广州地区老年科良性前列腺增生的诊断治疗现状

目的 了解广州地区老年科门诊伴有下尿路症状的良性前列腺增生(LUTS/BPH)患者的基本情况及诊治状况. 方法 对广州地区三家三级甲等医院的老年科门诊进行调查,对诊断为LUTS/BPH的患者进行生活的基本状况的问卷调查,同时对门诊医师开具的检查和治疗药物进行分析统计. 结果 6140例男性门诊患者中1824例拟诊LUTS/BPH,占29.7%.在有效回收的调查问卷的134例患者中,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)轻、中及重度者分别占24.5%、72.5%及3.0%.血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)异常率为37.3%.患者最常接受的检查是直肠指检(96.8%)、PSA(88.7%)和经腹B超(84.8%).医师开具的药物最常见为单独使用5-α还原酶抑制剂(44.7%);其次为α-受体拮抗剂及5-α还原酶抑制剂联合使用(24.7%)及其他(植物用药)(16.7%).单独使用α-受体拮抗剂和单独使用植物制剂的比例相近(分别为6.8%和7.1%). 结论 LUTS/BPH是老年科男性患者最常见的疾病之一.医师开具的检查不尽合理,对常规的病史询问、IPSS评分等重视不够,医师开具的治疗药物基本合理.     

老年病科门诊良性前列腺增生症患者诊治现况

目的 了解<中国良性前列腺增生症诊断治疗指南>公布以来老年病科门诊BPH诊断与治疗的基本情况.方法 采用BPH诊断情况日报表(A表)、BPH良患者就医需求问卷(B表)、国际前列腺症状评分表(International Prostate Symptom Score,IPSS)、(C表)、BPH患者生活质量量表(QOL)(D表),对单月在湘雅二医院老年病科门诊就诊的BPH患者进行调查.结果 2008年2月湘雅二医院老年病科门诊患者总计263人(女106人,男157人),其中诊断为BPH患者111人.医生开具的检查项目中病史询问、IPSS评分、生活质量评分(Quality Of Life,QOL)、腹部超声、PSA测定等均达到了100%.初诊患者与复诊组比较,确诊时间、IPSS评分、QOL评分、前列腺体积以及最大尿流率均有统计学差异.前列腺体积与PSA值在所有患者以及70岁、80岁人群组具正相关性,同时80岁组中前列腺体积与最大尿流率也具正相关.采用药物治疗者占58%.结论 湘雅二医院老年病科门诊BPH患者的主要构成人群特征均与全国的情况基本接近,门诊医生能较好地遵从BPH诊疗指南来诊断与评估患者病情,但尚需要提高对于直肠指诊重要性的认识,在药物治疗选择上,以α受体阻滞剂使用率最高,其次为中药和植物制剂,5α还原酶抑制剂最低,α受体阻滞剂与5α还原酶抑制剂合用率也低于服用中药植物制剂率.     

长沙市三家医院老年病科门诊良性前列腺增生患者药物治疗情况分析

目的 了解长沙市3家医院老年病科门诊良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的基本情况及药物应用情况. 方法 采用BPH诊断情况日报表、BPH患者就医需求问卷、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)表、BPH患者生活质量量表(BPHQLS)对单月在湘雅医院、湘雅二医院、长沙市三医院3家医院老年病科门诊就诊的BPH患者进行调查. 结果 2008年单月3家医院老年病科门诊患者总计657人,其中男性456人,女性201人.诊断为BPH者289人,占老年病科就诊患者的44.0%,占男性患者的63.4%.完成全部调查项目者145人,平均年龄(77.2±5.7)岁,前列腺体积平均值(41.44±21.00)ml,血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)中位数值2.24 μg/L,最大尿流率(12.65±5.74)ml/S,IPSS评分(14.80±8.11)分,BPHQLS评分(2.56±1.36)分.145例患者中,药物治疗率为66.21%(96/145),α受体阻滞剂单用率为6.90%(10/145),5α还原酶抑制剂单用率为8.97%(13/145),联合治疗方案采用率达26.90%(39/145). 结论 3家医院的门诊BPH患者为高进展风险人群,患者目前治疗方案以药物治疗为主,药物的选择基本合理.     

