偏振激光扫描仪联合个体化角膜补偿技术对可疑青光眼的随访研究

目的 对临床可疑青光眼患者进行长期的偏振激光扫描仪联合个体化角膜补偿技术(scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation, GDx VCC)随访,分析GDx VCC对该类患者的诊断价值.方法 选取门诊可疑青光眼的眼底检查视乳头杯/盘比(C/D)≥0.4,或双眼不对称且C/D差值≥0.2,静态视野检查结果正常患者68例,随访前后均用GDx VCC检查(采用相同的角膜补偿值).如双眼C/D值相同,随机选取1眼,如C/D值不同,则选取C/D值大的1眼,对结果进行t检验统计学分析.结果 随访时间6～30个月,平均(12.5±7.0)个月,眼底C/D值为 0.57±0.17.随访前后GDx VCC 检查:椭圆平均值分别为50.33±7.72和49.66±8.12,上方平均值为58.72±13.56和58.18±12.01,下方平均值为60.71±11.31和59.13±11.95,神经纤维指数为30.85±19.62和33.03±21.22,差异无统计学意义,但从绝对数值上,椭圆平均值、上方平均值和下方平均值变小,神经纤维指数变大.其中7例(10.3%)诊断为青光眼, 21例(30.9%)排除青光眼,40例(58.8%)仍需进一步随访.结论 对临床怀疑青光眼的患者应长期进行随访,GDx VCC随访对青光眼的诊断有一定的价值.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2009,9:92-94)     

GDxVCC系统检测视网膜神经纤维层在青光眼早期诊断中的价值

目的 比较正常人和不同程度青光眼患者GDxVCC系统检测RNFL参数的不同,评价GDx各参数的敏感性、特异性,探讨GDxVCC系统检测视网膜神经纤维层在青光眼早期诊断中的价值.方法 对35例(35只眼)原发性开角型青光眼、33例(33只眼)慢性闭角型青光眼、27例(27只眼)急性闭角型青光眼以及年龄相匹配的36人(36只眼)正常人进行GDxVCC系统和静态视野检查.GDxVCC系统检查,视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)任一参数与系统内所附中国正常人数据库对比概率＜5%或NFI＞30或视网膜神经纤维标准偏差图上连续有10个超级像素概率＜5%定义为具有青光眼性视网膜神经纤维层结构损害,并判断为青光眼.结果 22只正常眼被判断为非青光眼(61.1%),82只青光眼被判断为青光眼(86.3%),RNFL参数椭圆平均值、上方平均值、下方平均值、TSNIT标准偏差、神经纤维指数,标准偏差图诊断青光眼的敏感性分别为48.4%、56.8%、48.4%、50.5%、62.1%,特异性分别为97.2%、100%、97.2%、94.4%、97.2%、61.1%.GDxVCC系统诊断早期、中期、晚期青光眼的敏感性分别为77.36%、95.83%、100%.结论 GDxVCC系统诊断早期青光眼的敏感性和特异性均高,而且RNFL参数中神经纤维指数的敏感性最高.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of the scanning laser polarimeter with variable corneal compensation (GDxVCC) for glaucoma detection in a Chinese population,and to investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness difference between normal subjects and glaucoma patients.Methods Thirty-six eyes of 36 normal subjects,33 eyes of 33 primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma patients,27 eyes of 27 primary acute angle-closure glaucoma and 35 eyes of 35 primary open-angle glaucoma patients were studied.The glaucoma patients were age-matched with the normal.The thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer was measured with GDxVCC.An eye was diagnosed as glaucoma,ifone of the parameters showed P＜0.05 on the results of the examination reports including four TSNIT parameters (the average of TSNIT,superior,inferior,and TSNIT Std.Dev.),nerve fiber indicator (NFI) ＞ 30,and at least 10 consecutive defects of superpels showed in deviation map (P ＜0.05).Results Of 22 normal eyes (61.1%) were diagnosed as non-glaucoma and 82 glaucomatous eyes (86.3%) were diagnosed as glaucoma by GDxVCC.Sensitivity of the average of TSNIT,superior,inferior,TSNIT Std.Dev.,NFI and the deviation map were 48.4%,56.8%,48.4%,50.5%,62.1% respectively and specificity were 97.2%,100%,97.2%,94.4%,97.2% and 61.1% respectively.Sensitivity of detection early,moderate and progression glaucoma by GDxVCC were 77.36%,95.83%,100% respectively.Conclusions GDxVCC is a valuable technology to detect retinal nerve fiber layer defect in early glaucoma.It is shown that the NFI has highest sensitivity.     

