK-α和IKK-β的磷酸化水平(P<0.05),对LPS诱导的IκB-α降解、NF-κB活化及细胞核易位均具有显著的抑制作用。结论本研究条件下,ICSⅡ通过调节IKK/IκB/NF-κB信号通路发挥其对LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞炎症损伤的保护作用。     

氯沙坦抑制AngⅡ诱导的内皮单核细胞黏附涉及下调CXCR2受体表达

目的探讨氯沙坦对血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)诱导的内皮单核细胞黏附的影响及可能分子机制。方法 AngⅡ(10-6mol.L-1)培养人脐静脉内皮细胞4 h或24 h,并加入不同浓度的氯沙坦(1、3、10μmol.L-1)预处理1 h。检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平、内皮单核细胞黏附、上清液中白介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)水平、IL-8受体CXCR2 mRNA表达以及核转录因子(nuclear factor kappaB,NF-κB)活性。结果 AngⅡ(10-6mol.L-1)培养内皮细胞后显著增加细胞内ROS水平,上清液中IL-8水平,激活NF-κB,增加内皮单核细胞间黏附,上调IL-8受体CXCR2mRNA表达。氯沙坦呈剂量依赖性地抑制AngⅡ诱导的ROS水平的增加,抑制NF-κB的激活,减少IL-8的释放,下调CXCR2 mRNA表达,从而抑制内皮单核细胞黏附。结论氯沙坦可能通过抑制氧化应激-NF-κB-IL-8/CXCR2通路抑制AngⅡ诱导的内皮单核细胞黏附。     

竹节参齐墩果烷皂苷对RAW264.7巨噬细胞SIRT1活性影响及抗炎作用研究

目的探讨竹节参齐墩果烷皂苷(chikusetsu oleanane saponin,COS)对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞的SIRT1活性影响及抗炎作用。方法Griess法测定一氧化氮(NO)释放量;免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)蛋白表达;免疫荧光分析COS对细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)和沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator1,SIRT1)核转运的作用。结果 COS在25~300 mg·L~(-1)与1 mg·L~(-1)LPS共培养时,对RAW264.7细胞生长无明显影响;与LPS组相比,COS能有效抑制NO释放和抑制TNF-α、IL-1β的分泌;还能抑制NF-κB的核移位,上调SIRT1的表达。结论 COS对LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞炎症具有保护作用,其保护机制可能是COS上调SIRT1表达,促进NF-κB去乙酰化作用,从而抑制NF-κB的核移位,减少TNF-α、IL-1β等炎症因子的产生。     

红花提取工艺探讨

目的 优选红花提取工艺.方法 用HPLC法测定,以羟基红花黄色素A的提取转移率为指标,采用正交试验设计考察加水量、提取时间、和提取次数对提取效果的影响.结果加14倍量水提取30min,可使红花中羟基红花黄色素A提取完全,其提取转移率达95.62%.结论 本方法简单可行,可用于工业大生产.     

Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via modulating toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a main bio-active compound important of a traditional Chinese medicine named Carthamus tinctorius L. and has been shown to possess various effects, especially anti-inflammatory benefits and potential protections against acute lung injury (ALI) in previous studies. Therefore, in this present study, we aimed to evaluating effects of HSYA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS into lung, and dexamethasone was used as a positive control. Results demonstrated that HSYA abated LPS-induced pathological change and attenuated lung vascular permeability and edema. HSYA down-regulated both the ability of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues and levels of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IFN(interferon)-β in serum. Moreover, HSYA prevented toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) protein up-expressions. In addition, the activations of mitogen-activated protein kinases including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were blocked by HSYA. And also, the phosphorylations of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 and inhibitory kappa B (IκB)-α were inhibited by HSYA. In conclusion, HSYA attenuated inflammatory response in ALI mice through inhibition of TLR 4-dependent signaling pathways.     

Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates early inflammatory response of bleomycin-induced mice lung injury

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is an effective ingredient of Chinese herb Carthamus tinctorius L. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of HSYA on inflammatory phase of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury in mice. Three doses of HSYA (26.7, 40, 60 mg/kg/d) were intraperitoneally injected to mice consecutively for 1 week after bleomycin administration. It was found that HSYA attenuated the loss in body weight, the increase of myeloperoxidase activity and pathologic changes of pulmonary inflammation caused by bleomycin. Treatment with HSYA also alleviated bleomycin-induced increase of mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in lung homogenates. Moreover HSYA inhibited the increased activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in lung tissue. These findings demonstrated that HSYA had protective effect on bleomycin-induced lung inflammatory response.     

Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits rat brain mitochondrial permeability transition pores by a free radical scavenging action

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the major and most active antioxidant from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been clinically prescribed in China to treat patients with cerebral ischemia, but the detailed mechanism is not known. This study examines the effect of HSYA on mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mtPTP) in the rat brain. HSYA at 10-80 micromol.l(-1) inhibited Ca(2+)- and H(2)O(2)-induced swelling of mitochondria isolated from rat brains. The addition of Ca(2+) generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated mitochondria. HSYA (10-80 micromol.l(-1)) inhibited Ca(2+)-induced generation of ROS. At the same time, HSYA significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism, enhanced ATP levels and the respiratory control ratio. These results suggest that HSYA inhibits the opening of mtPTP by a free radical scavenging action in the brain, and this may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of HSYA.     

红花中羟基红花黄色素A的分离纯化工艺

目的:分离纯化红花中羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)。方法:采用ZTCⅡ澄清剂进行初步除杂,以吸附量、吸附率和解吸附率为指标,筛选分离HSYA的大孔树脂型号、工艺以及聚酰胺树脂纯化HSYA的工艺。结果:选取X-5型大孔树脂,分离工艺要求吸附流速为1mL·min-1,最佳吸附pH值为3,上柱量为柱体积的2%,洗脱溶剂为50%乙醇溶液。聚酰胺树脂纯化工艺要求径高比1∶14,上柱量为柱体积的2%,流速为1.5mL·min-1,洗脱溶剂为乙酸乙酯-甲醇-3.6%盐酸(1∶3∶6),反复上柱6次。得到HSYA的产率为25.63%,纯度为83.65%。结论:所选工艺成本低、所获产品纯度较高,可作为获得HSYA的有效方法。     

红花RP-HPLC指纹图谱的建立及其质量研究红花RP-HPLC指纹图谱的建立及其质量研究

目的建立红花RP-HPLC指纹图谱分析法,研究不同产地红花药材的质量。方法采用梯度洗脱的方法进行色谱分离,使用“计算机辅助相似度评价软件”进行数据处理,对不同产地红花药材指纹图谱的相似度进行比较分析。结果不同产地红花药材指纹图谱相似度较好,但仍有少数产地的药材指纹图谱中有明显差别。结论采用RP-HPLC方法控制药材的指纹图谱,方法重现性好,用于红花的质量评价切实可行。不同产地红花药材化学组成相似,其相对比例较稳定。     

Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) was isolated from the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. which was extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cirrhosis. However, the potential protective effect of HSYA in liver fibrosis is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HSYA in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to biweekly CCl4 injections over 12 weeks, while controls were given isovolumetric injections of olive oil. HSYA was given in a daily dose of 5 mg/kg by means of intraperitoneal concurrent with CCl4. Hepatic fibrosis was quantified by digital analysis of Masson's trichrome stained slides and hydroxyproline content. mRNA expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein was quantified by western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CCl4 treatment induced micronodular liver fibrosis with a pronounced deposition of collagen fibers. HSYA significantly reduced liver fibrosis. HSYA down regulates α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen α type I, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 gene expression. This was accompanied by a decreased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad4. These results indicate that HSYA might be a promising antifibrotic agent in chronic liver disease.     

羟基红花黄色素A对实验性脑缺血的保护作用

红花为菊科植物红花(Carthamus tinctoriusL.)的干燥花,是传统的活血化瘀类代表药物[1]。红花的化学成分比较复杂,研究表明,红花的花中含有黄酮类、脂肪酸、色素、挥发油以及多炔等化合物[2]。目前认为,红花活血化瘀的主要成分集中在水溶性的黄色素部分;红花黄色素主要成分有羟基红花黄色素A(hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA)、红花明苷A、红花明苷B及其他含量较低的成分。在红花黄色素中含量最高且具有活性的成分为羟基红花黄色素A[2]。作者采用经典的大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞性脑缺血模型,观察HSYA对局灶性脑缺血大鼠的行为评分、缺血区面…     

正交试验优选产后贴湿巾中蒲公英、红花、苦参、龙骨的提取工艺

目的：优选产后贴湿巾中蒲公英、红花、苦参、龙骨的提取工艺。方法：以提取时间、加水量、浸泡时间为考察因素,以咖啡酸转移率、羟基红花黄色素A转移率、固含率的综合评分为评价指标,采用正交试验优选工艺。结果：最佳工艺为药材浸泡1.0h后提取2次,第1次以7倍量水提取1.0h,第2次以5倍量水提取0.5h。结论：所选工艺简便、易行、经济、实用,可用于产后贴湿巾中蒲公英、红花、苦参、龙骨的提取。