中国11城市老年科门诊良性前列腺增生患者药物治疗的现状及分析

目的 了解中国老年科门诊良性前列腺增生药物治疗的现状,并对其进行总结和分析.方法 2008年2月至2008年9月在全国11个中心城市的34个老年科门诊进行调研,首先对在调查时间内前来老年科门诊就诊的全部男性患者进行有关良性前列腺增生的病史询问,然后从中选取11000例正在进行良性前列腺增生药物治疗的患者填写详细的调查问卷并进行相关检查.结果 在1000名被调查者中,共收到有效问卷774份,其中国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)偏高且前列腺体积偏大者比例较高.在良性前列腺增生患者的药物治疗方面,联合药物治疗(5α还原酶抑制剂+α受体阻滞剂)的比例最高,达45.48%,以下依次是α受体阻滞剂(36.30%)、5α还原酶抑制剂(13.05%)和其他药物(主要是中成药和植物制剂,5.17%).结论 当前,我国老年科门诊在良性前列腺增生的药物治疗方面,还存在着只重视症状的改善而轻视疾病进展的倾向,和当前的国际、国内的治疗指南以及众多的随机、对照研究的结论相比还存在着一定的差距.     

老年人良性前列腺增生与心血管疾病的关系

目的 了解老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者临床特点及用药情况,探讨BPH与心血管疾病的关系. 方法 搜集本院老年病科100例BPH患者临床资料,采用国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)、生活质量量表(QOL)对患者进行评价,所有患者均详细询问心血管病史,并检测前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平,采用腹部超声测量前列腺体积(PV). 结果 老年BPH患者PV和PSA随年龄增长而升高;疾病严重程度以中度(IPSS 8～19分)多见;BPH患者高血压、冠心病和糖尿病患病率高,冠心病者PV显著高于非冠心病者(P＜0.05);我院BPH患者服用5-α还原酶抑制剂和α-受体阻滞剂者多见,治疗依从性好. 结论 老年BPH患者严重程度与年龄、冠心病发病相关;药物干预治疗以5-α还原酶抑制剂使用率最高.     

老年良性前列腺增生与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的关系

目的 观察老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的临床特点及用药情况,探讨BPH与COPD的关系.方法 回顾性分析100例BPH患者临床资料,采用国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)、生活质量量表(QOL)对患者进行评价,所有患者均详细询问病史,并检测前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平,超声测量前列腺体积(PV).结果 老年BPH患者PV和PSA随年龄增长而增高;疾病严重程度以中度(IPSS 8～19分)多见;COPD者合并BPH较其他呼吸疾病合并BPH者多见,COPD组PV显著高于非COPD组合并BPH者(P＜0.05);我院BPH患者服用5-α还原酶抑制剂和α受体阻滞剂者多见,治疗依从性好.结论 老年BPH患者严重程度与年龄、COPD相关;药物治疗以5-α还原酶抑制剂使用率最高.     

老年科良性前列腺增生的诊治现状

目的 了解良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)在老年科的诊断和治疗现状,促进BPH诊断和治疗的规范化.方法 抽取我国23个城市的老年科门诊BPH患者,完成老年科BPH门诊登记调查表.问卷内容包括患者的基本情况、诊疗情况和治疗效果.结果 对4001份调查问卷的分析显示,患者平均国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)(18.8±5.9)分,中、重度症状患者分别占53.8％和42.0％.并存疾病的患病率依次为高血压(63.9％)、冠心病(40.4％)、糖尿病(32.4％)和高脂血症(25.7％).BPH相关并发症的发生率依次为尿路感染(21.0％)、尿路结石(8.3％)、反复血尿(1.8％)、肾积水(1.7％)和疝气(0.6％).医师采用的诊疗手段中,未进行直肠指诊的占27.2％,未进行血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检查的占89.5％.在药物治疗的患者中,68.1％的患者处方中有a受体阻滞剂,92.9％的处方中有5α还原酶抑制剂,11.8％的处方中有中药和植物制剂,0.4％的处方中有M受体阻滞剂.首次处方中,单药治疗的占51.1％,2种药物联合治疗的占46.6％.在中重度症状患者中,遵医嘱规律服药的占60.6％,已停药的占13.9％.需要调整处方的原因依次为药物疗效差(23.4％)、不良反应多(5.4％)、价格昂贵(3.5％)、服用不方便(2.9％)等.结论 老年科门诊BPH患者以中重度症状为主,BPH治疗的同时还需考虑并存的疾病和BPH相关并发症;医师需进一步认识直肠指诊和PSA检查的重要性,联合治疗对于改善患者下尿路症状效果显著,长期治疗效果更好.     