OCT检测视网膜神经纤维层厚度及视盘参数在青光眼早期诊断应用

目的 通过光学相干断层成像术(OCT)检测视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度及视盘结构参数,结合视野改变,探讨OCT在青光眼早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用OCT对34只眼疑似闭角型青光眼(SG)患者、36只眼慢性闭角型青光眼(CACG)早中期患者、10只眼正常人行RNFL及视盘扫描,观察各组的RNFL厚度及视盘结构的图像特征;将各象限RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度的均数进行总体比较及任意两组间比较;将视乳头水平、垂直杯盘比及杯/盘面积比的均数进行比较;将平均RNFL厚度与视野指数进行相关分析.结果 三组间各象限RNFL厚度、平均RNFL厚度、视盘参数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常人与SG组下方、上方及平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常人与CACG早中期组各象限RNFL厚度及平均RNFL厚度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CACG早中期组与SG组上方、下方、鼻侧及平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

视网膜神经纤维层及黄斑厚度不对称参数在POAG早期诊断中的应用

目的:研究视网膜神经纤维层及黄斑厚度不对称参数在原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)早期诊断中的应用.方法:临床研究对象包括正常受试者50例100眼和单侧早期POAG的患者50例100眼,使用Humphrey视野计记录视野平均缺损(MD)和模式标准差(PSD)、Cirrus HD-OCT扫描视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度、黄斑厚度,并进行后极部不对称参数分析,后者主要为双眼RNFL厚度及黄斑厚度的比较、眼内上/下方RNFL厚度的比较,眼内上/下方黄斑厚度的比较,并计算所有OCT参数的曲线下面积(AUC).结果:除眼内上/下方视盘RNFL厚度差值比较无统计学意义(P=0.265),两组研究对象视盘RNFL厚度、黄斑厚度、双眼上方/下方/总体RNFL厚度或黄斑厚度的不对称性差异、眼内上/下方黄斑厚度的差值均有统计学意义(P<0.05).视盘RNFL总体厚度的AUC值为0.827.视盘RNFL总体厚度差值的敏感性最高,95%特异性的敏感度为67%.黄斑总体厚度平均值的AUC值为0.822.黄斑厚度差值的AUC值为0.777.结论:后极部视网膜厚度不对称参数分析对早期POAG患者提供了良好的诊断效能,且与RNFL厚度的诊断精度相似.然而,眼内不对称分析参数表现不佳,需要在其用于早期单侧青光眼诊断之前进一步细化.     

光学相干断层成像术测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度在青光眼早期诊断中的意义

目的:探讨光学相干断层成像术(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量视网膜神经纤维层厚度(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)在青光眼早期诊断中的意义.方法:应用OCT测量正常人62例101眼和青光眼患者41例64眼的RNFL厚度,将正常人和青光眼患者的各象限和平均RNFL厚度进行比较;并比较各期青光眼的RNFL厚度;计算平均RNFL厚度和视野平均缺损的相关性,计算OCT测量平均RNFL厚度的敏感性和特异性.结果:青光眼患者和早期青光眼患者的各象限和平均RNFL厚度均比正常人减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着青光眼病程的发展,RNFL厚度逐渐下降.平均RNFL厚度和视野平均缺损呈高度正相关(r=0.722,P=0.000),OCT测量平均RNFL厚度的敏感性为85.9%,特异性为97.0%.结论:OCT测量RNFL厚度为青光眼早期诊断提供了一种新的手段.     

