危重机械通气患者强化胰岛素治疗

目的观察危重机械通气患者强化胰岛素治疗后的的疗效。方法将92例危重患者随机分为传统治疗组(CT)和强化胰岛素治疗组(IT)。CT组:当血糖>11.9mmol/L,皮下注射胰岛素,控制血糖10～11.1mmol/L,IT组:当血糖>6.1mmol/L,用微量输液泵静脉泵注胰岛素,控制血糖4.4～6.1mmol/L。结果CT组病死率达43.47%,远远高于IT组的13.04%_患者住重症监护时间、使用呼吸机日数、抗生素使用、死亡率、并发症发生明显高于IT组(P<0.05)。结论强化胰岛素治疗控制危重患者血糖4.4～6.1mmol/L。,能降低患者的病死率。     

胰岛素强化治疗对急诊重症监护病房危重病患者预后的影响

目的 探讨急诊重症监护病房(ICU)危重病患者胰岛素强化治疗与预后的关系.方法 选择入急诊ICU监护前无糖尿病病史且存在高血糖的危重病患者126例,收住ICU时血糖为(15.3±6.7)mmol/L.将患者随机分为3组,每组42例,均给予胰岛素强化治疗.A组血糖控制在4.4～6.1 mmol/L;B组血糖控制在6.1～8.3 mmol/L;C组血糖控制在8.3～11.1 mmol/L.观察3组患者治疗后的抗生素使用时间、入住ICU时间、入住ICU最后1 d的APACHE II评分、院内感染发生率、多脏器功能衰竭(MOF)发生率及病死率等参数.结果 A组患者治疗后抗生素使用时间、入住ICU时间、院内感染发生率、MOF发生率及病死率均显著低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).B组患者入住ICU时间及院内感染发生率显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).B组患者MOF发生率及病死率均显著低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于急诊ICU危重病患者给予胰岛素强化治疗,将血糖控制在4.4～6.1 mmol/L可改善预后,降低并发症发生率及病死率.     

强化胰岛素治疗在内科综合性ICU中的疗效分析研究

目的研究强化胰岛素治疗在内科综合性ICU的临床疗效.方法选择至少在内科综合性ICU病房监护5 d以上,且既往无糖尿病史的危重病患者168例,收住ICU时血糖水平（13.8±5.5）mmol/L,随机分为3组（n=56）,第1、2组给予强化胰岛素治疗,使血糖控制在4.4～6.1 mmol/L、4.4～8.3 mmol/L;第3组当血糖大于11.1 mmol/L时予常规胰岛素治疗,分别使血糖控制在8.3～11.1 mmol/L;观察3组患者使用抗生素天数、机械通气天数、急性肾功能衰竭发生率、院内感染发生率、应激性溃疡发生率、低血糖发生率、多器官功能衰竭发生率、在ICU最后1 d急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分（APEACHⅡ）、住ICU天数及病死率（28 d）等参数.结果第1、2组在使用抗生素天数,机械通气天数,急性肾功能衰竭发生率,院内感染发生率,应激性溃疡发生率,多器官功能衰竭发生率,在ICU最后1 d急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分（APACHE I）I,住ICU天数及病死率（28 d）等参数均明显低于第3组（P〈0.05）.且第2组低血糖发生率低于第1组（P〈0.05）.结论对于内科综合性ICU的危重患者强化胰岛素治疗将血糖水平控制在4.4～8.3 mmol/L,可改善危重病患者的病情,降低病死率,且减少低血糖的发生.     

强化胰岛素治疗综合ICU患者应激性高血糖的临床效果

目的:研究强化胰岛素在治疗综合ICU患者应激性高血糖中的应用效果.方法:选择ICU于2013年7月-2014年7月收治的危重症患者110例.随机分为2组,强化治疗组55例,对照组55例,强化组目标血糖控制在4.4 ～ 6.1 mmol/L,对照组目标血糖控制在6.1 ～10.0 mmol/L,观察两组患者住ICU时间、机械通气时间、多器官功能衰竭综合征(MODS)发生率、低血糖发生率、病死率等.结果:胰岛素强化治疗组与对照组比较,前者在住ICU时间和机械通气时间方面比对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MODS发生率和死亡率比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).强化组低血糖发生率较对照组比例高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:对于综合性ICU的危重病患者出现应激性血糖升高时,强化胰岛素治疗可以更好的改善危重病患者的病情,降低病死率,但需动态监测血糖值,防止低血糖发生.     

胰岛素在治疗急性缺血性脑血管病中的疗效观察

目的:探讨强化胰岛素治疗对急性缺血性脑血管病的治疗作用及对预后的影响。方法:选取非糖尿病的急性缺血性脑血管病后高血糖病例100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组51例,采取胰岛素强化治疗控制血糖。对照组采用瑞格列奈控制血糖。治疗组和对照组的血糖控制范围均是:重症病例空腹血糖≤6.1mmol/L,餐后血糖≤10mmol/L;非重症患者空腹血糖控制于5.0-7.2mmol/L。餐后血糖控制在≤10mmol/L。[1]两组患者于住院当日和住院治疗后14天用美国国立卫生所卒中评分量表对患者进行神经功能评分,根据评分比较两组的疗效。结果:强化胰岛素治疗组的显效率明显高于对照组,神经功能评分显著降低。     