老年人良性前列腺增生诊断治疗情况分析

目的 研究老年人良性前列腺增生(BPH)的诊断治疗情况. 方法 以2010年1月至2012年3月在干部门诊体检的188例保健干部为对象,对其进行腹部超声检查测定前列腺体积(PV),以PV≥20 ml诊断BPH;国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)评估下尿路症状;测定血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA),将年龄≥62岁、PSA≥1.6 μg/L、PV≥31 ml诊断为高进展性BPH.分析老年人BPH患病率、知晓率及治疗情况,单因素方差分析比较不同年龄组的PV、IPSS及PSA浓度,Logistic回归分析BPH的危险因素. 结果 188例老年人BPH的患病率为48.4％ (91/188),知晓率41.5％(78/188),但因下尿路症状而就诊知晓的为10.6％ (20/188);PV、IPSS、PSA浓度随增龄而增加(均P＜0.01),年龄、高血压及糖尿病是BPH的危险因素;BPH患者中以5α还原酶抑制剂为主进行药物治疗的占47.3％,46例高进展BPH患者中有10例未使用药物治疗. 结论 BPH患病率随增龄而增加,老年人对下尿路症状不够重视导致主动就诊率低,临床医师对高进展性BPH药物治疗不及时,应在老年、高血压和糖尿病患者中加强BPH宣教及筛查,采取综合性治疗措施.     

老年良性前列腺增生症单药治疗无效的危险因素

目的通过分析α-受体阻滞剂治疗老年良性前列腺增生症(BPH)无效的危险因素,明确初诊老年BPH的药物选择。方法回顾研究96例老年BPH患者,其中单用α-受体阻滞剂坦索罗新治疗组42例,与5α-还原酶抑制剂非那雄胺联合治疗组54例,比较两组国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量指数(QOL)、最大尿流速(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、前列腺体积及血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)。结果联合用药与单药治疗组比较,前列腺体积、Qmax和IPSS具有统计学差异;多元回归分析显示IPSS(P<0.001)及前列腺体积(P<0.05)与老年BPH单药治疗无效密切相关。结论老年BPH患者单药及联合治疗均能改善病情,对于初诊时具有较高的IPSS评分及严重的前列腺体积增大者应给予药物联合治疗。     

老年科门诊BPH患者临床症状指标的相关性分析

目的 了解老年科门诊良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者前列腺体积、最大尿流率、生活质量评分(QOL)和下尿路症状评分(IPSS)之间的相互关系.方法 采用横断面调查的方法,对中国南北两地区11个城市(北方4城市,南方7城市)33个三级甲等医院2 027例>60岁的BPH门诊患者进行研究.结果 全国老年科门诊60岁及以上BPH患者前列腺体积(41.8±19.7) ml、最大尿流率(9.6±2.7) ml/s、QOL (2.6±1.2)分及IPSS (13.3±7.2)分.采用多元线性回归分析发现,BPH患者IPSS与前列腺体积、最大尿流率和QOL相关.结论 老年科门诊BPH患者临床症状指标之间存在相互关系.     

综合性医院肺结核定点门诊诊治状况分析

目的　了解和分析综合性医院肺结核定点门诊诊治状况,发挥综合性医院在结核病防治中的作用。方法 对2002年1月—2004年10月余姚市肺结核定点门诊患者的资料进行调查和分析。结果 1012例肺结核患者因症直接就诊者35例,占3.5%例;转诊者977例,占96.5%;转诊科室分散,构成比依次为内科65%,呼吸科11.1%,口腔科8%,急诊科6.9%,外科5.6%,其他3.4%;痰菌阳性患者478例,阳性率47.2%;92例(9.1%)合并糖尿病,23例(2.3%)合并肺癌;在诊治随访中,869例(85.9%)完成治疗,治愈766例,好转80例;中断治疗143例,其中62例转至当地结核病防治机构,39例死于严重合并症。结论 综合性医院肺结核定点门诊诊治较为理想,但门诊点应该增加,管理应该加强。     

