后腹腔镜手术治疗嗜铬细胞瘤

目的探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的适应证及手术安全性. 方法采用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者15例(双侧2例),腹主动脉旁嗜铬细胞瘤1例.对照组为开放手术治疗的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16例,腹主动脉旁嗜铬细胞瘤1例.结果后腹腔镜手术组16例患者行后腹腔镜手术18例次,17例次取得成功,1例因术中出血改行开放手术.肿瘤最大径2.0～6.5(3.8±1.6)cm.手术时间45～150(85±31)min,出血量10～100(32±22)ml.术后吗啡用量0～40(12.5±7.8)mg;术后恢复进食时间1～3(1.8±0.7)d;下床活动时间2～3(2.3±0.5)d;术后住院时间4～9(6.5±1.3)d.开放手术组肿瘤最大径1.5～6.0(4.3±1.3)cm.手术时间90～240(155±39)min,出血量50～600(273±105)ml,9例输血.术后吗啡用量10～120(61±24)mg;术后恢复进食时间2～4(2.9±0.5)d;术后下床活动时间3～6(4.8±0.7)d;术后住院时间8～11(8.8±0.9)d.结论对于有一定腹腔镜手术经验者,后腹腔镜手术并不增加嗜铬细胞瘤手术的危险性,且具有手术时间短、出血少、创伤小、疼痛轻、康复快等优点.该法有望成为治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的首选手术方法.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤8例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的有效性和安全性。方法:采用腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤患者8例,其中经腹腔的腹腔镜手术治疗3例,经后腹腔镜手术治疗5例。结果:手术均获得成功,手术时间104±37(65~185)min,出血量95.4±76.3(20~250)ml,术后住院时间5.1±1.7(3~8)d,无明显并发症。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤并不增加手术的危险性,可作为治疗肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的方法之一。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的疗效评估

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2013年12月68例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料,其中33例行开放肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术(开放组),35例行后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术(后腹腔镜组),观察手术相关指标,包括术中是否出现血压剧烈波动、手术时间、术中出血量、引流量、拔除引流管时间、术后住院时间等。结果:68例手术均获成功,后腹腔镜组手术时间、出血量、引流管拔除时间及术中血压剧烈波动例数等明显优于开放组(P<0.05)。结论:后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、患者痛苦少、康复快等优势,是治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效的术式。     

经腹腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术(附17例报告)

目的观察经腹腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的疗效。方法用经腹腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤1 7例。结果 16例均手术均成功。其余1例因大出血转开放手术,手术时间40~150分钟(平均1 00分钟),术中出血量30~320m1(平均1 30m1)。住院时间范围7~1 2天(平均8天),随访5~30个月(平均16个月),除1例需口服降压药外,血压均恢复正常,B超复查无肿瘤残留和复发。结论经腹腔腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术术中解剖标志清楚,手术安全性高,效果满意,可作为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤首选治疗方法。     

嗜铬细胞瘤182例手术治疗分析

目的提高嗜铬细胞瘤的治疗水平。方法回顾性分析2003年9月至2011年6月本院手术治疗182例嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料,并进行各项指标的统计分析。结果所有患者均成功手术切除肿瘤。嗜铬细胞瘤腹腔镜组（LA）15例无中转开放手术,切除肿瘤直径3.5～7cm,平均（5.2±1.58）cm;出血量20～700mL,平均（48±39）mL;手术时间70～180min平均（122.0±43.3）min;术后下床活动时间1～3d,平均（2.2±0.7）d;住院时间5～8d;平均（6.5±1.4）d。嗜铬细胞瘤开放手术组143例,切除肿瘤直径4.5～18.5cm,平均（6.2±3.1）cm;出血量60～2 200mL,平均（220±118）cm;手术时间80～240min,平均（122.0±43.3）min;术后下床活动时间2～5d,平均（4.1±0.8）d;住院时间7～15d,平均（9.3±1.7）d。副神经节瘤组24例,肿瘤直径5.0～9.5cm,恶性肿瘤15例。结论对有较丰富腹腔镜手术经验的术者,后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术手术时间短、出血量少、对患者的刨伤小,是治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效的方法;推荐开放手术治疗副神经节瘤。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺手术与开放手术的比较

目的:比较与评价后腹腔镜与开放性手术在治疗肾上腺疾病中的临床价值。方法:回顾分析54例后腹腔镜肾上腺手术和47例开放肾上腺手术的临床资料,统计分析两种术式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生率等的差异。结果:54例后腹腔镜肾上腺手术,除6例中转开放,余均获成功。两组平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间及术后住院天数分别为:(63.5±32.3)min和(125.2±47.6)min;(35.6±21.8)ml和(287.9±179.2)ml;(2.3±1.1)天和(4.1±1.4)天;(5.6±1.8)天和(9.5±2.1)天。1例后腹腔镜手术因膈肌破裂行开放修补。开放组6例胸膜破裂,1例损伤下腔静脉大出血(>1200ml),8例因切口感染或脂肪液化等伤口延迟愈合。结论:后腹腔镜肾上腺手术在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间等均优于开放手术,并发症发生率低于开放手术,因此,后腹腔镜肾上腺手术可作为肾上腺外科手术的首选治疗方法。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的效果比较(附75例报告)