RTVue OCT、GDx VCC和HRT-Ⅲ视网膜神经纤维层厚度参数在青光眼诊断中的作用

目的 探讨应用频域光学相干断层扫描(spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,SD-OCT)-RTVue OCT、偏振激光扫描(scanning laser polarimetry,SLP)-偏振光青光眼检测联合个性化角膜补偿系统(glaucoma detection with variable corneal compensation.GDx VCC)和海德堡视网膜断层扫描-Ⅲ(Heidelberg retina tomography-Ⅲ,HRT-Ⅲ)测量所得的视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度参数在青光眼诊断中的作用.方法 应用RTVue OCT、GDx VCC和HRT-Ⅲ分别测量62人正常个体和72例青光眼患者总的以及各区域的RNFL厚度,比较正常个体和青光眼患者RNFL厚度.用受试者工作特性曲线下面积(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)来评价每一个参数区分正常眼与青光眼的能力大小.结果 正常个体和青光眼患者各参数测量值(总的及各区域RNFL厚度)之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.001).平均RNFL厚度RITue OCT正常个体为(109.758±9.095)μm,青光眼患者为(80.455±19.353)μm;GDx VCC正常个体为(57.013±5.132)μm,青光眼患者为(45.374±10.417)μm;HRT-Ⅲ正常个体为(295.833±69.485)μm,青光眼患者为(201.385±105.235)μm.各测量参数中,诊断效能最高的是RTvue OCT测得的平均RNFL厚度,其AUC值为0.914±0.026,最低的是颞侧TU和TL区域,其AUC分别为0.783±0.040和0.805±0.039.结论 RTVue OCT测得RNFL厚度参数具有很好的区别正常个体和青光眼患者的能力,在青光眼诊断方面是一个有用的工具.     

频域OCT检测视乳头形态及视网膜神经纤维层厚度在青光眼诊断中的作用

目的 探讨频域相干光断层扫描(OCT)检测视乳头形态及视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度在青光眼诊断中的作用.方法 为非干预性、观察性研究.应用RTVue OCT检测60例正常人和97例青光眼患者的视乳头各参数,以及平均和各个区域的RNFL厚度.采用单因素方差分析对以上各参数组间进行比较.用受试者工作特性曲线下面积(AUC)和特异性≥80%的敏感性来评价每一个检测参数区分正常与各期青光眼的能力大小.结果 除视乳头面积外,正常人和各期青光眼患者各参数测量值之间差异均有统计学意义(F=1.024,P=0.596;F=36.519,54.464,27.659,36.176,20.562,63.833,30.031, 54.652,98.146,78.705,99.839,43.728,75.720,45.709,39.380, 33.590,66.887,78.335,45.485;P=0.000).其中,平均RNFL厚度正常人为109.950μm,早期青光眼患者为93.313 μm,中期青光眼患者为80.374μm,晚期青光眼患者为65.570 μm.在视乳头周围8个RNFL区域中,正常人最厚的为颞下150.066μm和颞上146.285μm.各期青光眼患者最厚的均为颞上,分别为早期108.569 μm,中期103.420μm,晚期88.708μm,其次为颞下,分别为早期108.201μm,中期102.830 μm,晚期86.369 μm.而鼻侧(NU+NL)和颞侧(TU+TL)无论在正常人还是青光眼患者中均较薄.在视乳头形态各参数中,各期青光眼诊断效能最高的均为垂直杯盘比,其AUC值在早、中、晚期青光眼患者中分别为0.762,0.946和0.988,它们特异性在80%时的敏感性分别为62.2%,76.5%和99.2%.在RNFL厚度参数中,早期青光眼诊断效能最高的是颞上区域RNFL厚度,其AUC值为0.915,特异性在80%时的敏感性为89.5%;中期青光眼诊断效能最高的是下方平均RNFL厚度,其AUC值为0.967,特异性在80%时的敏感性为94.1%;晚期青光眼诊断效能最高的是平均RNFL厚度,其AUC值为0.985,特异性在80%时的敏感性为99.2%.在视乳头周围8个RNFL区域中,诊断效能最高的是颞上区域(ST),其AUC值在早、中、晚期青光眼患者中分别为0.915,0.926和0.966,它们特异性在80%时的敏感性分别为89.5%,88.2%和92.9%.诊断效能较低的是颞侧(TU+TL)和鼻侧(NU+NL).结论 RTVue OCT具有较好的区别正常人和各期青光眼患者的能力,在青光眼诊断方面是一个有用的工具.     