ELDERLY PATIENTS‘ IMPRESSIONS OF AN OUTPATIENT SERVICE

50 elderly patients attending a general hospital outpatient department were interviewed about various aspects of their attendance. Ninety percent had been brought by transport provided by the hospital. The mean time spent waiting for the doctor was 35 minutes, the mean time spent with the doctor was 17 minutes, and 10% of patients felt they needed more time with their doctor. Twenty four percent of patients had their medications changed, but none received written instruction. Fifty percent of patients had attended their clinic more than five times in the past 12 months. Eighty two percent of patients felt the visit was useful. It is concluded that although several problems were identified, elderly patients were satisfactorily serviced by this outpatient department.     

Effects of α1‐Blockers for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Sleep Disorders in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Objectives: We evaluated the association of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sleep disorders (SD) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We also examined improvement of SD following the α1‐blocker therapy for LUTS. Methods: Sixty‐eight male patients were enrolled in the study, consisting of 38 cases with LUTS and BPH (BPH group), and 30 men without significant LUTS or BPH (non‐BPH group). The degree of LUTS and SD was evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The patients of BPH group then were treated with α1‐blocker for 4 weeks, and were re‐examined by all the questionnaires to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies. Results: The correlation analyses showed a significant association of LUTS with SD in BPH group (r = 0.4995, P = 0.0068). Twenty cases (52.6%) in BPH group showed 5.5 or more PSQI scores. Following 4 weeks of α1‐blocker administration, the average PSQI decreased significantly from 6.3 to 4.8 points (P < 0.001). Significant improvement was observed in domains of “sleep quality” and “sleep disturbances” among PSQI (P = 0.0215 and 0.0391, respectively). Moreover, significant association between α1‐blocker induced improvements of nocturia and SD was identified in patients with 5.5 or more PSQI score at baseline (r = 0.445, P = 0.0334). Conclusion: These results suggested that SD is associated with LUTS among BPH patients and therapeutic effects of α1‐blockers on LUTS lead to improvements of SD.     

Characteristics of inappropriate multiple medication use in older urological outpatients

ObjectivesTo investigate polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in elderly patients visiting the urology department for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed digital medical records of individuals over the age of 65 who visited the urology department for LUTS. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 hospitals located in South Korea, between September 2017 and December 2017. All prescribed medications were analyzed using electronic medical records. The updated 2015 Beers criteria were used to identify and assess the appropriateness of the prescribed drugs in elderly patients.ResultsWe analyzed a total of 2143 patients aged over 65 years from 10 institutions. The mean age was 74.2 ± 6.26 years (65–97), 1634 (76.2%) were men. Patients took a mean of 6.48 ± 2.46 medications (range 0–18), and polypharmacy was found in 1762 patients (82.2%). The number of patients who received PIMs at least once was 1579 (73.7%). The average number of PIMs used per patient was 1.31 ± 1.25 (0–7). PIM use ratio was 18.9 ± 0.15% (0–67%). The number of chronic diseases, and concurrent medication and polypharmacy were predictive factors associated with PIM use.ConclusionOur multi-institutional results show that a substantial proportion of elderly patients took PIMs when visiting the urology department. Factors associated with PIMs were the number of chronic diseases and polypharmacy. Medication use in elderly patients, especially in urology, should be monitored carefully.     