目的 :通过比较 ,评价腹腔镜与开放手术行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床价值。方法 :回顾性分析腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术及开放手术行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床资料 ,就两组手术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后止痛剂的用量、术后住院时间、住院费用及术后恢复工作的时间进行比较。结果 :腹腔镜组术中的出血量、术后止痛剂的用量、术后的住院时间、术后恢复工作的时间优于开放手术组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;开放手术组在手术时间方面优于腹腔镜组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;两组在住院总费用方面的差异无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :腹腔镜下行肾上腺肿瘤切除术具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复正常工作的时间短等优点 ,已经成为现代治疗肾上腺肿瘤的金标准。     

后腹腔镜手术与开放性肾上腺手术效果的比较

目的：评价后腹腔镜肾上腺手术治疗肾上腺疾病的效果。方法：对行后腹腔镜肾上腺手术患者34例(后腹腔镜组)与同期行开放性肾上腺手术患者17例(开放手术组)的临床效果进行比较。结果：后腹腔镜组除平均手术时间外，估计平均失血量、术后止痛剂用量、术后下床活动时间及术后住院天数均显著优于开放手术组，无一例需要输血和出现严重并发症。术后平均随访9个月。全部病例均达到治疗的目的。无远期手术并发症发生。结论：后腹腔镜肾上腺手术显著优于开放手术。是一种安全有效的方法，特别适合于小的肾上腺良性肿瘤、肾上腺囊肿及肾上腺手术探查。     

后腹腔镜与开放肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术的回顾性比较研究

目的 比较后腹腔镜与开放手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床效果,评价后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的临床应用价值. 方法 回顾分析1998年1月～2005年12月我院50例单侧开放性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术（开放手术组）和53例单侧后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术（后腹腔镜组）的临床资料,比较2组手术情况（手术创伤相关指标、术中高血压波动、疗效等）. 结果 后腹腔镜组手术时间（52±22）min 显著短于开放手术组（120±42）min,（t=-11.692,P=0.000）;术中出血量（74±34）ml 显著少于开放手术组（187±64）ml （t=-7.511,P=0.000）;术后肠道功能恢复时间（中位数1 d vs 2 d, u= -5.018,P=0.000）和术后住院时间[（5.2±1.7）d vs （8.3±1.8）d, t=-10.714,P=0.000]均明显优于开放手术组.后腹腔镜组术中高血压发生例数（9例 vs 18例, χ^2=4.811,P= 0.028）、输血例数（1例 vs 8例, χ^2=6.426,P=0.011）、全身炎症反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS）发生例数（11例 vs 21例, χ^2= 5.423,P=0.020）均显著低于开放组;2组SIRS持续时间（中位数1 d vs 1 d,u=-1.598,P=0.110）、手术并发症发生例数（2例 vs 6例,χ^2=1.418,P=0.234）无统计学差异.术后3个月血压恢复正常及症状消失者后腹腔镜组有45例（84.9%）,开放手术组43例（86.0%）,2组比较无统计学差异（χ^2=0.025,P=0.875）.103例随访5～36个月,平均21.3月,均未出现肿瘤复发和转移. 结论 后腹腔镜肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术不仅手术时间短、出血量少、对患者的创伤小,而且术中对血压的控制较好,具有与开放手术相似的疗效,是治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤安全、有效的方法.     

嗜铬细胞瘤腹腔镜与开放手术护理配合比较

目的 比较肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤腹腔镜术与开放手术术中护理配合的异同点.方法 回顾性总结16例采用腹腔镜技术(腔镜组)与16例使用开放手术(开放组)治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的患者的手术配合经验:两组待血压、心率、脉搏控制至正常并持续1周实行手术;在术前除分别准备器械物品外,术中采取不同护理配合方法.腔镜组术中注意静脉滴注去甲肾上腺素,观察CO2气腹对呼吸、循环和酸碱平衡的影响;开放组术中注意静脉滴注苄胺唑啉、普萘洛尔,使血压维持至较正常稍高的水平,防止血压过高或过低.结果 两组手术均获成功.腔镜组无1例中转开放术;术中血压、心率剧烈波动腔镜组3例、开放组10例,经处理后均转危为安;两组随诊均未见复发.两组术中血压、心率、手术时间,术中出血量、输液量、输血量,术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤手术时血压、心率等波动剧烈.腔镜组与开放组各有优势,腔镜手术较开放手术术中血压、心率剧烈波动的例数少,手术平稳程度大,安全系数高.手术中医护协力配合是腹腔镜与开放手术治疗嗜铬细胞瘤患者手术成功的关键.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.