不同疗程胰岛素强化治疗危重病患者应激性高血糖的临床观察

目的探讨胰岛素强化治疗不同疗程对危重病患者应激性高血糖的调控及临床转归的影响。方法 选择入住ICU既往无糖尿病史的危重病患者156例,随机分为3组,每组52例,对照组始终给予常规血糖控制,控制血糖在4.4～11.1 mmol/L;7 d组、14 d组分别给予7 d、14 d的强化胰岛素治疗,随后给予常规的血糖控制,控制血糖在4.4～8.3 mmol/L。结果在强化胰岛素治疗期间,7 d组、14 d组胰岛素用量高于对照组,血糖水平低于对照组(P<0.01),强化治疗停止后第15～21天,7 d组、14 d组的平均血糖水平及胰岛素用量均明显低于对照组(P<0.01);7 d组、14 d组的ICU住院时间、机械通气天数、院内感染发生率、MODS发生率及病死率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而7 d组和14 d组比较,上述观察指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低血糖的发生率随着胰岛素强化治疗时间的增长而增高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在危重病患者中,采用7d短期胰岛素强化治疗,能达到同强化胰岛素治疗方案相同或相似的控制目的 ,既改善预后,又减少低血糖的发生率。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发ARDS强化胰岛素治疗的临床干预效果观察

目的观察重症急性胰腺炎并发ARDS强化胰岛素治疗的临床干预效果。方法将66例重症急性胰腺炎合并ARDS患者随机分为两组,传统组（TT组）与强化组（IT组）,两组均采用微量注射泵输入胰岛素,TT组将血糖控制在10.0～11.1mmol/L,IT组将血糖控制在4.4～6.1mmol/L。观察两组使用呼吸机时间、ICU住院时间及低血糖例数等情况。结果两组存活患者比较,IT组使用呼吸机时间、ICU住院时间均明显缩短（P〈0.05）。结论强化胰岛素治疗对重症急性胰腺炎并发ARDS的治疗过程起着一定的干预因素,加快了脱机时间,缩短ICU住院时间。     

胰岛素强化治疗急性脑卒中应激性高血糖疗效观察

目的:探讨胰岛素强化治疗急性脑卒中应激性高血糖的效果。方法:将160例无糖尿病伴有应激性高血糖的急性脑卒中患者随机分成2组,观察组80例,给予胰岛素强化治疗,使血糖控制在4.4～6.1 mmol/L;对照组80例,当血糖≥11.1mmol/L时,给予常规胰岛素治疗,控制血糖在8.0～11.1 mmol/L。观察2组病死率和感染并发症的发生率及神经功能恢复情况。结果:观察组肺部感染发生率8.75%,尿路感染发生率6.25%,病死率2.50%,均明显低于对照组(P0.01);观察组住院第15、30天的神经功能评分均明显优于对照组(P0.01)。结论:胰岛素强化治疗伴应激性血糖升高的急性脑卒中患者可降低感染发生率和病死率,有利于促进神经功能的恢复。     

强化胰岛素治疗对急诊ICU患者病情及预后的影响

目的:观察急诊ICU危霞患者强化胰岛素治疗的临床疗效及对其预后与死亡率的影响.方法:将68例急诊ICU血糖水平>11.1mmol/L的危重患者随机分成治疗组及对照组,治疗组给予强化胰岛素治疗,将血糖控制在4.4～6.1mmol/L;对照组给予常规胰岛素治疗,将血糖控制在8.6～11.1mmol/L.结果:治疗组中使用抗生素天数、静脉用胰岛素天数、入住ICU天数、使用机械通气天数、院内感染发生率均低于对照组,死亡率无显著性差异,低血糖发生率明显高于对照组.结论:急诊ICU危重患者强化胰岛素治疗可以改善危重患者的病情,降低院内感染率,缩短患者住院天数减轻患者经济负担;但需高度警惕低血糖的发生.     

改良强化胰岛素治疗在危重病应激性高血糖患者救治中的作用探讨

目的探讨改良强化胰岛素治疗在危重病应激性高血糖患者救治中的作用。方法将120例入住ICU的非糖尿病患者随机分为改良血糖控制组(改良组)和强化血糖控制组(强化组),每组60例,强化组血糖控制(ⅡT)在4.4～6.1 mmol/L,改良组则将目标血糖控制在8～10 mmol/L。统计2组患者日平均血糖值、呼吸机使用时间、气管插管留置时间、ICU住院时间、低血糖发生率、MODS发生率、28d病死率等。结果 2组患者呼吸机使用时间、气管插管留置时间、ICU住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),改良组日平均血糖值高于强化组(8.9mmol/L±2.1 mmol/L vs 5.3 mmol/L±2.6 mmol/L,P<0.05),低血糖发生率强化组明显高于改良组(13.33%vs3.33%,P<0.05)。改良组MODS发生率40.0%(24/60),28d病死率为16.7%(10/60),强化组相对应为46.7%(28/60)、20.0%(12/60),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于入住ICU的应激性高血糖患者,与ⅡT靶目标控制于4.4～6.1 mmol/L相比,将血糖靶目标水平控制于8～10 mmol/L更为合理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.