变化角膜补偿器偏振光激光扫描仪对青光眼的临床观察

目的　评价使用变化角膜补偿器的偏振光激光扫描仪 (GDx -VCC)对青光眼患者的定量观察。方法　对青光眼患者 91人 165眼根据有无视野异常及程度分为 :青光眼视野正常组 87眼 ,早期青光眼 5 6眼及中晚期青光眼 2 2眼 ,正常人组 3 6人 3 6眼进行GDx -VCC检查。统计各组平均视神经纤维层厚度 (RNFL)、上方及下方神经纤维层厚度、平均视盘周神经纤维层厚度标准差及视神经纤维索引因素 (NFI)。对各组值进行多组比较统计处理。结果　正常人平均视神经纤维层厚度、上方及下方神经纤维层厚度与视野有异常的青光眼各组值方差分析P <0 0 0 1;与视野正常的青光眼组各对应区域的神经纤维层厚度比较P =0 0 0 9、 0 0 0 5及 0 0 64。结论　使用变化角膜补偿器的偏振光激光扫描仪测量视神经纤维层厚度对正常人与青光眼患者有区别能力 ,能更早于视野反映视神经纤维层异常。     

HRT-Ⅱ对可疑青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼患者的诊断分析

目的 评价海德堡激光眼底扫描仪(HRT-Ⅱ)对临床可疑青光眼和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者的诊断能力.方法 入选临床医生诊断为可疑青光眼患者119人和POAG患者56人,以眼底立体像为诊断的金标准,重新分组为正常眼组和青光眼组.利用HRT-Ⅱ检测各象限盘沿形态,对比两组之间的关系.并且分别评价临床医师诊断、HRT-Ⅱ的Moorfield判别函数、刘杏等建立的判别函数、结合动态反射图的综合分析对于青光眼的诊断价值.结果 共有162人入选,其中正常人109人211只眼,POAG53人62只眼.正常眼和POAG患眼的参数视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、平均视杯深度、平均RNFL厚度、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓、垂直杯/盘比等的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且HRT-Ⅱ可以有效地发现RNFL缺损,与眼底立体像对RNFL缺损的检出一致率为71%.临床医师的青光眼诊断的敏感性是62.9%,Kappa值为0.414.HRT-Ⅱ的Moorfield判定诊断青光眼敏感性、特异性分别是74.2%、53.6%,Kappa值为0.466,与眼底立体像的一致程度一般.HRT-Ⅱ对青光眼的综合诊断的敏感性、特异性分别是87.1%和92.4%,Kappa值为0.796,与眼底立体像的一致程度较好.刘杏等建立判别函数的受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积为0.834,敏感性和特异性分别为90.3%、61.1%.结论 HRT-Ⅱ可以有效区分临床诊断为可疑青光眼的正常眼组和POAG患眼,结合HRT动态反射图进行的综合分析对于青光眼的诊断的敏感性、特异性较好,与眼底立体像的一致性较高,而普通门诊医师对青光眼诊断的准确性较差.     

GDx神经纤维厚度分析仪在正常中老年国人中的应用评价

目的 评价GDx神经纤维厚度分析仪在正常中老年国人中的检测意义。方法 采用GDx神经纤维厚度分析仪两种检测模式检测正常中老年国人的视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度。测量参数：TSNIT平均延迟、上方平均延迟、下方平均延迟、TSNIT标准差、神经纤维指数（NFI）。结果 VCC模式：5项参数分别为56.17±5.25,68.35±7.20,67.31±8.06,23.46±4.31,17.15±10.09。ECC模式：5项参数分别为54.15±5.12,67.28±8.33,67.91±8.70,25.80±3.72,18.88±10.51。两种模式参数检测结果均在正常范围,除下方平均延迟差异有统计学意义外其余4项参数之间的差异无统计学意义,所有检测参数指标与年龄均无统计学意义的相关性。结论 GDx神经纤维厚度分析仪对正常中老年国人RNFL厚度分布的测定结果符合生理解剖特点。VCC和ECC两种模式对检测正常中老年国人的RNFL厚度差异无统计学意义。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.