代谢综合征对老年人良性前列腺增生病程的影响

目的 探讨代谢综合征(MS)在老年人良性前列腺增生(BPH)病程中的作用.方法 101例BPH患者分为单纯BPH组45例与合并MS的BPH组56例,分析体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等代谢性因素对BPH患者前列腺体积(PV)、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、下尿路症状(LUTS)出现时间的影响.结果 合并MS的BPH患者PV明显大于单纯BPH患者(t=3.22,P=0.003),LUTS出现时间长于后者(t=2.02,P=0.046).超重和肥胖的BPH患者PV明显大于正常体质量组[分别为(49.44±26.83)ml与(38.10±10.64)ml,P=0.021;(51.7±22.2)ml与(38.10±10.64)ml,P=0.043];腹型肥胖的BPH组患者PV明显大于非腹型肥胖的BPH患者组[(50.26±26.51)ml与(38.99±11.25)ml,P=0.005].低HDL-C水平组PV明显大于正常HDL-C水平组[(54.23±28.92)ml与(40.40±14.87) ml,P=0.009].FBS水平异常的BPH患者PV、PSA水平超过正常FBS水平者(t=3.17,2.41; P=0.035,0.013).合并胰岛素抵抗的BPH患者的PV明显大于胰岛素敏感者(t=3.43,P=0.001),LUTS出现时间在胰岛素抵抗组明显延长(t=3.58,P=0.001).PV与BMI (r=0.46,P=0.000)、FINS (r=0.42,P=0.001)、HOMA-IR (r=0.49,P=0.003)呈正相关;而与HDL-C(r=-0.38,P=0.000)呈负相关.多元逐步回归分析显示PV与HOMA-IR关系最密切.结论 MS对BPH的病程和发展具有明显的影响.     

Early Results of Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate in Medical Control‐failed Patients

Objectives: We present here our early results and learning curve for photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) performed by an experienced urologist and we provide an analysis of the morbidity and early functional outcomes. Methods: Forty‐four patients were selected, from May 2006 to January 2009, who had benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). After undergoing PVP for BPH at our hospital, the patients were followed up for approximately 2 years. PVP was performed by the same experienced urologist using potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser. Baseline characteristics, preoperative and perioperative data, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Regular outpatient department follow‐up was conducted after patients were discharged from the hospital at 1, 4 and 12 weeks. Results: The mean age of the 44 patients was 71.6 years. The mean prostate volume was 47.52 mL. The mean PVP surgery time was 79.11 min. The mean urinary catheterization time was 23.41 h. Few complications arose after PVP, except that 47.7% of the patients developed pyuria after being discharged from hospital. The average hospital stay was 2.45 days. There were no significant differences in the efficiency of tissue vaporization among the patients. Conclusion: PVP for BPH has various advantages, including reducing postoperative complications. An experienced urologist can easily perform PVP. However, early results show no significant differences in the efficiency for the PVP technique.     

Management of benign prostatic hyperplasia by the primary care physician in the 21st century: the new paradigm

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the commonest causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men over age 50. Fifty percent of men over age 50 will require some type of management for BPH/LUTS symptoms. Until about 15 years ago, the most common management for BPH was a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) operation. Initially, once a diagnosis of BPH has been made, most men are treated medically. One must first rule out other serious causes of these symptoms, such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other obstructions. For men with an enlarged prostate, there is a good chance that therapy with a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) can prevent disease progression and the need for surgery. There has been a lot of recent work on different combination therapies for the treatment of BPH/LUTS. If a patient's serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is greater than 1.5 ng/ml and his prostate volume is greater than 30 cc and he has significant LUTS, then combination medical therapy of an alpha blocker with a 5-ARI is the most effective therapy. After a careful workup, it is quite reasonable and appropriate for the primary care physician to initiate this therapy for a patient with BPH/LUTS.     

Contemporary Combination Therapy in the Treatment of LUTS/BPH

The primary treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms thought to be associated with histological benign prostatic hyperplasia causing bladder outflow obstruction (LUTS/BPH) has evolved from an emphasis on surgical through to medical therapies. More recently there has been an increasing trend toward developing combination pharmacotherapy utilizing agents with differing mechanism of action aimed at the various pathophysiolgies potentially underpinning voiding and storage symptoms. The focus has been on clinical benefit such as reducing disease progression, acute urinary retention and need for BPH surgery in the case of alpha-blockers (AB) and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor combination. This effect appears to be appropriate in the subset of men with larger prostates. Anti-muscarinics with AB is safe and effective treatment in those with bothersome storage symptoms and LUTS/BPH, although only confirmed as not associated with retention based on the existing literature for men with low PVR’s </=200 ml. Further studies with longer follow up are needed to establish long-term efficacy and safety of this combination. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors with AB is an emerging combination that has demonstrated considerable improvement in IPSS and in some cases flow rates in the small number of randomized studies conducted, confirmed by a recent meta-analysis. The major challenge in the future will be determining which specific groups of men are most likely to benefit from which combination therapies whilst considering cost implications and the potential for increased side effects consequent upon using two therapeutic classes in combination.